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1.
Int J Radiat Biol ; : 1-11, 2024 Feb 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38319708

RESUMO

PURPOSE: The purpose of this paper was to conduct a review of the studies published between 2018 and 2022 to investigate radiation-related effects in the offspring of human individuals exposed to ionizing radiation. METHODS: The search identified 807 publications, from which 9 studies were selected for detailed analysis to examine for effects in children whose parents were exposed to various types and doses of radiation. RESULTS: The review does not yield substantial evidence supporting intergenerational effects of radiation exposure in humans. However, caution is required when interpreting the results due to limitations in the majority of the published articles. CONCLUSION: This review, covering the period 2018-2022, serves as an extension of the previous systematic review conducted by Stephens et al. (2024), which encompassed the years 1988-2018. Together, these two papers offer a comprehensive overview of the available evidence regarding the intergenerational effects of parental pre-conceptional exposure to ionizing radiation. Overall, the findings do not provide strong evidence supporting a significant association between adverse (or other) outcomes in unexposed children and parental preconception radiation exposure.

2.
Radiat Environ Biophys ; 63(1): 7-16, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38172372

RESUMO

The Pooled Uranium Miners Analysis (PUMA) study is the largest uranium miners cohort with 119,709 miners, 4.3 million person-years at risk and 7754 lung cancer deaths. Excess relative rate (ERR) estimates for lung cancer mortality per unit of cumulative exposure to radon progeny in working level months (WLM) based on the PUMA study have been reported. The ERR/WLM was modified by attained age, time since exposure or age at exposure, and exposure rate. This pattern was found for the full PUMA cohort and the 1960 + sub-cohort, i.e., miners hired in 1960 or later with chronic low radon exposures and exposure rates. The aim of the present paper is to calculate the lifetime excess absolute risk (LEAR) of lung cancer mortality per WLM using the PUMA risk models, as well as risk models derived in previously published smaller uranium miner studies, some of which are included in PUMA. The same methods were applied for all risk models, i.e., relative risk projection up to <95 years of age, an exposure scenario of 2 WLM per year from age 18-64 years, and baseline mortality rates representing a mixed Euro-American-Asian population. Depending upon the choice of model, the estimated LEAR per WLM are 5.38 × 10-4 or 5.57 × 10-4 in the full PUMA cohort and 7.50 × 10-4 or 7.66 × 10-4 in the PUMA 1960 + sub-cohort, respectively. The LEAR per WLM estimates derived from risk models reported for previously published uranium miners studies range from 2.5 × 10-4 to 9.2 × 10-4. PUMA strengthens knowledge on the radon-related lung cancer LEAR, a useful way to translate models for policy purposes.


Assuntos
Neoplasias Pulmonares , Neoplasias Induzidas por Radiação , Doenças Profissionais , Exposição Ocupacional , Radônio , Urânio , Humanos , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos de Coortes , Radônio/efeitos adversos , Urânio/efeitos adversos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/etiologia , Exposição Ocupacional/efeitos adversos , Neoplasias Induzidas por Radiação/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Induzidas por Radiação/etiologia , Proteínas Reguladoras de Apoptose , Doenças Profissionais/epidemiologia
3.
J Radiol Prot ; 42(2)2022 05 27.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35417898

RESUMO

The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) has embarked on a process to review and revise the current System of Radiological Protection ('the System'). To stimulate discussion, the ICRP published two open-access articles: one on aspects of the System that might require review, and another on research that might improve the scientific foundation of the System. Building on these articles, the ICRP organized a Workshop on the Future of Radiological Protection as an opportunity to engage in the review and revision of the System. This digital workshop took place from 14 October-3 November 2021 and included 20 live-streamed and 43 on-demand presentations. Approximately 1500 individuals from 100 countries participated. Based on the subjects covered by the presentations, this summary is organized into four broad areas: the scientific basis, concepts and application of the System; and the role of the ICRP. Some of the key topics that emerged included the following: classification of radiation-induced effects; adverse outcome pathway methodologies; better understanding of the dose-response relationship; holistic and reasonable approaches to optimization of protection; radiological protection of the environment; ethical basis of the System; clarity, consistency and communication of the System; application of the System in medicine and application of the principles of justification and optimization of protection.


