Upregulation of EMR1 (ADGRE1) by Tumor-Associated Macrophages Promotes Colon Cancer Progression by Activating the JAK2/STAT1,3 Signaling Pathway in Tumor Cells.

Previously, we reported that epidermal growth factor-like module-containing mucin-like hormone receptor-like 1 (EMR1/ADGRE1) is abnormally expressed in colon cancer (CC) and is a risk factor for lymph node metastasis (LNM) and poor recurrence-free survival in patients with abundant tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). However, the signaling pathways associated with EMR1 expression in CC progression remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to explore the role of EMR1 and its signaling interactions with macrophages in CC progression. Spatial transcriptomics of pT3 microsatellite unstable CC tissues revealed heightened Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling in EMR1-HL CC with LNM compared to EMR1-N CC without LNM. Through in vitro coculture of CC cells with macrophages, EMR1 expression by CC cells was found to be induced by TAMs, ultimately interacting with upregulated JAK/STAT signaling, increasing cell proliferation, migration, and motility, and reducing apoptosis. JAK2/STAT3 inhibition decreased the levels of EMR1, JAK2, STAT1, and STAT3, significantly impeded the proliferation, migration, and mobility of cells, and increased the apoptosis of EMR1+ CC cells compared to their EMR1KO counterparts. Overall, TAMs-induced EMR1 upregulation in CC cells may promote LNM and CC progression via JAK2/STAT1,3 signaling upregulation. This study provides further insights into the molecular mechanisms involving macrophages and intracellular EMR1 expression in CC progression, suggesting its clinical significance and offering potential interventions to enhance patient outcomes.

Effect of sugammadex on postoperative complications in patients with severe burn who underwent surgery: a retrospective study.

This retrospective study investigated the association of sugammadex with postoperative pulmonary complication risk between 2013 and 2021 in patients with severe burn of five hospitals. Postoperative pulmonary complications included atelectasis, pulmonary edema, pulmonary effusion, pneumothorax, pneumonia, pulmonary thromboembolism, respiratory failure and acute respiratory distress. To identify whether sugammadex reduced the risk of postoperative pulmonary complication in patients with severe burn who underwent surgery, Kaplan-Meier curve were used to check the difference of incidence according to surgical cases and time-varying Cox hazard regression were used to calculate the hazard ratio. The study included 1213 patients with severe burn who underwent 2259 surgeries. Postoperative pulmonary complications were occurred in 313 (25.8%) patients. Among 2259 surgeries, sugammadex was used in 649 (28.7%) surgeries. Cumulative postoperative pulmonary complication were 268 (16.6%) cases in surgeries without sugammadex, and 45 (6.9%) cases in surgeries with sugammadex, respectively (P < 0.005). The postoperative pulmonary complications risk was reduced significantly in patients who use sugammadex than those who did not use sugammadex. (Adjusted hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% confidence interval, 0.42-0.89; P = 0.011). In conclusion, sugammadex reduced risk of postoperative pulmonary complications compared with nonuse of sugammadex in patients with severe burn who underwent surgery.

Skin cancer risk of menopausal hormone therapy in a Korean cohort.

Conflicting studies exist on the association between menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) and skin cancers, such as melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC). This retrospective cohort study aimed to evaluate the risk of skin cancer from MHT using data from 2002 to 2019 from the National Health Insurance Service in South Korea. We included 192,202 patients with MHT and 494,343 healthy controls. Women > 40 years who had menopause between 2002 and 2011 were included. Patients with MHT had at least one MHT for at least 6 months and healthy controls had never been prescribed MHT agents. We measured the incidence of melanoma and NMSC. Melanoma developed in 70 (0.03%) patients with MHT and 249 (0.05%) controls, while the incidence of NMSC was 417 (0.22%) in the MHT group and 1680 (0.34%) in the controls. Tibolone (hazard ratio [HR] 0.812, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.694-0.949) and combined oestrogen plus progestin by the manufacturer (COPM; HR 0.777, 95% CI 0.63-0.962) lowered the risk of NMSC, while other hormone groups did not change the risk. Overall, MHT was not associated with melanoma incidence in menopausal Korean women. Instead, tibolone and COPM were associated with a decrease in NMSC occurrence.

