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BACKGROUND: Cost analyses of patients undergoing esophagectomy is valuable for identifying modifiable expenditure drivers to target and curtail costs while improving the quality of care. We aimed to define the cost-complication relationship after esophagectomy and delineate the incremental contributions to costs. AIM: To assess the relationship between the hospital costs and potential cost drivers post esophagectomy and investigate the relationship between the cost-driving variables (predicting variables) and hospital costs (dependent variable). METHODS: In this retrospective single center study, the severity of complications was graded using the Clavien-Dindo (CD) classification system. Key esophagectomy complications were categorized and defined according to consensus guidelines. Raw costing data included the in-hospital costs of the index admission and any unplanned admission within 30 postoperative days. We used correlation analysis to assess the relationship between key clinical variables and hospital costs (in United States dollars) to identify cost drivers. A mediation model was used to investigate the relationship between these variables and hospital costs. RESULTS: A total of 110 patients underwent primary esophageal resection. The median admission cost was $47822.7 (interquartile range: 35670.2-68214.0). The total effects on costs were $13593.9 (95%CI: 10187.1-17000.8, P < 0.001) for each increase in CD severity grade, $4781 (95%CI: 3772.7-5789.3, P < 0.001) for each increase in the number of complications, and $42552.2 (95%CI: 8309-76795.4, P = 0.015) if a key esophagectomy complication developed. Key esophagectomy complications drove the costs directly by $11415.7 (95%CI: 992.5-21838.9, P = 0.032). CONCLUSION: The severity and number of complications, and the development of key esophagectomy complications significantly contributed to total hospital costs. Continuous institutional initiatives and strategies are needed to enhance patient outcomes and minimize costs.
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OBJECTIVE: To review a 3-year case series of endoscopic butterfly inlay cartilage myringoplasty performed by a single surgeon (W.S.K.) and analyze the clinical surgical outcomes. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: Tertiary care academic center. PATIENTS: We enrolled 60 ears with tympanic membrane (TM) perforation, receiving endoscopic inlay butterfly myringoplasty between 2019 and 2022. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: We reviewed patients' demographics, size and location of TM perforation, operation time, complications, and postoperative pain evaluated by the numerical rating scale (NRS). We analyzed the graft uptake success rate in 5 weeks and the perforation closure rate in 4 months after surgery. We also compared the air-bone gap (ABG) before and after the surgery. RESULTS: Among the 60 ears included, the mean age was 57.0 years, and 78.3% (47 of 60) had small perforations. The average operation time was 48.9 ± 11.5 minutes, and the postoperative NRS was 2.0 ± 1.6. The immediate graft uptake success rate evaluated at postoperative 5 weeks was 96.7% (58 of 60), with myringitis occurring in three ears. Except for 11 patients lost to follow-up, the perforation closure rate evaluated at postoperative 4 months was 100% (49 of 49). The mean ABG significantly improved from preoperative status (8.87 ± 5.51 dB HL) to postoperative 4 months (6.22 ± 6.03 dB HL) ( p = 0.019). CONCLUSIONS: A single surgeon's success rate for endoscopic butterfly inlay cartilage myringoplasty was almost 100%. This surgical procedure is safe and effective, with a high graft success rate.
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Endoscopia , Miringoplastia , Perfuração da Membrana Timpânica , Humanos , Perfuração da Membrana Timpânica/cirurgia , Miringoplastia/métodos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Endoscopia/métodos , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto , Idoso , Cartilagem/transplanteRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Surgery is the primary treatment for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but microscopic residual disease may be unavoidable. Preclinical studies have shown that volatile anesthetics might suppress host immunity and promote a pro-malignant environment that supports cancer cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis, whereas propofol may preserve cell-mediated immunity and inhibit tumor angiogenesis. However, clinical evidence that propofol-based total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) can reduce tumor recurrence after curative resection remains inconsistent due to the retrospective observational nature of previous studies. Therefore, we will test the hypothesis that the recurrence-free survival (RFS) after curative resection of NSCLC is higher in patients who received TIVA than volatile anesthetics (GAS) in this multicenter randomized trial. METHODS: This double-blind, randomized trial will enroll patients at 22 international sites, subject to study registration, institutional review board approval, and patient written informed consent. Eligible patients are adult patients undergoing lung resection surgery with curative intent for NSCLC. Exclusion criteria will be contraindications to study drugs, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status IV or higher, or preexisting distant metastasis or malignant tumor in other organs. At each study site, enrolled subjects will be randomly allocated into the TIVA and GAS groups with a 1:1 ratio. This pragmatic trial does not standardize any aspect of patient care. However, potential confounders will be balanced between the study arms. The primary outcome will be RFS. Secondary outcomes will be overall survival and complications within postoperative 7 days. Enrollment of 5384 patients will provide 80% power to detect a 3% treatment effect (hazard ratio of 0.83) at alpha 0.05 for RFS at 3 years. DISCUSSION: Confirmation of the study hypothesis would demonstrate that a relatively minor and low-cost alteration in anesthetic management has the potential to reduce cancer recurrence risk in NSCLC, an ultimately fatal complication. Rejection of the hypothesis would end the ongoing debate about the relationship between cancer recurrence and anesthetic management. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The study protocol was prospectively registered at the Clinical trials ( https://clinicaltrials.gov , NCT06330038, principal investigator: Hyun Joo Ahn; date of first public release: March 25, 2024) before the recruitment of the first participant.