Assuntos
Lesões por Radiação , Proteção Radiológica , Humanos , Agências Internacionais , Lesões por Radiação/prevenção & controle , Proteção Radiológica/métodos
4.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35094811

RESUMO

Recent studies suggest that every year worldwide about a million patients might be exposed to doses of the order of 100 mGy of low-LET radiation, due to recurrent application of radioimaging procedures. This paper presents a synthesis of recent epidemiological evidence on radiation-related cancer risks from low-LET radiation doses of this magnitude. Evidence from pooled analyses and meta-analyses also involving epidemiological studies that, individually, do not find statistically significant radiation-related cancer risks is reviewed, and evidence from additional and more recent epidemiological studies of radiation exposures indicating excess cancer risks is also summarized. Cohorts discussed in the present paper include Japanese atomic bomb survivors, nuclear workers, patients exposed for medical purposes, and populations exposed environmentally to natural background radiation or radioactive contamination. Taken together, the overall evidence summarized here is based on studies including several million individuals, many of them followed-up for more than half a century. In summary, substantial evidence was found from epidemiological studies of exposed groups of humans that ionizing radiation causes cancer at acute and protracted doses above 100 mGy, and growing evidence for doses below 100 mGy. The significant radiation-related solid cancer risks observed at doses of several 100 mGy of protracted exposures (observed, for example, among nuclear workers) demonstrate that doses accumulated over many years at low dose rates do cause stochastic health effects. On this basis, it can be concluded that doses of the order of 100 mGy from recurrent application of medical imaging procedures involving ionizing radiation are of concern, from the viewpoint of radiological protection.


Assuntos
Neoplasias Induzidas por Radiação , Proteção Radiológica , Radiação Ionizante , Humanos , Neoplasias Induzidas por Radiação/epidemiologia
6.
J Radiol Prot ; 41(4)2021 Dec 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34284364

RESUMO

The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) has embarked on a review and revision of the system of Radiological Protection that will update the 2007 general recommendations in ICRPPublication 103. This is the beginning of a process that will take several years, involving open and transparent engagement with organisations and individuals around the world. While the system is robust and has performed well, it must adapt to address changes in science and society to remain fit for purpose. The aim of this paper is to encourage discussions on which areas of the system might gain the greatest benefit from review, and to initiate collaborative efforts. Increased clarity and consistency are high priorities. The better the system is understood, the more effectively it can be applied, resulting in improved protection and increased harmonisation. Many areas are identified for potential review including: classification of effects, with particular focus on tissue reactions; reformulation of detriment, potentially including non-cancer diseases; re-evaluation of the relationship between detriment and effective dose, and the possibility of defining detriments for males and females of different ages; individual variation in the response to radiation exposure; heritable effects; and effects and risks in non-human biota and ecosystems. Some of the basic concepts are also being considered, including the framework for bringing together protection of people and the environment, incremental improvements to the fundamental principles of justification and optimisation, a broader approach to protection of individuals, and clarification of the exposure situations introduced in 2007. In addition, ICRP is considering identifying where explicit incorporation of the ethical basis of the system would be beneficial, how to better reflect the importance of communications and stakeholder involvement, and further advice on education and training. ICRP invites responses on these and other areas relating to the review of the System of Radiological Protection.


Assuntos
Exposição à Radiação , Monitoramento de Radiação , Proteção Radiológica , Ecossistema , Exposição Ambiental , Agências Internacionais
7.
Int J Epidemiol ; 50(2): 633-643, 2021 05 17.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33232447

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The Pooled Uranium Miners Analysis (PUMA) study draws together information from cohorts of uranium miners from Canada, the Czech Republic, France, Germany and the USA. METHODS: Vital status and cause of death were ascertained and compared with expectations based upon national mortality rates by computing standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) overall and by categories of time since first hire, calendar period of first employment and duration of employment as a miner. RESULTS: There were 51 787 deaths observed among 118 329 male miners [SMR = 1.05; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04, 1.06]. The SMR was elevated for all cancers (n = 16 633, SMR = 1.23; 95% CI: 1.21, 1.25), due primarily to excess mortality from cancers of the lung (n = 7756, SMR = 1.90; 95% CI: 1.86, 1.94), liver and gallbladder (n = 549, SMR = 1.15; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.25), larynx (n = 229, SMR = 1.10; 95% CI: 0.97, 1.26), stomach (n = 1058, SMR = 1.08; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.15) and pleura (n = 39, SMR = 1.06; 95% CI: 0.75, 1.44). Lung-cancer SMRs increased with duration of employment, decreased with calendar period and persisted with time since first hire. Among non-malignant causes, the SMR was elevated for external causes (n = 3362, SMR = 1.41; 95% CI: 1.36, 1.46) and respiratory diseases (n = 4508, SMR = 1.32; 95% CI: 1.28, 1.36), most notably silicosis (n = 814, SMR = 13.56; 95% CI: 12.64, 14.52), but not chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (n = 1729, SMR = 0.98; 95% CI: 0.93, 1.02). CONCLUSIONS: Whereas there are important obstacles to the ability to detect adverse effects of occupational exposures via SMR analyses, PUMA provides evidence of excess mortality among uranium miners due to a range of categories of cause of death. The persistent elevation of SMRs with time since first hire as a uranium miner underscores the importance of long-term follow-up of these workers.


