Dental impression silicone putty in transoral laser laryngeal surgery: prevention of oral complications.

Objective: To describe a new method to improve the exposure of the surgical field and to protect the oral cavity during transoral laser micro-surgery (TOLMS) of the larynx. Methods: Dental Impression Silicone Putty (DISP) was employed as an alternative to traditional mouthguards. Results: DISP mouthguards perfectly fit to each patient, reduce encumbrance in the mouth, and reduce pressure on the teeth; disadvantages are minimal. Conclusions: Although clinical studies are necessary to demonstrate the efficacy of the method in reducing the incidence of oral complications, DISP mouthguards represent a significant aid for laryngeal exposure.

Endoscopy-assisted transoral approach for parapharyngeal space tumors: Our experience and a systematic review of the literature.

Background: Several approaches have been described for the excision of parapharyngeal space tumors (PPSTs). Advances in endoscopy gave a further stimulus to the use of the transoral route. Aims: We present our experience with the endoscopy-assisted transoral approach (EATA) in this regard and a review of the most recent literature about EATA for PPSTs excision. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed our experience and systematically reviewed the literature about the outcomes of this technique. Results: Seven PPSTs were completely excised, with three of them requiring a combined transcervical approach. Only one case of postoperative wound dehiscence was registered, and the mean length of stay was 3.9 days. Final histopathological examination confirmed the results obtained with preoperative fine-needle aspiration biopsy in all cases and no recurrences were apparent after a mean follow-up of 28.1 months. Discussion: Magnetic resonance imaging, the modified Mallampati score and the 8 Ts criteria are useful instruments for the choice of the most appropriate surgical approach. Conclusion: In light of our experience and following other published series in the literature, we believe that EATA may represent a safe and effective approach for the treatment of the majority of PPSTs.

Low levels of miR-34c in nasal washings as a candidate marker of aggressive disease in wood and leather exposed workers with sinonasal intestinal-type adenocarcinomas (ITACs).

INTRODUCTION: Sinonasal intestinal-type adenocarcinomas (ITACs) are rare and aggressive tumors, closely related to professional exposure to wood dusts or leather. Here we explored the role of non-coding RNAs controlling MUC2 in liquid biopsies and tumors from ITAC patients with the aim of identifying biomarkers and molecular mechanisms to improve early diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic approaches for this rare cancer. METHODS: MiR-34c-3p, lncRNA AF147447 and MUC2 were measured in tumors and normal mucosa, in nasal washings (NW) from the affected and non-affected nostril and in plasma from 17 ITAC patients. The Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) was also evaluated by Magnetic Resonance Imaging. RESULTS: MiR-34c was higher in ITACs compared to the corresponding normal mucosa (p = 0.021). Differentiated tumors exhibited higher miR-34c levels (p = 0.025) and lower ADC values (p<0.001) compared to mucinous ones and these parameters were also inversely correlated (r = 0.87; p = 0.001). High MUC2 tumor expression was associated with orbital extension (p = 0.010). Low miR-34c levels in NW were associated with orbital (p = 0.009) and intracranial (p = 0.031) extension and with advanced TNM stage (p = 0.054). Functional analysis identified Wnt, Focal adhesion, MAPK and inflammatory signalings among the pathways most enriched in mir-34c targets. DISCUSSION: Our results suggest measuring miR-34c in NW as a biomarker for early diagnosis and monitoring of ITAC patients and for the surveillance of wood and leather exposed workers. Further research on the involvement of miR-34c regulated pathways in ITAC tumorigenesis may also allow the development of new therapeutic approaches for this rare cancer.