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Background: Double-lumen endotracheal tubes (DLT) are essential for one-lung ventilation during thoracic surgery. Bronchoscopy is crucial for correct placement of a DLT to avoid complications such as hypoxemia. This study evaluated the effectiveness of the triple-cuffed DLT (tcDLT) in the supine and lateral positions for correct placement without bronchoscopic guidance. Methods: This prospective observational study included 167 patients scheduled for elective thoracic surgery requiring one-lung ventilation. The incidence of successful placement of left-sided tcDLTs was compared between the supine and lateral decubitus positions under bronchoscopic surveillance. Successful tcDLT placement was defined as the placement of the proximal end of the bronchial cuff within 5 mm of the carina. Results: Among 153 patients who completed the study, the successful tcDLT placement rate in the lateral position (70.6%) was significantly higher than that in the supine position (50.3%). The rate of difference was 20.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 10.6-29.9%). The extended successful placement rate, including slightly deeper placements, showed no significant differences between the positions (88.9%; 95% CI, 83.9â93.9% in supine, 86.3%; 95% CI, 80.8â91.7% in lateral). Conclusions: tcDLT facilitates correct tube placement in both the supine and lateral positions, with a higher lateral success rate. This finding supports the idea that tcDLTs offer a reliable alternative for lung separation when bronchoscopy is not feasible.
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BACKGROUND: An optimal pharmacological strategy for fast-track cardiac anesthesia (FTCA) is unclear. This study evaluated the effectiveness and safety of an FTCA program using methadone and non-opioid adjuvant infusions (magnesium, ketamine, lidocaine, and dexmedetomidine) in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. METHODS: This retrospective, multicenter observational study was conducted across private and public teaching sectors. We studied patients managed by a fast-track protocol or via usual care according to clinician preference. The primary outcome was the total mechanical ventilation time in hours adjusted for hospital, body mass index, category of surgical urgency, cardiopulmonary bypass time and EuroSCORE II. Secondary outcomes included successful extubation within four postoperative hours, postoperative pain scores, postoperative opioid requirements, and the development of postoperative complications. RESULTS: We included 87 patients in the fast-track group and 88 patients in the usual care group. Fast-track patients had a 35% reduction in total ventilation hours compared with usual care patients (p = 0.007). Thirty-five (40.2%) fast-track patients were extubated within four hours compared to 10 (11.4%) usual-care patients (odds ratio: 5.2 [95% CI: 2.39-11.08; p < 0.001]). Over 24 h, fast-track patients had less severe pain (p < 0.001) and required less intravenous morphine equivalent (22.00 mg [15.75:32.50] vs. 38.75 mg [20.50:81.75]; p < 0.001). There were no significant differences observed in postoperative complications or length of hospital stay between the groups. CONCLUSION: Implementing an FTCA protocol using methadone, dexmedetomidine, magnesium, ketamine, lignocaine, and remifentanil together with protocolized weaning from a mechanical ventilation protocol is associated with significantly reduced time to tracheal extubation, improved postoperative analgesia, and reduced opioid use without any adverse safety events. A prospective randomized trial is warranted to further investigate the combined effects of these medications in reducing complications and length of stay in FTCA. TRIALS REGISTRATION: The study protocol was registered in the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ( https://www.anzctr.org.au/ACTRN12623000060640.aspx , retrospectively registered on 17/01/2023).