Assuntos
Neoplasias Pulmonares , Doenças Profissionais , Exposição Ocupacional , Radônio , Urânio , Canadá/epidemiologia , Estudos de Coortes , Europa (Continente)/epidemiologia , França , Alemanha , Humanos , Masculino , América do Norte/epidemiologia , Exposição Ocupacional/efeitos adversos
8.
J Endocrinol Invest ; 44(7): 1491-1500, 2021 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33206361

RESUMO

PURPOSE: Stable iodine prophylaxis helps prevent childhood thyroid cancer in nuclear emergencies; however, there is limited information on its effect on thyroid function. This study aimed to examine thyroid function and autoimmunity among children and adolescents that took stable iodine after the Fukushima Nuclear Disaster. METHODS: For this observational study, data were obtained from children and adolescents that underwent thyroid cancer screening at Hirata Central Hospital from April 2012 to March 2018. Participant characteristics, including possible hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, were compared between the prophylaxis and no-prophylaxis groups. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess for possible hypothyroidism, autoantibodies positive, and hyperthyroidism. RESULTS: A total of 1,225 participants with stable iodine prophylaxis and 3,946 without prophylaxis were enrolled. Of those participants, blood samples were available for 144 and 1,201 participants in the prophylaxis and no-prophylaxis groups, respectively. There were 17 (11.8%) and 146 cases (12.2%) of possible hypothyroidism or autoantibodies positive cases in the prophylaxis and no-prophylaxis groups, respectively, and there were no cases and 3 cases (0.2%) of possible hyperthyroidism in those two groups, respectively. Multivariable analysis for possible hypothyroidism revealed no association between stable iodine intake and possible hypothyroidism or autoantibodies positive [odds ratio 0.716 (95% confidence interval 0.399-1.284)] (p = 0.262). We did not perform multivariable analysis for hyperthyroidism due to the limited number of cases. CONCLUSION: Significant adverse effects of stable iodine intake on thyroid function were not observed among children and adolescents 7 years after the Fukushima Nuclear Disaster.


Assuntos
Acidente Nuclear de Fukushima , Iodo/administração & dosagem , Estado Nutricional , Exposição à Radiação/efeitos adversos , Doenças da Glândula Tireoide/prevenção & controle , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Prognóstico , Doenças da Glândula Tireoide/etiologia , Adulto Jovem
9.
Ann ICRP ; 49(1_suppl): 57-67, 2020 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32734762

RESUMO

Fundamental estimates of radon-associated health risk have been provided by epidemiological studies of miners. In total, approximately 15 studies have been conducted worldwide since the 1960s. These results have contributed directly to radiological protection against radon. The present article summarises the main results, with a focus on analyses of miners exposed more recently, estimates of radon lifetime attributable risk, and interaction between radon and smoking. The potential for the upcoming Pooled Uranium Miner Analysis project to further improve our knowledge is discussed.


Assuntos
Carcinógenos Ambientais/efeitos adversos , Exposição à Radiação/prevenção & controle , Proteção Radiológica/estatística & dados numéricos , Radônio/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Mineração , Proteção Radiológica/normas
10.
Occup Med (Lond) ; 70(7): 476-484, 2020 Oct 27.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32756890

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Medical workers are the largest group of workers occupationally exposed to low doses of ionizing radiation (IR) worldwide. AIMS: This review presents all the cohorts of medical workers exposed in the world and summarizes cancer risks associated with radiation exposure in this population. METHODS: Epidemiological studies on health professionals exposed to IR published from 1975 to 2019 were reviewed. Strength of evidence was assessed according to the modified Royal College of General Practitioners three-star system. RESULTS: Among the 16 epidemiological studies focusing on cancers from 11 cohorts among medical staff exposed to radiation, higher risks of cancer were observed for pre-1950 exposure and for medical workers who performed fluoroscopically guided interventional procedures or radionuclides procedures compared to those who did not. However, strength of evidence supporting the associations remains moderate as several methodological limits including the lack of dosimetry data, lifestyle factors and recent updates may obscure the link between medical occupational exposure and cancer occurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Excess risk of cancer is suspected for high and former exposures. The more highly exposed professions, i.e. interventional physicians and nuclear medicine workers, should be monitored carefully. Collaborative projects aiming to increase the quantity and quality of information of the studied populations would be a key point.