Open partial horizontal laryngectomy and adjuvant (chemo)radiotherapy for laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma: results from a multicenter Italian experience.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the functional and oncologic outcomes of adjuvant (chemo)radiation [(C)RT] after open partial horizontal laryngectomies (OPHLs). METHODS: Multicenter retrospective evaluation of 130 patients (116 males, 14 females) submitted between 1995 and 2017 to OPHL Types II and III for laryngeal cancer and receiving adjuvant (C)RT for one or more of the following risk factors at histopathologic examination of the surgical specimen: pT4a and/or > pN2a categories, close/positive resection margins, or presence of both perineural (PNI) and lympho-vascular invasion (LVI). The primary study endpoints were evaluation of the presence of tracheostomy and/or gastrostomy at last follow-up, and calculation of laryngo-esophageal dysfunction-free survival (LEDFS). RESULTS: Mean age of the study cohort was 60.8 ± 8.9 years (median, 62; interquartile range [IQR], 13). Mean follow-up was 50.7 ± 39.4 months (range 24-188; median, 38; IQR, 51). Adjuvant therapy consisted of CRT in 53 (41%) patients, and RT alone in 77 (59%). Five-year LEDFS was 85%. Overall survival was 71.5%, while 13% of patients remained tracheostomy- and 3% gastrostomy-dependent at the last follow-up. The only significant variable in predicting survival (p = 0.020) was tracheostomy dependence: it was maintained in 7.5% of subjects after OPHL Type II and in 34% of those submitted to OHPL Type III (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In selected patients affected by advanced laryngeal cancer, OPHLs Type II and III have a relatively good laryngeal safety profile and provide favorable oncologic outcomes even in case of need for adjuvant (C)RT.

Sudden olfactory loss as an early marker of COVID-19: a nationwide Italian survey.

PURPOSE: The presence of many asymptomatic COVID-19 cases may increase the risks of disease dissemination, mainly for physicians. There are numerous reports on the frequent findings of sudden anosmia or hyposmia, before or at the same time of the typical COVID-19 symptoms onset. The aim of this study was to verify the association of olfactory impairment and COVID-19, providing a basis for subsequent research in the field of COVID-19 clinical heterogeneity. METHODS: We developed a 15-item online questionnaire on "Sudden Olfactory Loss (SOL) and COVID-19" that was administered during March 2020 to Italian general practitioners registered to a social media group. RESULTS: One hundred and eighty responses were received. SOL was identified as a significant sign of infection in COVID-19 patients, mainly aged between 30 and 40 years, even in the absence of other symptoms. SOL was present as an initial symptom in 46.7% of subjects, and in 16.7%, it was the only symptom. Among the COVID-19 confirmed cases, SOL occurred as the only symptom in 19.2% of patients. CONCLUSION: SOL could represent a possible early symptom in otherwise asymptomatic COVID-19 subjects. Subjects affected by SOL should be considered as potential COVID-19 cases. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4.

Tinnitus and equilibrium disorders in COVID-19 patients: preliminary results.

PURPOSE: Tinnitus and equilibrium disorders such as dizziness and vertigo have been reported by patients with COVID-19; however, they have been rarely investigated. The aim of this study was to study the prevalence of subjective tinnitus and dizziness in a sample of COVID-19 patients using an online 10-item close-ended questionnaire. METHODS: A multicentric study that included 15 Italian hospitals in different regions was conducted using an online 10-item close-ended questionnaire developed to identify the presence of tinnitus and balance disorders in patients with COVID-19 between May 5 and June 10, 2020. The questionnaire was administered to 185 patients in a period of > 30 - < 60 days after diagnosis of COVID-19; responses were recorded in an online Excel spreadsheet. The questionnaire was composed of three sections: (1) demographic information; (2) presence and characteristics of tinnitus and dizziness after COVID-19 diagnosis; (3) possible association with migraine. RESULTS: Thirty-four patients (18.4%) reported equilibrium disorders after COVID-19 diagnosis. Of these, 32 patients reported dizziness (94.1%) and 2 (5.9%) reported acute vertigo attacks. Forty-three patients (23.2%) reported tinnitus; 14 (7.6%) reported both tinnitus and equilibrium disorders. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that the presence of subjective otoneurological symptoms such as tinnitus and balance disorders can affect COVID-19 patients; further studies are necessary to investigate the prevalence and pathophysiological mechanisms underlying these subjective symptoms in COVID-19 patients.

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo after dental surgery.

We investigated the relationship between dental and maxillofacial surgery and benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). BPPV represents the most frequent cause of vertigo of labyrinthine origin. BPPV has been reported following surgical trauma from various surgical interventions, regarding anatomical site and technical execution. A surgical origin is, in many cases, supported by the temporal relation to the surgical intervention as well as by the clinical picture. We considered eight BPPV cases of suspected iatrogenic origin focusing our attention on dental surgery with particular reference to surgical extraction of included teeth through rotating tools. The cases taken into account had no other inner ear disease and BPPV risk indicator. We conclude that dental surgery is a risk factor for BPPV.