Comparison of the McGRATHTM Video Laryngoscope and Macintosh Laryngoscope for Orotracheal Intubation in a Simulated Difficult Airway Scenario: An Open-Label, Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background and Objectives: Difficult intubation, which may be encountered unexpectedly during anesthesia, can increase patients' morbidity and mortality. The McGRATH video laryngoscope is known to provide improved laryngeal visibility in patients with difficult or normal airways. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the McGRATH video laryngoscope for orotracheal intubation compared with that of conventional Macintosh laryngoscopes in simulated difficult airway scenarios. Materials and Methods: In this randomized controlled trial, patients who were scheduled for surgery under general anesthesia requiring orotracheal intubation were assigned to the Macintosh laryngoscope (n = 50) or McGRATH video laryngoscope (n = 45) groups. In this study, to create a simulated difficult airway condition, the subjects performed manual in-line stabilization and applied a soft cervical collar. The primary outcome was the rate of successful intubation within 30 s. The time required for an intubation, glottis grade, intubation difficulty scale (IDS score), the subjective ease of intubation, and optimal external laryngeal manipulation (OLEM) were evaluated. In addition, complications caused by each blade were investigated. Results: The intubation success rate within 30 s was not significantly different between the two groups (44 (88.0%) vs. 36 (80.0%), p = 0.286). The glottic grade was better in the McGRATH group than in the Macintosh group (p = 0.029), but neither the intubation time (26.3 ± 8.2 s vs. 24.2 ± 5.0 s, p = 0.134) nor the rates of oral bleeding (2 (4.0%) vs. 0 (0.0%)) and tooth injury (0 (0.0%) vs. 1 (2.2%)) were significantly different between the two groups. Conclusions: The use of the McGRATH video laryngoscope did not improve the intubation success rate or shorten the intubation time. However, the McGRATH video laryngoscope provided a better glottis view than the conventional Macintosh laryngoscope in patients with a simulated difficult airway.

Unusual Complex Apocrine Tumor Consisting of Syringocystadenoma Papilliferum and Apocrine Hidrocystoma within a Single Lesion: A Case Report.

Syringocystadenoma papilliferum (SCAP) and apocrine hidrocystoma (AH) are benign apocrine neoplasms that usually occur separately. SCAP arises predominantly in head and neck, while AH typically develop in periorbital area. We report a case of a 68-year-old male with an asymptomatic erythematous papulonodule that occurred on his back 3 years ago. Histologic examination showed cystic invagination extending from the epidermis into the dermis with some papillary projections. The invaginated portion was lined by epithelial bilayer composed of cuboidal and columnar cells, and decapitation secretion was observed in the inner epithelial layer. In the deep dermis, multiple cystic spaces with variable sizes were observed, and these cysts also presented double layers of the epithelium and decapitation secretion. According to such histologic features, the coexistence of SCAP and AH within a single lesion was demonstrated. The patient was recommended to completely remove the remaining lesion after punch biopsy, but he refused further surgical management. Herein, we report an unusual case of complex apocrine tumor with a rare composition in an atypical site.

Effect of Pregnancy on Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Female Patients Who Underwent Nondelivery Surgery: Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study.

Pregnant women usually have several risk factors of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) and physiologic changes that make them susceptible to PONV development. We investigated the risk of PONV and postoperative vomiting (PV) in pregnant women in nondelivery surgery compared to nonpregnant women. This study included female adult patients who underwent nondelivery surgery at five hospitals between January 2011 and March 2021. To identify the association between pregnancy and PONV, logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusting for covariates. A total of 60,656 (nonpregnant women = 57,363 and pregnant women = 3293) complete patient outcomes and perioperative data were eligible for analysis. Although there was no significant association between pregnancy and PONV, the risk of PV in the pregnant women was 3.9-fold higher (95% confidence interval (95% CI), 3.06-4.97) than in the nonpregnant women. In addition, increased pregnancy duration increased the risk of PV (odds ratio (95% CI), 1.05 (1.01-1.09)) and preoperative nausea, and vomiting increased the risk of PONV (odds ratio (95% CI), 2.68 (1.30-5.54)) and PV (odds ratio (95% CI), 4.52 (2.36-8.69)). Pregnancy increased the risk of PV in female patients who underwent nondelivery surgery, and pregnancy duration and preoperative nausea and vomiting also were associated with PONV or PV.