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Ponte de Artéria Coronária , Dexmedetomidina , Ketamina , Lidocaína , Metadona , Dor Pós-Operatória , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Ponte de Artéria Coronária/métodos , Ponte de Artéria Coronária/efeitos adversos , Metadona/uso terapêutico , Metadona/administração & dosagem , Dexmedetomidina/administração & dosagem , Dexmedetomidina/uso terapêutico , Ketamina/administração & dosagem , Ketamina/uso terapêutico , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Dor Pós-Operatória/tratamento farmacológico , Dor Pós-Operatória/prevenção & controle , Lidocaína/administração & dosagem , Lidocaína/uso terapêutico , Magnésio/administração & dosagem , Analgésicos Opioides/uso terapêutico , Analgésicos Opioides/administração & dosagem , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Although the use of mesh reinforcement during large hiatal hernia repair may reduce the rate of recurrence, various mesh-related complications have been reported. A 65-year-old woman presented with dysphagia. The patient was diagnosed with a large hiatal hernia and treated with laparoscopic fundoplication and Collis gastroplasty with mesh repair. Six months after surgery, the patient presented with dysphagia and vomiting. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy showed migration of mesh material into the esophagogastric junction. We performed a proximal gastrectomy with mesh removal. The patient was discharged without any postoperative complications. Herein, we encountered a rare case requiring surgical treatment to resolve mesh-induced esophagogastric perforation after hiatal hernia repair. Mesh-associated complications, such as erosion or migration, should be considered as they may be more common than previously reported. Additionally, these complications are currently underscored in clinical practice. Regarding mesh applications, symptoms of mesh-related complications, such as dysphagia, should be carefully monitored for early detection.
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Background: The concept of a "textbook outcome" is emerging as a metric for ideal surgical outcomes. We aimed to evaluate the impact of an advanced haemodynamic monitoring (AHDM) algorithm on achieving a textbook outcome in patients undergoing hepatobiliary-pancreatic surgery. Methods: This retrospective, multicentre observational study was conducted across private and public teaching sectors in Victoria, Australia. We studied patients managed by a patient-specific, surgery-specific haemodynamic algorithm or via usual care. The primary outcome was the effect of using a patient-specific, surgery-specific AHDM algorithm for achieving a textbook outcome, with adjustment using propensity score matching. The textbook outcome criteria were defined according to the International Expert Delphi Consensus on Defining Textbook Outcome in Liver Surgery and Nationwide Analysis of a Novel Quality Measure in Pancreatic Surgery. Results: Of the 780 weighted cases, 477 (61.2%, 95% CI: 57.7%-64.6%) achieved the textbook outcome. Patients in the AHDM group had a higher rate of textbook outcomes [n = 259 (67.8%)] than those in the Usual care group [n = 218 (54.8%); p < 0.001, estimated odds ratio (95% CI) 1.74 (1.30-2.33)]. The AHDM group had a lower rate of surgery-specific complications, severe complications, and a shorter hospital length of stay (LOS) [OR 2.34 (95% CI: 1.30-4.21), 1.79 (95% CI: 1.12-2.85), and 1.83 (95% CI: 1.35-2.46), respectively]. There was no significant difference between the groups for hospital readmission and mortality. Conclusions: AHDM use was associated with improved outcomes, supporting its integration in hepatobiliary-pancreatic surgery. Prospective trials are warranted to further evaluate the impact of this AHDM algorithm on achieving a textbook impact on long-term outcomes.
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INTRODUCTION: Extrapleural pneumonectomy (EPP) and extended pleurectomy/decortication (ePD) are surgical cytoreductive techniques aimed at achieving macroscopic resection in malignant pleural tumours such as pleural mesothelioma, non-mesothelioma pleural malignancies such as thymoma and sarcoma, and rarely for pleural tuberculosis, in a more limited fashion. Despite extensive studies on both surgical techniques and consequences, a significant knowledge gap remains regarding how best to approach the perioperative anaesthesia challenges for EPP and ePD.It is unknown if the risk stratification processes for such surgeries are standardised or what types of functional and dynamic cardiac and pulmonary tests are employed preoperatively to assist in the perioperative risk stratification. Further, it is unknown whether the types of anaesthesia and analgesia techniques employed, and the types of haemodynamic monitoring tools used, impact on outcomes. It is also unknown whether individualised haemodynamic protocols are used to guide the rational use of fluids, vasoactive drugs and inotropes.Finally, there is a dearth of evidence regarding how best to monitor these patients postoperatively or what the most effective enhanced recovery protocols are to best mitigate postoperative complications and accelerate hospital discharge. To increase our knowledge of the perioperative and anaesthetic treatment for patients undergoing EPP/ePD, this scoping review attempts to synthesise the literature and identify these knowledge gaps. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This scoping review will be conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Extension for Scoping Review Protocols methodology. Electronic databases, OVID Medline, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library, will be systematically searched for relevant literature corresponding to EPP or ePD and perioperative or anaesthetic management. Data will be analysed and summarised descriptively and organised according to the three perioperative stages: preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative factors in clinical care. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethics approval was not required. The findings will be disseminated through professional networks, conference presentations and publications in scientific journals.
