The Efficacy of Chitosan Hemostatic Pad on Hemostatic Function in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Catheterization: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Chitin is a nitrogen-containing polysaccharide that can promote wound healing and stop bleeding. This paper investigates the effects of the addition of a chitin hemostatic patch on the time to arterial hemostasis, bleeding time, and reduction of the risk of bleeding and hematoma in patients undergoing cardiac catheterization. METHODS: Databases were searched for published clinical studies. The subjects were patients who received cardiac catheterization and had a chitin hemostatic patch added at the site of arterial puncture, while the control group received routine hemostatic treatment. The research quality was evaluated using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool, version 2.0, and the meta-analysis was carried out using RevMan software. RESULTS: After searching literature databases, five randomized controlled trials were retrieved and included in the meta-analysis. The results showed that adding a chitin hemostatic patch could shorten the time to arterial hemostasis in patients, who received cardiac catheterization (Std. Mean Difference, -0.58; P < .001). In the subgroup analysis, the grouped effect of the chitin hemostatic patch on the bleeding time showed that the bleeding time was not significantly shortened after adding a chitin hemostatic patch in patients in the experimental group (RR, 0.78). At the same time, this measure did not significantly reduce the risk of arterial bleeding (RR, 0.49) or hematoma (RR, 0.73). CONCLUSIONS: The results of the meta-analysis showed that adding a chitin hemostatic patch at the site of arterial puncture in patients undergoing cardiac catheterization significantly reduced the time to hemostasis, but did not significantly reduce the incidence of bleeding and hematoma.

AtPV42a and AtPV42b redundantly regulate reproductive development in Arabidopsis thaliana.

BACKGROUND: The conserved SNF1/AMPK/SnRK1 complexes are global regulators of metabolic responses in eukaryotes and play a key role in the control of energy balance. Although α-type subunits of the SnRK1 complex have been characterized in several plant species, the biological function of ß-type and γ-type subunits remains largely unknown. Here, we characterized AtPV42a and AtPV42b, the two homologous genes in Arabidopsis, which encode cystathionine-ß-synthase (CBS) domain-containing proteins that belong to the PV42 class of γ-type subunits of the plant SnRK1 complexes. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed to examine the expression of AtPV42a and AtPV42b in various tissues. Transgenic plants that expressed artificial microRNAs targeting these two genes were created. Reproductive organ development and fertilization in these plants were examined by various approaches, including histological analysis, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and phenotypic analyses of reciprocal crosses between wild-type and transgenic plants. We found that AtPV42a and AtPV42b were expressed in various tissues during different developmental stages. Transgenic plants where AtPV42a and AtPV42b were simultaneously silenced developed shorter siliques and reduced seed sets. Such low fertility phenotype resulted from deregulation of late stamen development and impairment of pollen tube attraction conferred by the female gametophyte. CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate that AtPV42a and AtPV42b play redundant roles in regulating male gametogenesis and pollen tube guidance, indicating that the Arabidopsis SnRK1 complexes might be involved in the control of reproductive development.