Postherpetic Trigeminal Trophic Syndrome: A Case Report.

Trigeminal trophic syndrome (TTS) is a rare condition characterized by anesthesia, paresthesia, and facial ulceration involving the trigeminal dermatome secondary to self-manipulation of the skin after a peripheral or central injury to the trigeminal nerve or its branches. Differential diagnosis of TTS includes conditions presenting with chronic facial ulceration, such as various infectious diseases, malignancy, vasculitis, pyoderma gangrenosum and dermatitis artefacta. We report a case of postherpetic TTS and highlight the importance of early diagnosis and prompt treatment of this condition, which may commonly be misdiagnosed.

Evaluation of Atopic Dermatitis Improvement Caused by Low-Level, Low-Frequency Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields.

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of using low-level, low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic field (LLLF_PEMF) stimulation to improve atopic dermatitis induced by 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB). Twenty 6-week-old hairless mice were randomly divided into Normal (n = 5), PEMF 15 Hz (n = 5), PEMF 75 Hz (n = 5), and Sham (n = 5) groups. Following the onset of atopic dermatitis symptoms, PEMF groups (15 and 75 Hz) were stimulated with LLLF_PEMF (15 mT) for 8 h per day for 1 week. Sensory evaluation analysis revealed a significant difference between the PEMF 15 Hz group and Sham group (P < 0.05), but these differences were not visually obvious. While both the PEMF and Sham groups had atopic dermatitis lesions, lesion size was significantly smaller in the two PEMF groups than in the Sham group (P < 0.001). Additionally, changes in epithelial thickness because of skin inflammation significantly decreased for both PEMF groups, compared with the Sham group (P < 0.001). In conclusion, these results suggest that PEMF stimulation in vivo triggers electro-chemical reactions that affect immune response. © 2022 Bioelectromagnetics Society.

Rare Case of Double-Positive CD4/CD8 Immunophenotype in Lennert Lymphoma With Cutaneous Involvement: A Case Report.

ABSTRACT: Lennert lymphoma is a lymphoepithelioid variant of peripheral T-cell lymphoma (not otherwise specified) with characteristics that do not fit into other peripheral T-cell lymphoma categories. Lennert lymphoma is primarily a nodal disease, and skin involvement may be exhibited. Cutaneous manifestations in Lennert lymphoma are nonspecific and include erythematous papules, nodules, and small plaques. Histological examination of cutaneous involvement characteristically presents epithelioid histiocytes and atypical small lymphocytes around vessels or appendages. A lymph node (LN) biopsy is essential for Lennert lymphoma diagnosis. In Lennert lymphoma, immunohistochemistry of both LNs and the involved skin reveals T-cell marker positivity. Although most Lennert lymphoma cases present with a single-positive CD4/CD8 immunophenotype, few cases present with a double-positive CD4/CD8 immunophenotype. We report a case of a 54-year-old woman presenting with fever, chills, general weakness, and a skin rash of erythematous patches on the trunk, extremities, and buttocks. A skin biopsy of the buttocks revealed atypical lymphocytes around the dermal vessels. In immunohistochemistry, these atypical lymphocytes stained positive for CD3, CD4, CD8, and CD68 but negative for CD20, CD30, and granzyme B. Similarly, a biopsy of the axillary LN revealed numerous epithelioid cells with atypical lymphocytes, exhibiting positivity for CD3, CD4, CD8, and CD68 but negativity for CD20, CD30, and S-100. Ki-67 was overexpressed in both the skin and LN. The final diagnosis of the patient was Lennert lymphoma with cutaneous involvement and a rare double-positive CD4/CD8 immunophenotype. The patient was transferred to another hospital for chemotherapy as per her request.

Identification of novel DNA hypermethylation of the adenylate kinase 5 promoter in colorectal adenocarcinoma.