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Anestesia , Assistência Perioperatória , Pleura , Pneumonectomia , Humanos , Pneumonectomia/métodos , Anestesia/métodos , Pleura/cirurgia , Assistência Perioperatória/métodos , Neoplasias Pleurais/cirurgia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/prevenção & controleRESUMO
PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate changes in intraocular pressure following intravitreal dexamethasone implant injection, specifically in patients undergoing glaucoma filtration surgery. METHODS: The degree of increase in intraocular pressure was compared retrospectively among three groups. Group 1 comprised patients who underwent prior glaucoma filtration surgery (54 eyes). Group 2 included patients with or suspected glaucoma without such surgical history (20 eyes). Group 3 included patients without glaucoma (33 eyes). Pressure measurements were taken before the injection and at 1, 2, 3, and 6 months post-injection. A subgroup analysis was performed for pressure > 35 mmHg, > 30 mmHg, > 25 mmHg, and a difference > 10 mmHg between the peak and baseline pressure. RESULTS: Group 1 consistently displayed lower pressures compared with Group 2, with significant difference at both 1- and 6-month post-injections (15.09 mmHg vs. 18.10 mmHg, P = 0.042 and 13.91 mg vs. 17.25 mmHg, P = 0.040). The proportion of patients in Group 1 and Group 3 with pressures > 25 mmHg, > 30 mmHg, and a difference > 10 mmHg did not significantly differ (15.6% vs. 9.5%, P = 0.231; 3.1% vs. 2.3%, P = 0.867; and 17.1% vs. 7.1%, P = 0.231). Notably, Group 2 exhibited a significantly higher proportion within each category (> 25 mmHg, 24.0%; > 30 mmHg, 20.0%; > 10 mmHg difference, 28.0%). CONCLUSION: Intravitreal dexamethasone implant did not increase the risk of elevated intraocular pressure in patients with a history of glaucoma filtration surgery compared with patients with suspected glaucoma; the risk was similar to those without glaucoma.
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Dexametasona , Implantes de Medicamento , Cirurgia Filtrante , Glaucoma , Glucocorticoides , Pressão Intraocular , Injeções Intravítreas , Humanos , Dexametasona/administração & dosagem , Pressão Intraocular/fisiologia , Pressão Intraocular/efeitos dos fármacos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Glucocorticoides/administração & dosagem , Feminino , Masculino , Idoso , Cirurgia Filtrante/métodos , Glaucoma/cirurgia , Glaucoma/fisiopatologia , Seguimentos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Tonometria Ocular , Acuidade VisualRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Ultrafiltration (UF) would enhance coagulation profiles by concentrating coagulation elements during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) for cardiac surgery. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed electronic medical records of 75 patients who had undergone cardiac surgery with rotational thromboelastometry-based coagulation management in a university hospital and analyzed the UF-induced changes in the maximum clot firmness (MCF) of extrinsically activated test with tissue factor (EXTEM) during CPB in 30 patients. RESULTS: The median volume of filtered-free water was 1,350 ml, and median hematocrit was significantly increased from 22.5% to 25.5%. As the primary measure, UF significantly increased the median MCF-EXTEM from 48.0 mm to 50.5 mm (P = 0.015, effect size r = 0.44). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve pre-UF MCF-EXTEM for discrimination of any increase of MCF-EXTEM after applying UF was 0.89 (95% CI [0.77, 1.00], P < 0.001), and its cut-off value was 50.5 mm (specificity of 81.8% and sensitivity of 84.2% in Youden's J statistic). In the secondary analyses using the cut-off value, UF significantly increased the median MCF-EXTEM from 40.5 mm to 42.5 mm in 18 patients with pre-UF MCF-EXTEM ≤ 50.5 mm. However, it did not increase MCF-EXTEM in 12 patients with pre-UF MCF-EXTEM > 50.5 mm. There was a significant interaction between pre-UF MCF-EXTEM values and applying UF (P < 0.001 for the subgroup, P = 0.046 for UF, P = 0.003 for interaction). CONCLUSIONS: Applying UF improved clot firmness, and the improvement was more pronounced when pre-UF MCF-EXTEM had been reduced during CPB.
