Innovative method of alopecia treatment by autologous adipose-derived SVF.

BACKGROUND: Alopecia refers to a condition developed by gradual reduction of hair loss by various abnormal causes such as endocrine system, genetic factors, and stress. Stromal vascular fraction (SVF) isolated from the fat is one of the latest innovative solutions in the field of regeneration therapy. We focused on presenting effectiveness of clinical cases to improve AGA through transplantation of autologous SVF into the scalp. OBJECTIVE: To confirm the efficacy of the autologous SVF usage to the patients with AGA. METHODS: Nine patients (age range 43-64 years; 4 men, grade IV to V and 5 women, grade I to III), who are suffering from androgenic alopecia (AGA), were treated with single transplantation of autologous SVF in the upper scalp. Autologous SVF was isolated and characterized prior to the injection of live 7-9 × 106 cells into the patients' treatment site. The hair loss improvement effect was assessed by three test criteria: hair skin quality, hair thickness and hair density 3 and 6 months after post-injection compared to pre-injection status. RESULTS: Hair density of SVF-treated side was significantly increased after 3 and 6 months of transplantation compared to non-treated side (P = 0.01 and P = 0.009 per each). And significant improvement in the score of the keratin on the scalp was seen in the injected area as compared to the non-injected area 6 months after transplantation (P = 0.032). Although thickness increase was observed at 3 and 6 months after transplantation, there was no statistical significance (P = 0.142 and 0.155, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: One transplantation of autologous SVF for the AGA patients, hair density and score for the keratin were significantly increased within 6 months. This study shows that SVF is a very effective way to treat hair loss and most of subjects are satisfied with the result after treatment.

Absolute Configuration and Corrected NMR Assignment of 17-Hydroxycyclooctatin, a Fused 5-8-5 Tricyclic Diterpene.

The absolute configuration and corrected NMR assignment of 17-hydroxycyclooctatin isolated from Streptomyces sp. M56 recovered from a nest of South African Macrotermes natalensis termites are reported. 17-Hydroxycyclooctatin is a unique tricyclic diterpene (C20) consisting of a fused 5-8-5 ring system, and in this study, its structure was unambiguously determined by a combination of HR-ESIMS and 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic experiments to produce corrected NMR assignments. The absolute configuration of 17-hydroxycyclooctatin is reported for the first time in the current study using chemical reactions and quantum chemical ECD calculations. The corrected NMR assignments were verified using a gauge-including atomic orbital NMR chemical shifts calculation, followed by DP4 probability. To understand the pharmacological properties of 17-hydroxycyclooctatin, a network pharmacological approach and molecular docking analyses were used, which also predicted its effects on human breast cancer cell lines. Cytotoxicity and antiestrogenic activity of 17-hydroxycyclooctatin were determined, and it was found this compound may be an ERα antagonist.

Lobatamunsolides A-C, Norlignans from the Roots of Pueraria lobata and their Nitric Oxide Inhibitory Activities in Macrophages.

Phytochemical investigation of the methanol (MeOH) extract of Pueraria lobata roots, known as "kudzu", combined with liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS)-based analysis, resulted in the identification of four norlignans (1-4), including three new norlignans, lobatamunsolides A-C (1-3), and five known isoflavonoids (5-9). The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by a combination of spectroscopic methods, including 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and high resolution (HR)-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESIMS), and their absolute configurations were determined by chemical reaction and quantum chemical electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. The isolated compounds (1-9) were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Compound 9 displayed the strongest NO inhibitory effect and compound 2 showed a weak effect. The potential mechanism of the effect of compound 9 was investigated by analysis of its molecular docking on the active site of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), which showed the potential interactions of compound 9 with key amino acid residues and the heme cofactor of iNOS. The mechanism as the inhibition of transcriptional iNOS protein expression was confirmed by western blotting experiments.

Isoamericanoic Acid B from Acer tegmentosum as a Potential Phytoestrogen.

Phytoestrogens derived from plants have attracted the attention of the general public and the medical community due to their potentially beneficial role in relieving menopausal symptoms. The deciduous tree Acer tegmentosum Maxim (Aceraceae) has long been utilized in Korean folk medicine to alleviate many physiological disorders, including abscesses, surgical bleeding, and liver diseases. In order to explore structurally and/or biologically new constituents from Korean medicinal plants, a comprehensive phytochemical study was carried out on the bark of A. tegmentosum. One new phenolic compound with a 1,4-benzodioxane scaffold, isoamericanoic acid B (1), as well as with nine known phenolic compounds (2⁻10), were successfully isolated from the aqueous extracts of the bark of A. tegmentosum. A detailed analysis using 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectral data, and LC/MS afforded the unambiguous structural determination of all isolated compounds, including the new compound 1. In addition, compounds 2, 4, 5, and 9 were isolated and identified from the bark of A. tegmentosum for the first time. All isolated compounds were tested for their estrogenic activities using an MCF-7 BUS cell proliferation assay, which revealed that compounds 1, 2, and 10 showed moderate estrogenic activity. To study the mechanism of this estrogenic effect, a docking simulation of compound 1, which showed the best estrogenic activity, was conducted with estrogen receptor (ER) -α and ER-ß, which revealed that it interacts with the key residues of ER-α and ER-ß. In addition, compound 1 had slightly higher affinity for ER-ß than ER-α in the calculated Gibbs free energy for 1:ER-α and 1:ER-ß. Thus, the present experimental evidence demonstrated that active compound 1 from A. tegmentosum could be a promising phytoestrogen for the development of natural estrogen supplements.

Bioactivity-Guided Isolation of Anti-Inflammatory Constituents of the Rare Mushroom Calvatia nipponica in LPS-Stimulated RAW264.7 Macrophages.

Calvatia species, generally known as puffball mushrooms, are used both as sources of food and as traditional medicine. Among the Calvatia genus, Calvatia nipponica (Agaricaceae) is one of the rarest species. Using bioassay-guided fractionation based on anti-inflammatory effects, five alkaloids (1 - 5), two phenolics (6 and 7), and a fatty acid methyl ester (8) were isolated from the fruiting bodies of C. nipponica. Compound 8 was identified from C. nipponica for the first time, and all isolates (1 - 8) were tested for inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. Compound 7 showed mild inhibition while compound 8 significantly inhibited NO production with an IC50 value of 27.50 ± 0.08 µm. The mechanism of NO inhibition of compound 7 was simulated by molecular docking analysis against nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), which revealed the interactions of 7 with the key amino acid residue and the heme in the active site. With the most potent inhibition against LPS-induced inflammation, compound 8 was further investigated with respect to its mechanism of action, and the activity was found to be mediated through the inhibition of iNOS and COX-2 expression.