Adenylate kinase 5 (AK5) belongs to the adenylate kinase family that catalyses reversible phosphate transfer between adenine nucleotides, and it is related to various energetic signalling mechanisms. However, the role of AK5 in colorectal cancer (CRC) has not been reported. In this study, AK5 was significantly hypermethylated in CRC compared to adjacent normal tissues (P < 0.0001) and normal tissues (P = 0.0015). Although the difference in mRNA expression was not statistically significant in all of them, the selected 49 cases of CRC tissues with AK5 hypermethylation with the cut off value of 40% showed a significant inverse correlation with mRNA expression (P = 0.0003). DNA methylation of AK5 promoter significantly decreased and AK5 expression recovered by 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine, DNA methyltransferase inhibitor in CRC cell lines. In addition, AK5 promoter activity significantly decreased due to DNA methyltransferase, and it increased due to 5-aza. Moreover, AK5 regulated the phosphorylated AMPK and mTOR phosphorylation and inhibited the cell migration and cell invasion in CRC cell lines. Furthermore, low AK5 expression is associated with poor differentiation (P = 0.014). These results demonstrate that the AK5 promoter is frequently hypermethylated and induced methylation-mediated gene down-regulation. AK5 expression regulates AMPK/mTOR signalling and may be closely related to metastasis in colorectal adenocarcinoma.

Changes in electroencephalographic power and bicoherence spectra according to depth of dexmedetomidine sedation in patients undergoing spinal anesthesia.

Background: Assessment the depth of dexmedetomidine sedation using electroencephalographic (EEG) features can improve the quality of procedural sedation. Previous volunteer studies of dexmedetomidine-induced EEG changes need to be validated, and changes in bicoherence spectra during dexmedetomidine sedation has not been revealed yet. We aimed to investigate the dexmedetomidine-induced EEG change using power spectral and bicoherence analyses in the clinical setting. Patients and Methods: Thirty-six patients undergoing orthopedic surgery under spinal anesthesia were enrolled in this study. Dexmedetomidine sedation was conducted by the stepwise increase in target effect site concentration (Ce) while assessing sedation levels. Bispectral index (BIS) and frontal electroencephalography were recorded continuously, and the performance of BIS and changes in power and bicoherence spectra were analyzed with the data from the F3 electrode. Results: The prediction probability values for detecting different sedation levels were 0.847, 0.841, and 0.844 in BIS, 95% spectral edge frequency, and dexmedetomidine Ce, respectively. As the depth of sedation increased, δ power increased, but high ß and γ power decreased significantly (P <0.001). α and spindle power increased significantly under light and moderate sedation (P <0.001 in light vs baseline and deep sedation; P = 0.002 and P <0.001 in moderate sedation vs baseline and deep sedation, respectively). The bicoherence peaks of the δ and α-spindle regions along the diagonal line of the bicoherence matrix emerged during moderate and deep sedation. Peak bicoherence in the δ area showed sedation-dependent increases (29.93%±7.38%, 36.72%±9.70%, 44.88%±12.90%; light, moderate, and deep sedation; P = 0.008 and P <0.001 in light sedation vs moderate and deep sedation, respectively; P = 0.007 in moderate sedation vs deep sedation), whereas peak bicoherence in the α-spindle area did not change (22.92%±4.90%, 24.72%±4.96%, and 26.96%±8.42%, respectively; P=0.053). Conclusions: The increase of δ power and the decrease of high-frequency power were associated with the gradual deepening of dexmedetomidine sedation. The δ bicoherence peak increased with increasing sedation level and can serve as an indicator reflecting dexmedetomidine sedation levels.

Cardiac arrest caused by contralateral tension pneumothorax during one-lung ventilation: - A case report.

BACKGROUND: Tension pneumothorax on the contralateral lung during one-lung ventilation (OLV) can be life-threatening if not rapidly diagnosed and managed. However, diagnosis is often delayed because the classic signs of tension pneumothorax are similar to clinical manifestations commonly observed during OLV. CASE: We report a case of contralateral tension pneumothorax in a patient undergoing right upper lobectomy during OLV. The patient suffered from sudden cardiac arrest and was assisted by extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation. CONCLUSIONS: Contralateral pneumothorax during OLV is rare but can occur at any time. Therefore, anesthesiologists should consider this critical complication.

Comparison of volume-controlled, pressure-controlled, and pressure-controlled volume-guaranteed ventilation during robot-assisted laparoscopic gynecologic surgery in the Trendelenburg position.