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Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos , Ponte Cardiopulmonar , Humanos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Ultrafiltração , Coagulação SanguíneaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the long-term educational and occupational status of prelingually bilateral deaf children who received a cochlear implant (CI) before the age of 7, and to identify factors that influence these outcomes. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective chart review. SETTING: Single tertiary care center. METHODS: Seventy-one children who underwent CI surgery from 2000 to 2007 were included. The latest education and occupation status and word recognition score (WRS) were analyzed. RESULTS: The mean age at the time of surgery and the current age was 3.9 and 22.4 years. The age at CI showed a negative correlation with WRS. All subjects had graduated from high school or obtained an equivalent educational qualification. General high school graduates showed a higher WRS than those who attended a special education high school. The college entrance rate of CI patients (74.6% %) was comparable to that of the general population (72.5%). Subjects who went to college had a significantly better WRS than those who did not (51.4% vs 19.3%). Excluding 30 subjects currently enrolled in college, 26 (62%) of the remaining 41 were currently employed and engaged in various vocational activities, of which most (21 out of 26, 81%) were employed through vocational training institutes, or via special recruitment policy for the disabled. CONCLUSION: The long-term use of CI in prelingually deaf children enables not only speech perception but also produces comparable levels of education and employment to those of the general population. A good WRS and supportive policy were related to these successful outcomes.
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Implante Coclear , Implantes Cocleares , Surdez , Percepção da Fala , Criança , Humanos , Pré-Escolar , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Estudos Retrospectivos , Surdez/cirurgia , Surdez/reabilitação , EmpregoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Textbook outcomes is a composite quality assurance tool assessing the ideal perioperative and postoperative course as a unified measure. Currently, its definition and application in the context of oesophagectomy in Australia is unknown. The aim of this study was to assess the textbook outcomes after oesophagectomy in a single referral centre of Australia and investigate the association between textbook outcomes and patient, tumour, and treatment characteristics. METHODS: An observational study was retrospectively performed on patients undergoing open, laparoscopic, or hybrid oesophagectomy between January 2010 and December 2019 in a single cancer referral centre. A textbook outcome was defined as the fulfillment of 10 criteria: R0 resection, retrieval of at least 15 lymph nodes, no intraoperative complications, no postoperative complications greater than Clavien-Dindo grade III, no anastomotic leak, no readmission to the ICU, no hospital stay beyond 21 days, no mortality within 90 days, no readmission related to the surgical procedure within 30 days from admission and no reintervention related to the surgical procedure. The proportion of patients who met each criterion for textbook outcome was calculated and compared. Selected patient-related parameters (age, gender, BMI, ASA score, CCI score), tumour-related factors (tumour location, tumour histology, AJCC clinical T and N stage and treatment-related factor [neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgical approach]) were assessed. Disease recurrence and one year survival were also evaluated. RESULTS: 110 patients who underwent oesophagectomy were included. The overall textbook outcome rate was 24%. The difference in rates across the years was not statistically significant. The most achieved textbook outcome parameters were 'no mortality in 90 days' (96%) and 'R0 resection' (89%). The least frequently met textbook outcome parameter was 'no severe postoperative complications' (58%), followed by 'no hospital stays over 21 days' (61%). No significant association was found between patient, tumour and treatment characteristics and the rate of textbook outcome. Tumour recurrence rate and overall long term survival was similar between textbook outcome and non-textbook outcome groups. Patients with R0 resection, no intraoperative complication and a hospital stay less than 21 days had reduced mortality rates. CONCLUSIONS: Textbook outcome is a clinically relevant indicator and was achieved in 24% of patients. Severe complications and a prolonged hospital stay were the key criteria that limited the achievement of a textbook outcome. These findings provide meticulous evaluation of oesophagectomy perioperative care and provide a direction for the utilisation of this concept in identifying and improving surgical and oncological care across multiple healthcare levels.
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Neoplasias Esofágicas , Esofagectomia , Humanos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Esofagectomia/efeitos adversos , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/cirurgia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Fístula Anastomótica/etiologia , Complicações Intraoperatórias/etiologia , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Antiemetic and analgesic oral premedications are frequently prescribed preoperatively to enhance recovery after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. However, it is unknown whether these medications transit beyond the stomach or if they remain in the sleeve resection specimen, thereby negating their pharmacological effects. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was performed on patients undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and receiving oral premedication (slow-release tapentadol and netupitant/palonosetron) as part of enhanced recovery after bariatric surgery program. Patients were stratified into the Transit group (premedication absent in the resection specimen) and Failure-to-Transit group (premedication present in the resection specimen). Age, sex, body mass index, and presence of diabetes were compared amongst the groups. The premedication lead time (time between premedications' administration and gastric specimen resection), and the premedication presence or absence in the specimen was evaluated. RESULTS: One hundred consecutive patients were included in the analysis. Ninety-nine patients (99%) were morbidly obese, and 17 patients (17%) had Type 2 diabetes mellitus. One hundred patients (100%) received tapentadol and 89 patients (89%) received netupitant/palonosetron. One or more tablets were discovered in the resected specimens of 38 patients (38%). No statistically significant differences were observed between the groups regarding age, sex, diabetes, or body mass index. The median (Q1âQ3) premedication lead time was 80 min (57.8â140.0) in the Failure-to-Transit group and 119.5 min (85.0â171.3) in the Transit group; P = 0.006. The lead time required to expect complete absorption in 80% of patients was 232 min (95%CI:180â310). CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative oral analgesia and antiemetics did not transit beyond the stomach in 38% of patients undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. When given orally in combination, tapentadol and netupitant/palonosetron should be administered at least 4 h before surgery to ensure transition beyond the stomach. Future enhanced recovery after bariatric surgery guidelines may benefit from the standardization of premedication lead times to facilitate increased absorption. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry; number ACTRN12623000187640; retrospective registered on 22/02/2023.
