RESUMO
Two children, with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome and hemihypertrophy who were followed by ultrasonography, developed a large nephroblastoma in the interval between two abdominal ultrasound examinations. The customarily suggested bi-annual examinations are not frequent enough and may give physicians and parents a false sense of security.
Assuntos
Síndrome de Beckwith-Wiedemann/complicações , Neoplasias Renais/complicações , Tumor de Wilms/complicações , Síndrome de Beckwith-Wiedemann/diagnóstico por imagem , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Lactente , Neoplasias Renais/diagnóstico por imagem , Masculino , Fatores de Tempo , Ultrassonografia , Tumor de Wilms/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
Acute, subacute and chronic toxicity-carcinogenicity studies of 2-[1-(2,6-dichlorphenoxy)-ethyl]-2-imidazoline hydrochloride (lofexidine, Lofetensin and Loxacor) were conducted in rats, dogs, and/or mice. The oral LD50 values for these species were similar. Lofexidine given orally to rats and dogs for up to 12 months produced no significant adverse effects at doses up to 1 mg/kg and only marginal effects at 3 mg/kg; moderate to severe effects were noted at doses of 5-25 mg/kg. When given orally to rats for 24 months at doses of 0.1-1.0 mg/kg, lofexidine failed to elicit any evidence of carcinogenicity. Phentolamine and tolazoline may be useful as antidotes in cases of overdosage.
Assuntos
Carcinógenos , Clonidina/análogos & derivados , Animais , Antídotos , Clonidina/intoxicação , Clonidina/toxicidade , Cães , Fentolamina/farmacologia , Ratos , Ratos Endogâmicos , Tolazolina/farmacologiaRESUMO
The toxicity and side-effects of the antihypertensive and diuretic combination 2-[1-(2,6-dichlorphenoxy)-ethyl-2-imidazoline-hydrochloride (lofexidine, Lofetensin and Loxacor) hydrochlorothiazide were studied in toxicity and teratogenicity tests and the possibility of interactions was investigated. In terms of lofexidine, there was no evidence of any adverse interactions with hydrochlorothiazide either following a single, oral administration to rats and mice or following short-term and long-term repeated oral dosing of rats and dogs. In the subchronic and chronic toxicity studies it was actually found that the familiar, unwanted sedative effect of lofexidine failed to occur when the combined preparation was given. With repeated oral administration to rats and dogs definite drug-related toxic findings, such as a reduction in serum potassium, mineralization of a few organs and crystal formation in the urine, only occurred at dose levels far above the therapeutic dose. The results of these studies along with historical data on the individual components would suggest a lack of carcinogenic potential for this combination. No teratogenic or embryotoxic effects were noted in rats or rabbits.