Background: Pressure-controlled ventilation volume-guaranteed (PCV-VG) is being increasingly used for ventilation during general anesthesia. Carbon dioxide (CO2) pneumoperitoneum in the Trendelenburg position is routinely used during robot-assisted laparoscopic gynecologic surgery. Here, we hypothesized that PCV-VG would reduce peak inspiratory pressure (Ppeak), compared to volume-controlled ventilation (VCV) and pressure-controlled ventilation (PCV). Methods: In total, 60 patients were enrolled in this study and randomly assigned to receive VCV, PCV, or PCV-VG. Hemodynamic variables, respiratory variables, and arterial blood gases were measured in the supine position 15 minutes after the induction of anesthesia (T0), 30 and 60 minutes after CO2 pneumoperitoneum and Trendelenburg positioning (T1 and T2, respectively), and 15 minutes after placement in the supine position at the end of anesthesia (T3). Results: The Ppeak was higher in the VCV group than in the PCV and PCV-VG groups (p=0.011). Mean inspiratory pressure (Pmean) was higher in the PCV and PCV-VG groups than in the VCV group (p<0.001). Dynamic lung compliance (Cdyn) was lower in the VCV group than in the PCV and PCV-VG groups (p=0.001). Conclusion: Compared to VCV, PCV and PCV-VG provided lower Ppeak, higher Pmean, and improved Cdyn, without significant differences in hemodynamic variables or arterial blood gas results during robot-assisted laparoscopic gynecologic surgery with Trendelenburg position.

Clinical Impact of Combined Modified Glasgow Prognostic Score and C-Reactive Protein/Albumin Ratio in Patients with Colorectal Cancer.

The prognostic impact of the combination of the modified Glasgow prognostic score (mGPS) and C-reactive protein/albumin ratio (CAR) in colorectal cancer (CRC) is unclear. We aimed to investigate the clinical usefulness of this combination as a predictor of survival in CRC patients. We retrospectively evaluated 769 CRC patients who had undergone surgery between January 2006 and March 2014. The CAR and mGPS within 1 month postoperation were examined. The integrated area under the curve (iAUC) was compared among mGPS, CAR, and the combined classification (CC). The optimal CAR cut-off for discriminating overall survival was 0.14. Based on this cut-off, the mGPS 0 group was divided into the mGPS 0 with low CAR and the mGPS 0 with high CAR groups, whereas all mGPS 1 and 2 patients were classified into the high CAR group. CC was an independent prognostic factor, and its iAUC value (0.587, 95% CI 0.553-0.624) was superior to those of the mGPS (0.544, 95% CI 0.516-0.576) (bootstrap iAUC mean difference = 0.043; 95% CI = 0.015-0.072) and CAR (0.578, 95% CI 0.545-0.613) (bootstrap iAUC mean difference = 0.009; 95% CI = 0.002-0.017), respectively. In conclusion, the combination of mGPS and CAR has a synergistic effect and has a higher prognostic accuracy than mGPS or CAR alone in patients with CRC.

Efficacy of bleomycin application on periungual warts after treatment with ablative carbon dioxide fractional laser: a pilot study.

Background: Treating periungual warts is a therapeutic challenge. Treatments are often ineffective and may cause complications including permanent nail changes, pain, and scaring. Translesional bleomycin delivery via the multipuncture technique is now reported.Objective: To investigate the efficacy and safety of bleomycin solution (1 U/mL) after ablative fractional carbon dioxide (CO2) laser for treating periungual warts.Methods: Warts were treated with ablative CO2 fractional laser, after which bleomycin was applied. Patients were treated every 2 weeks until the lesions disappeared. Treatment was discontinued if adverse events occurred or the patient wanted to stop.Results: Seventeen patients (11 women, mean age 16.23 years) with a total of 38 warts were enrolled from May 2017 to Aug 2018. Twenty-six lesions (68.4%) achieved complete clearance; three (7.8%) had excellent partial response (>75% improvement). The warts clearing completely did not recur over the follow-up period of 6 months. No significant long-term adverse effects occurred. One lesion showed postinflammatory hyperpigmentation, resolving within 1 month; five patients (29%) had short-term localized moderate pain after treatment.Conclusions: Bleomycin solution after ablative fractional CO2 laser is effective and safe to treat periungual warts. Further large controlled studies are necessary to validate effectiveness and find an optimal regimen.