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Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Laparoscopia , Obesidade Mórbida , Humanos , Austrália , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/cirurgia , Gastrectomia , Obesidade Mórbida/cirurgia , Palonossetrom , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estômago , Tapentadol , Resultado do Tratamento , Masculino , FemininoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Transthoracic esophagectomy is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Therefore, it is imperative to optimize perioperative management and minimize complications. In this retrospective analysis, we evaluated the association between fluid balance and esophagectomy complications at a tertiary hospital in Melbourne, Australia, with a particular focus on respiratory morbidity and anastomotic leaks. Cumulative fluid balance was calculated intraoperatively, postoperatively in recovery postoperative day (POD) 0, and on POD 1 and 2. High and low fluid balance was defined as greater than or less than the median fluid balance, respectively, and postoperative surgical complications were graded using the Clavien-Dindo classification. RESULTS: In total, 109 patients, with an average age of 64 years, were included in this study. High fluid balance on POD 0, POD1 and POD 2 was associated with a higher incidence of anastomotic leak (OR 8.59; 95%CI: 2.64-39.0). High fluid balance on POD 2 was associated with more severe complications (of any type) (OR 3.33; 95%CI: 1.4-8.26) and severe pulmonary complications (OR 3.04; 95%CI: 1.27-7.67). For every 1 L extra cumulative fluid balance in POD 1, the odds of a major complication increase by 15%, while controlling for body mass index (BMI) and American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) class. The results show that higher cumulative fluid balance is associated with worsening postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing transthoracic esophagectomy. Restricted fluid balance, especially postoperatively, may mitigate the risk of postoperative complications - however prospective trials are required to establish this definitively.
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Neoplasias Esofágicas , Esofagectomia , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Esofagectomia/efeitos adversos , Esofagectomia/métodos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estudos Prospectivos , Neoplasias Esofágicas/complicações , Neoplasias Esofágicas/cirurgia , Fístula Anastomótica/cirurgia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Equilíbrio HidroeletrolíticoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The optimal analgesic modality for patients undergoing hepato-pancreato-biliary (HPB) surgery remains unknown. The analgesic effects of a multimodal intrathecal analgesia (MITA) technique of intrathecal morphine (ITM) in combination with clonidine and bupivacaine compared to ITM alone have not been investigated in these patients. METHODS: We performed a multicenter retrospective study of patients undergoing complex HPB surgery who received ITM, bupivacaine, and clonidine (MITA group) or ITM-only (ITM group) as part of their perioperative analgesia strategy. The primary outcome was the unadjusted oral morphine equivalent daily dose (oMEDD) in milligrams on postoperative day 1. After adjusting for age, body mass index, hospital allocation, type of surgery, operation length, and intraoperative opioid use, postoperative oMEDD use was investigated using a bootstrapped quantile regression model. Other prespecified outcomes included postoperative pain scores, opioid-related adverse events, major complications, and length of hospital stay. RESULTS: In total, 118 patients received MITA and 155 patients received ITM-only. The median (IQR) cumulative oMEDD use on postoperative day 1 was 20.5 mg (8.6:31.0) in the MITA group and 52.1 mg (18.0:107.0) in the ITM group (P < 0.001). There was a variation in the magnitude of the difference in oMEDD use between the groups for different quartiles. For the MITA group, on postoperative day 1, patients in the 25th percentile required 14.0 mg less oMEDD (95% CI: -25.9 to -2.2; P = 0.025), patients in the 50th percentile required 27.8 mg less oMEDD (95% CI: -49.7 to -6.0; P = 0.005), and patients in the 75th percentile required 38.7 mg less oMEDD (95% CI: -72.2 to -5.1; P = 0.041) compared to patients in the same percentile of the ITM group. Patients in the MITA group had significantly lower pain scores in the postoperative recovery unit and on postoperative days 1 to 3. The incidence of postoperative respiratory depression was low (<1.5%) and similar between groups. Patients in the MITA group had a significantly higher incidence of postoperative hypotension requiring vasopressor support. However, no significant differences were observed in major postoperative complications, or the length of hospital stay. CONCLUSION: In patients undergoing complex HPB surgery, the use of MITA, consisting of ITM in combination with intrathecal clonidine and bupivacaine, was associated with reduced postoperative opioid use and resulted in superior postoperative analgesia without risk of respiratory depression when compared to patients who received ITM alone. A randomized prospective clinical trial investigating these two intrathecal analgesic techniques is justified.