Assuntos
Pessoal de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Neoplasias/epidemiologia , Exposição Ocupacional/efeitos adversos , Exposição à Radiação/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Neoplasias/etiologia , Doses de Radiação , Exposição à Radiação/análise , Radiação Ionizante
11.
Radiat Prot Dosimetry ; 177(1-2): 69-77, 2017 Nov 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29036475

RESUMO

Exposure to radon is a well-established cause of lung cancer in the general population. The aim of the present work is to identify and summarize the results of studies that have assessed the risk of lung cancer due to indoor radon, based on a systematic review of relevant published studies. Sixteen studies from 12 different countries met eligibility criteria. Large differences in radon concentrations were noted between and within individual countries, and variety of risk models used to estimate the attributable fraction. Calculating again the attributable fraction in each of these studies using the same model (coefficient of 16% per 100 becquerels per cubic meter (Bq/m3) derived from the European residential radon study), the new attributable fraction of these selected studies ranged from 3% to 17%. Radon remains a public health concern. Information about radon health risks is important and efforts are needed to decrease the associated health problems.


Assuntos
Poluentes Radioativos do Ar/análise , Poluição do Ar em Ambientes Fechados/análise , Exposição Ambiental/efeitos adversos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/etiologia , Neoplasias Induzidas por Radiação/etiologia , Radônio/análise , Medição de Risco , Exposição Ambiental/análise , Habitação , Humanos , Fatores de Risco
12.
Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique ; 64(4): 237-46, 2016 Sep.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27594696

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: At the request of French public authorities, the Institute of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety has assessed the radiological situation of a house built on uranium ore residues in Haute-Vienne and the health risks induced from exposure to radon for all occupants. Classified as a lung carcinogen by the World Health Organization, radon is a proven cause of lung cancer in case of regular inhalation over a long period, and the risk increases with cumulative exposure. METHODS: Radon exposure was reconstructed for various standard profiles of house occupancy. A risk model derived from a European epidemiological study was used to calculate the lifetime probability of death from lung cancer according to these standard profiles. RESULTS: Risk assessment of the occupants of the house highlighted the following main findings. For a resident school child having been exposed to radon from birth to the age of 7, the lifetime relative risk (LRR) was estimated at 5. For last adult and young adult residents having lived more than 10years in the house, the probability of death from lung cancer was in the same order of magnitude as that of a regular cigarette smoker, with a LRR from 10 to 13 and a lifetime probability of death from lung cancer between 3 and 4%. If these individuals smoked regularly, in addition to being exposed to radon, this probability would be between 6 and 32% (supposing an additive or multiplicative interaction). CONCLUSION: For former occupants (non-smokers) having been exposed 10years during childhood, the LRR was two-fold lower. For children having been in day care in the house, the increased probability of death from lung cancer was low, with a LRR lower than 2. Supposing, as in adults, that the risk decreases beyond 30years after the end of radon exposure, the increase was almost zero for former occupants exposed during childhood and during day care, with a LRR close to 1.


Assuntos
Exposição Ambiental/análise , Habitação , Radônio/toxicidade , Urânio/toxicidade , Exposição Ambiental/estatística & dados numéricos , Habitação/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/etiologia , Neoplasias Induzidas por Radiação/epidemiologia , Doenças Profissionais/epidemiologia , Doenças Profissionais/etiologia , Exposição Ocupacional/estatística & dados numéricos , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Fatores de Tempo , Urânio/química
13.
Int Arch Occup Environ Health ; 89(8): 1183-1191, 2016 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27383840