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Dor Aguda , Analgesia , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Opioides , Humanos , Analgésicos Opioides/uso terapêutico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Morfina/efeitos adversos , Clonidina/uso terapêutico , Estudos Prospectivos , Bupivacaína/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Background/Aims: Papillary adenocarcinoma is classified to differentiated-type gastric cancer and is indicated for endoscopic submucosal dissection. However, due to its rare nature, there are limited studies on it. The purpose of this study was to determine the outcome of endoscopic submucosal dissection in patients with papillary-type early gastric cancer and to find the risk factors of lymph node metastasis. Methods: Patients diagnosed with papillary-type early gastric cancer at eight medical centers, who underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection or surgical treatment, were retrospectively reviewed. The clinical results and long-term outcomes of post-endoscopic submucosal dissection were evaluated, and the risk factors of lymph node metastasis in the surgery group were analyzed. Results: One-hundred and seventy-six patients with papillary-type early gastric cancer were enrolled: 44.9% (n=79) in the surgery group and 55.1% (n=97) in the endoscopic submucosal dissection group. As a result of endoscopic submucosal dissection, the en bloc resection and curative resection rates were 91.8% and 86.6%, respectively. The procedure-related complication rate was 4.1%, and local recurrence occurred in 3.1% of patients. Submucosal invasion (odds ratio, 3.735; 95% confidence interval, 1.026 to 12.177; p=0.047) and lymphovascular invasion (odds ratio, 7.636; 95% confidence interval, 1.730 to 22.857; p=0.004) were the risk factors of lymph node metastasis in papillary-type early gastric cancer patients. Conclusions: The clinical results of endoscopic submucosal dissection in papillary-type early gastric cancer were relatively favorable, and endoscopic submucosal dissection is considered safe if appropriate indications are confirmed by considering the risk of lymph node metastasis.
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BACKGROUND: Tumor innervation has been shown to be utilized by some solid cancers to support tumor initiation, growth, progression, and metastasis, as well as confer resistance to immune checkpoint blockade through suppression of antitumor immunologic responses. Since botulinum neurotoxin type A1 (BoNT/A1) blocks neuronal cholinergic signaling, its potential use as an anticancer drug in combination with anti-PD-1 therapy was investigated in four different syngeneic mouse tumor models. METHODS: Mice implanted with breast (4T1), lung (LLC1), colon (MC38), and melanoma (B16-F10) tumors were administered a single intratumoral injection of 15 U/kg BoNT/A1, repeated intraperitoneal injections of 5 mg/kg anti-PD-1 (RMP1-14), or both. RESULTS: Compared to the single-agent treatments, anti-PD-1 and BoNT/A1 combination treatment elicited significant reduction in tumor growth among B16-F10 and MC38 tumor-bearing mice. The combination treatment also lowered serum exosome levels in these mice compared to the placebo control group. In the B16-F10 syngeneic mouse tumor model, anti-PD-1 + BoNT/A1 combination treatment lowered the proportion of MDSCs, negated the increased proportion of Treg cells, and elicited a higher number of tumor-infiltrating CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes into the tumor microenvironment compared to anti-PD-1 treatment alone. CONCLUSION: Our findings demonstrate the synergistic antitumor effects of BoNT/A1 and PD-1 checkpoint blockade in mouse tumor models of melanoma and colon carcinoma. These findings provide some evidence on the potential application of BoNT/A1 as an anticancer drug in combination with immune checkpoint blockade and should be further explored.
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Antineoplásicos , Toxinas Botulínicas , Melanoma , Animais , Camundongos , Receptor de Morte Celular Programada 1 , Inibidores de Checkpoint Imunológico/farmacologia , Inibidores de Checkpoint Imunológico/uso terapêutico , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Toxinas Botulínicas/farmacologia , Colo , Microambiente Tumoral , Linfócitos T CD8-PositivosRESUMO
Objective: Processed electroencephalography (pEEG) is used to monitor depth-of-anesthesia during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). The SedLine device has been recently introduced for pEEG monitoring. However, the effect of hypothermia on its parameters during CPB is unknown. Accordingly, we aimed to investigate temperature-induced changes in SedLine-derived pEEG parameters during CPB. Design: Prospective observational study. Setting: Cardiac surgery operating theatre. Participants: 28 patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery with CPB. Interventions: We continuously measured patient state index (PSI), suppression ratio (SR), bilateral spectral edge frequency (SEF) and temperature. We used linear mixed modelling with fixed and random effects to study the interactions between pEEG parameters and core temperature. Measurements and main results: During CPB maintenance, the median temperature was 32.1°C [interquartile range (IQR): 29.8-33.6] at the end of cooling and 32.8°C (IQR: 30.1-34.0) at rewarming initiation. For each degree Celsius change in temperature during cooling and rewarming the PSI either decreased by 0.8 points [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.7-1.0; p < 0.001] or increased by 0.7 points (95% CI: 0.6-0.8; p < 0.001). The SR increased by 2.9 (95% CI: 2.3-3.4); p < 0.001) during cooling and decreased by 2.2 (95% CI: 1.7-2.7; p < 0.001) during rewarming. Changes in the SEF were not related to changes in temperature. Conclusions: During hypothermic CPB, temperature changes led to concordant changes in the PSI. The SR increased during cooling and decreased during rewarming. Clinicians using SedLine for depth-of-anesthesia monitoring should be aware of these effects when interpreting the PSI and SR values.
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INTRODUCTION: Continually rising life expectancy and a shift towards an ageing population are resulting in an increasing population of nonagenarians. By 2030, the global population of nonagenarians is expected to exceed 30 million. The incidence of symptomatic cardiac disease is reported to occur in 25% of those aged over 75 years. Therefore, the number of nonagenarians undergoing cardiac surgery is also expected to increase. A linear relationship between advanced age and surgical risk has previously been demonstrated; however, it is not yet known whether this knowledge extends to the perioperative course and mortality of nonagenarians undergoing cardiac surgery. This scoping review aims to review the literature, assess whether a deficiency exists in the published literature and potentially identify knowledge gaps to guide future efforts to improve the understanding of nonagenarians undergoing cardiac surgery. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: Following the relevant aspects of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Extension for Scoping Review guidelines, electronic databases of MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library will be systematically searched, with additional reference tracking of eligible studies. Studies reporting the outcomes of nonagenarians undergoing open cardiac surgery or minimally invasive cardiac surgery requiring cardiopulmonary bypass will be included. Screening and data extraction will be performed by two reviewers independently. The data will be analysed and summarised descriptively with a narrative approach. Qualitative data that capture quality-of-life outcomes will be subjected to thematic analysis where feasible. Additionally, reporting results will highlight similarities and differences in nonagenarian selection for surgery. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethics approval was not required. The findings will be disseminated through professional networks, conference presentations and publications in scientific journals.
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Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos , Cardiopatias , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Humanos , Idoso , Nonagenários , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos/efeitos adversos , Cardiopatias/epidemiologia , Cardiopatias/cirurgia , Qualidade de Vida , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Minimamente Invasivos , Projetos de Pesquisa , Revisões Sistemáticas como Assunto , Metanálise como AssuntoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the long-term auditory performance after cochlear implantation (CI) and identify anatomical features of Mondini dysplasia associated with post-CI outcomes. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: Tertiary care academic center. PATIENTS: We enrolled 49 ears with Mondini dysplasia who underwent CI with more than 7 years of follow-up and age at CI- and sex-matched control group with radiologically normal inner ears. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The development of auditory skills after CI was evaluated using word recognition scores (WRSs). The anatomical features were measured based on temporal bone computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, involving the width of the bony cochlear nerve canal (BCNC), cochlear basal turn, enlarged vestibular aqueduct, cochlear height, and diameter of the cochlear nerve (CN). RESULTS: CI in ears with Mondini dysplasia showed comparable benefits and improvement of auditory performance to controls during the 7 years of follow-up. In Mondini dysplasia, four (8.2%) ears showed narrow BCNC (<1.4 mm) with poorer WRS (58 ± 17%) than those with normal-sized BCNC, which had WRS (79 ± 10%) comparable to that of the control group (77 ± 14%). In Mondini dysplasia, the maximum ( r = 0.513, p < 0.001) and minimum ( r = 0.328, p = 0.021) CN diameters had positive correlations with post-CI WRS. The maximum CN diameter ( ß = 48.347, p < 0.001) and BCNC width ( ß = 12.411, p = 0.041) were significant factors that influence the post-CI WRS in multiple regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative anatomical evaluation, especially BCNC status and CN integrity, may serve as predictive markers for post-CI performance.