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: French nuclear workers have detailed records of their occupational exposure to external radiation that have been used to examine associations with subsequent cancer mortality. However, some workers were also exposed to internal contamination by radionuclides. This study aims to assess the potential for bias due to confounding by internal contamination of estimates of associations between external radiation exposure and cancer mortality. METHODS: A cohort of 59,004 workers employed for at least 1 year between 1950 and 1994 by CEA (Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique), AREVA NC, or EDF (Electricité de France) and badge-monitored for external radiation exposure were followed through 2004 to assess vital status and cause of death. A flag based on a workstation-exposure matrix defined four levels of potential for internal contamination. Standardized mortality ratios were assessed for each level of the internal contamination indicator. Poisson regression was used to quantify associations between external radiation exposure and cancer mortality, adjusting for potential internal contamination. RESULTS: For solid cancer, the mortality deficit tended to decrease as the levels of potential for internal contamination increased. For solid cancer and leukemia excluding chronic lymphocytic leukemia, adjusting the dose-response analysis on the internal contamination indicator did not markedly change the excess relative risk per Sievert of external radiation dose. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that in this cohort, neglecting information on internal dosimetry while studying the association between external dose and cancer mortality does not generate a substantial bias. To investigate more specifically the health effects of internal contamination, an effort is underway to estimate organ doses due to internal contamination.


Assuntos
Neoplasias Induzidas por Radiação/mortalidade , Centrais Nucleares , Doenças Profissionais/mortalidade , Exposição Ocupacional/análise , Exposição à Radiação/análise , Adulto , Estudos de Coortes , Relação Dose-Resposta à Radiação , Feminino , Seguimentos , França , Humanos , Leucemia Induzida por Radiação/etiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias Induzidas por Radiação/etiologia , Doenças Profissionais/etiologia , Exposição Ocupacional/efeitos adversos , Distribuição de Poisson , Exposição à Radiação/efeitos adversos , Radiometria/métodos , Análise de Regressão
14.
J Radiol Prot ; 36(1): N1-7, 2016 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26878249

RESUMO

To investigate the role of cancer predisposing factors (PFs) on the associations between paediatric computed tomography (CT) scan exposures and subsequent risk of central nervous system (CNS) tumours and leukaemia. A cohort of children who underwent a CT scan in 2000-2010 in 23 French radiology departments was linked with the national childhood cancers registry and national vital status registry; information on PFs was retrieved through hospital discharge databases. In children without PF, hazard ratios of 1.07 (95% CI 0.99-1.10) for CNS tumours (15 cases) and 1.16 (95% CI 0.77-1.27) for leukaemia (12 cases) were estimated for each 10 mGy increment in CT x-rays organ doses. These estimates were similar to those obtained in the whole cohort. In children with PFs, no positive dose-risk association was observed, possibly related to earlier non-cancer mortality in this group. Our results suggest a modifying effect of PFs on CT-related cancer risks, but need to be confirmed by longer follow-up and other studies.


Assuntos
Neoplasias do Sistema Nervoso Central/etiologia , Leucemia Induzida por Radiação/etiologia , Neoplasias Induzidas por Radiação/etiologia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/efeitos adversos , Neoplasias do Sistema Nervoso Central/mortalidade , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Leucemia Induzida por Radiação/mortalidade , Masculino , Neoplasias Induzidas por Radiação/mortalidade , Risco
16.
Radiat Prot Dosimetry ; 165(1-4): 13-6, 2015 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25833897

RESUMO

Cardiac catheterisation has become an essential tool in the diagnosis and treatment of children with a wide variety of congenital and acquired forms of cardiovascular disease. Despite the clear clinical benefit to the patient, radiation exposure from paediatric cardiac catheterisation procedures (CCPs) may be substantial. Given children's greater sensitivity to radiation and the longer life span during which radiation health effects can develop, an epidemiological cohort study, named Coccinelle or 'Ladybird' (French acronym for 'Cohorte sur le risque de cancer après cardiologie interventionnelle pédiatrique'), is carried out in France to evaluate the risks of leukaemia and solid cancers in this population. A total number of 8000 included children are expected. Individual CCP-related doses will be assessed for each child included in the cohort. For each CCP performed, dosimetric parameters (dose-area product, fluoroscopy time and total number of cine frames) are retrieved retrospectively. Organ doses, especially to the lung, the oesophagus and the thyroid, are calculated with PCXMC software. The cohort will be followed up through linkage with French paediatric cancer registries.


Assuntos
Cateterismo Cardíaco/estatística & dados numéricos , Neoplasias Induzidas por Radiação/epidemiologia , Exposição à Radiação/estatística & dados numéricos , Radiografia Intervencionista/estatística & dados numéricos , Sistema de Registros , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , França/epidemiologia , Humanos , Incidência , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Doses de Radiação , Monitoramento de Radiação/estatística & dados numéricos , Projetos de Pesquisa , Medição de Risco/métodos , Fatores de Risco
17.
Int Arch Occup Environ Health ; 88(6): 717-30, 2015 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25410273

RESUMO

PURPOSE: The objectives are to analyze mortality risks in the extended follow-up of the French uranium miners' cohort and to examine their potential relation to occupational exposure to ionizing radiation (IR). METHODS: The total cohort includes 5,086 uranium miners employed in the CEA-COGEMA group and followed up from 1946 to 2007. Vital status, causes of death, and cumulative radon exposures were recorded. The post-55 subcohort includes 3,377 miners first employed after 1955, for whom long-lived radionuclides (LLR) and external gamma-ray exposure were also recorded. External mortality analyses were performed by computing standardized mortality ratios (SMR). Excess relative risks (ERRs) due to IR exposures were estimated from Poisson regression models. RESULTS: The miners included in the total cohort were followed up for 35.4 years and exposed to 36.6 working level months (WLM) on average. There was no evidence of a difference in overall mortality between miners and the general French male population. Miners had a statistically significant excess mortality rate from lung cancer (SMR = 1.34 [95% CI 1.16-1.53]) and from kidney cancer (SMR = 1.60 [1.03-2.39]). Cumulative radon exposure was significantly associated with lung cancer risk (ERR/100 WLM = 0.71 [0.31-1.30]) and cerebrovascular risk (ERR/100 WLM = 0.41 [0.04-1.03]). In the post-55 subcohort, this excess mortality from lung cancer remained associated with exposure to radon, and also with exposure to LLR and external gamma rays. CONCLUSIONS: The analyses in the extended follow-up strengthen the results previously observed among French uranium miners about their excess risk of mortality and its association with their occupational IR exposure.


Assuntos
Mineração/estatística & dados numéricos , Doenças Profissionais/mortalidade , Exposição Ocupacional/efeitos adversos , Exposição à Radiação/efeitos adversos , Lesões por Radiação/mortalidade , Urânio , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , França/epidemiologia , Humanos , Neoplasias Renais/etiologia , Neoplasias Renais/mortalidade , Neoplasias Pulmonares/etiologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/mortalidade , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doenças Profissionais/etiologia , Lesões por Radiação/etiologia , Radiação Ionizante , Estudos Retrospectivos , Adulto Jovem
18.
Int Arch Occup Environ Health ; 88(4): 431-41, 2015 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25135844

RESUMO

PURPOSE: To examine exposure-response relationships between ionizing radiation and several mortality outcomes in a subgroup of 4,054 men of the German uranium miner cohort study, who worked between 1946 and 1989 in milling facilities, but never underground or in open pit mines. METHODS: Mortality follow-up was from 1946 to 2008, accumulating 158,383 person-years at risk. Cumulative exposure to radon progeny in working level months (WLM) (mean = 8, max = 127), long-lived radionuclides from uranium ore dust in kBqh/m(3) (mean = 3.9, max = 132), external gamma radiation in mSv (mean = 26, max = 667) and silica dust was estimated by a comprehensive job-exposure matrix. Internal Poisson regression models were applied to estimate the linear excess relative risk (ERR) per unit of cumulative exposure. RESULTS: Overall, a total of 457, 717 and 111 deaths occurred from malignant cancer, cardiovascular diseases and non-malignant respiratory diseases, respectively. Uranium ore dust and silica dust were not associated with mortality from any of these disease groups. A statistically significant relationship between cumulative radon exposure and mortality from all cancers (ERR/100 WLM = 1.71; p = 0.02), primarily due to lung cancer (n = 159; ERR/100 WLM = 3.39; p = 0.05), was found. With respect to cumulative external gamma radiation, an excess of mortality of solid cancers (n = 434; ERR/Sv = 1.86; p = 0.06), primarily due to stomach cancer (n = 49, ERR/Sv = 10.0; p = 0.12), was present. CONCLUSION: The present findings show an excess mortality from lung cancer due to radon exposure and from solid cancers due to external gamma radiation in uranium millers that was not statistically significant. Exposure to uranium was not associated with any cause of death, but absorbed organ doses were estimated to be low.


Assuntos
Mineração/estatística & dados numéricos , Doenças Profissionais/mortalidade , Exposição Ocupacional/efeitos adversos , Exposição à Radiação/efeitos adversos , Urânio/toxicidade , Doenças Cardiovasculares/mortalidade , Causas de Morte , Estudos de Coortes , Poeira , Raios gama/efeitos adversos , Alemanha/epidemiologia , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/mortalidade , Masculino , Neoplasias Induzidas por Radiação/mortalidade , Distribuição de Poisson , Radônio/toxicidade , Risco
19.
Br J Cancer ; 112(1): 185-93, 2015 Jan 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25314057

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Recent epidemiological results suggested an increase of cancer risk after receiving computed tomography (CT) scans in childhood or adolescence. Their interpretation is questioned due to the lack of information about the reasons for examination. Our objective was to estimate the cancer risk related to childhood CT scans, and examine how cancer-predisposing factors (PFs) affect assessment of the radiation-related risk. METHODS: The cohort included 67,274 children who had a first scan before the age of 10 years from 2000 to 2010 in 23 French departments. Cumulative X-rays doses were estimated from radiology protocols. Cancer incidence was retrieved through the national registry of childhood cancers; PF from discharge diagnoses. RESULTS: During a mean follow-up of 4 years, 27 cases of tumours of the central nervous system, 25 of leukaemia and 21 of lymphoma were diagnosed; 32% of them among children with PF. Specific patterns of CT exposures were observed according to PFs. Adjustment for PF reduced the excess risk estimates related to cumulative doses from CT scans. No significant excess risk was observed in relation to CT exposures. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that the indication for examinations, whether suspected cancer or PF management, should be considered to avoid overestimation of the cancer risks associated with CT scans.


Assuntos
Neoplasias/epidemiologia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/estatística & dados numéricos , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , França/epidemiologia , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Medição de Risco
20.
Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique ; 62(6): 339-50, 2014 Dec.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25454748

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: This article presents the mortality data compiled among a cohort of workers at risk of internal uranium exposure and discusses the extent to which this exposure might differentiate them from other nuclear workers. METHODS: The cohort consisted of 2897 Areva-NC-Pierrelatte plant workers, followed from 1st January 1968 through 31st December 2006 (79,892 person-years). Mortality was compared with that of the French population, by calculating Standardized Mortality Ratios (SMR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI95%). External radiation exposure was reconstructed using external dosimetry archives. Internal uranium exposure was assessed using a plant-specific job-exposure-matrix, considering six types of uranium compounds according to their nature (natural and reprocessed uranium [RPU] and solubility [fast-F, moderate-M, and slow-S]). Exposure-effect analyses were performed for causes of death known to be related to external radiation exposure (all cancers and circulatory system diseases) and cancer of uranium target-organs (lung and hematopoietic and lymphatic tissues, HLT). RESULTS: A significant deficit of mortality from all causes (SMR=0.58; CI95% [0.53-0.63]), all cancers (SMR=0.72; CI95% [0.63-0.82]) and smoking related cancers was observed. Non-significant 30%-higher increase of mortality was observed for cancer of pleura (SMR=2.32; CI95 % [0.75-5.41]), rectum and HLT, notably non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (SMR=1.38; CI95 % [0.63-2.61]) and chronic lymphoid leukemia (SMR=2.36; CI95% [0.64-6.03]). No exposure-effect relationship was found with external radiation cumulative dose. A significant exposure-effect relationship was observed for slowly soluble uranium, particularly RPU, which was associated with an increase in mortality risk reaching 8 to 16% per unit of cumulative exposure score and 10 to 15% per year of exposure duration. CONCLUSION: The Areva-NC-Pierrelatte workers cohort presents a non-significant over-mortality from HLT cancers, notably of lymphoid origin, unrelated to external radiation exposure. The pilot study suggests an association between mortality from the HLT and lung cancers and exposure to slowly soluble RPU compounds. The results of this study should be investigated further in more powerful studies, with a dose-response analysis based on individual assessment of uranium absorbed dose to uranium-target organs.


Assuntos
Centrais Nucleares , Doenças Profissionais/mortalidade , Exposição Ocupacional/estatística & dados numéricos , Exposição à Radiação/estatística & dados numéricos , Urânio/toxicidade , Adulto , Idoso , Doença Crônica , Estudos de Coortes , Ingestão de Alimentos , Feminino , França/epidemiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Projetos Piloto , Doses de Radiação , Adulto Jovem
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