RESUMO
Smoking tobacco can impair proper vascular endothelial functioning. This is exhibited through reduced nitric oxide synthesis as well as activity due to accompanying oxidative stress. We examined the relationship between nitric oxide and markers of oxidative stress/antioxidant defense in serum of smoking and non-smoking pregnant women. Subjects included 99 healthy pregnant women, who were tested for nitric oxide (NO), endothelial (eNOS) and inducible (iNOS) nitric oxide synthase, total oxidant capacity (TOC), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). NO, eNOS, and TAC serum concentrations were significantly lower (p < 0.005), but iNOS (p < 0.05) and TOC (p < 0.001) were higher in smokers than in non-smokers. Multivariate regression analysis showed associations between NO concentration and eNOS, TAC, and smoking status in the whole group of patients. In the model estimated separately for smokers, the highest impact of eNOS (ß = 0.375; p = 0.021) and cotinine (ß = -0.323; p = 0.037) was indicated for NO concentration. In the model of non-smokers, eNOS (ß = 0.291, p = 0.030) and TAC (ß = 0.350; p = 0.015) were important for NO level. Smoking during pregnancy could exacerbate oxidative stress, impair the action of nitric oxide synthases, and adversely affect the balance of oxygen and nitrogen metabolism. Relationships between NO concentrations and TAC in the studied women's blood can confirm the antioxidant nature of nitric oxide.
Assuntos
Exposição Materna/estatística & dados numéricos , Óxido Nítrico/sangue , Fumar Tabaco/sangue , Adulto , Biomarcadores/sangue , Feminino , Humanos , Análise Multivariada , Estresse Oxidativo , GravidezRESUMO
Tobacco smoking during pregnancy increases the risk of severity of oxidative stress, which can affect adipokines expression in adipose tissue. The aim of the study was to assess the effects of smoking on the level of visfatin and selected markers of oxidative stress (ox-LDL- oxidized low density lipoprotein, TOC - total oxidant capacity, TAC - total antioxidant capacity) and the association between them in pregnant women. Material and Methods: The research material was the venous blood of healthy women admitted to given birth in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Institute of Mother and Child in the years 2015 - 2016. Based on an interview and determination of serum cotinine, women were divided into following groups: smoking (n=41) and non-smoking group (n=43). Concentrations of biochemical parameters were determined by enzyme immunoassay using commercial kits. Results: In serum of smoking pregnant women concentrations of visfatin, ox-LDL, and TOC were significantly higher while level of TAC was lower than observed in nonsmoking group (p<0.001). We found important association between number of cigarettes daily consumed and serum level of visfatin (r=0.43; p<0.01), ox-LDL (r=0.36; p<0.05), and TOC (r=0.39; p<0.05). Multivariate regression analysis showed a positive correlation between concentration of visfatin and level of ox-LDL as well as TOC both in the smoking women (ox- LDL: ß=0.381; TOC: ß=0.388; p<0.05), and in tobacco abstinent group (ox- LDL: ß= 0.470; TOC: ß=0.326; p<0.05). Conclusions: These results indicate that smoking during pregnancy adversely affect the oxidant/ antioxidant balance. The association between visfatin concentrations and markers of oxidative stress may suggest prooxidant tendency of this adipokine.
Assuntos
Citocinas/sangue , Nicotinamida Fosforribosiltransferase/sangue , Estresse Oxidativo , Fumar Tabaco/sangue , Adulto , Biomarcadores/sangue , Cotinina/sangue , Feminino , Humanos , Lipoproteínas LDL/sangue , Gravidez , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Anemia during pregnancy is a risk factor of disturbance in pre- and postnatal child's development. Hepcidin plays the key role in iron metabolism, as protein participating in the regulation of intestinal absorption of this element and its release from macrophages, and transport across the placenta. Maternal smoking during pregnancy can result in disturbances of iron homeostasis leading to a subclinical deficiency. The depletion of maternal iron can cause fetal hypoxia condition and decreased expression of hepcidin. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of smoking on the levels of hepcidin and erythropoietin (as an indicator of hypoxia) and their relationships in umbilical cord blood. The research material was the umbilical cord blood of 50 newborns born in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Institute of Mother and Child in Warsaw) in the years 2013-2014. Based on an interview and determination of cotinine in the blood of mothers, newborns were divided into following groups: children of smoking mothers (n=20) and children of tobacco abstinent mothers (n=30). Hepcidin and erythropoietin concentrations were determined by enzyme immunoassay using commercial kits (DRG, Germany). It has been shown that hepcidin concentrations were significantly lower in children of smoking mothers than in the group of tobacco abstinent (37.5 ng/mL vs 45.1 ng/mL, p<0.001). However, the level of erythropoietin was higher in children of smoking mothers than in children of non-smoking women (p<0.001). A negative correlation between the levels of hepcidin and erythropoietin (r = -0.41, p<0.05) and number of smoked cigarettes (r = -0.43, p<0.05) was observed. These results indicate that smoking during pregnancy significantly affects hepcidin levels in children born at term. Decrease of hepcidin concentration coexisting with high level of erythropoletin in umbilical cord blood in children of smoking pregnant women may be the cause of subclinical deficiency of iron in the newborn.
Assuntos
Sangue Fetal/química , Hepcidinas/sangue , Fumar/efeitos adversos , Adulto , Eritropoetina/sangue , Feminino , Humanos , Hipóxia/etiologia , Recém-Nascido , Gravidez , Cordão Umbilical/irrigação sanguínea , Adulto JovemRESUMO
We examined the effect of tobacco smoking on the concentrations of leptin, soluble leptin receptor (sOB-R), total adiponectin, and free leptin index (FLI) in the serum of maternal-cord pairs. We also investigated the correlations between these biochemical parameters and newborn birth weight and length. The study included eighty-five healthy pregnant women, who were divided into smoking and tobacco- abstinent groups according to serum cotinine concentrations. We found that maternal and fetal leptin, sOB-R concentrations, and free leptin index were similar in smoking and tobacco abstinent groups. We observed significant negative relationship between the reported number of cigarettes smoked daily during pregnancy and cord blood leptin (r=-0.37; p<0.05). In the group of smoking women, total serum adiponectin concentrations were significantly lower than in the tobacco abstinent group in mothers as well as in cord blood (p<0.05). A significant negative association between the number of cigarettes smoked per day and total adiponectin concentration in maternal as well as newborn serum was observed (r=-0.38; p<0.05). Umbilical serum leptin, sOB-R, and FLI levels were significantly lower and adiponectin higher compared with maternal concentrations at birth (p<0.05). Mean birth weight and body length of the smoking mothers' infants were significantly lower (p<0.001; p=0.015, respectively) compared with the abstinent group, and negatively correlated with the daily number of cigarettes consumed (birth weight r=-0.39; p<0.05; birth length r=-0.37; p<0.05). Cord blood values of leptin, FLI and adiponectin were significantly correlated with newborn birth weight. We also observed a positive relationship between cord blood adiponectin levels and the birth body length in the two studied groups (r=0.49; p<0.002). Tobacco smoking during pregnancy decreases maternal and fetal serum adiponectin levels but does not have a significant effect on blood leptin concentrations. The direct association between the cord blood values of these adipokines and birth weight and length suggest that rather fetal (not maternal) adiponectin and leptin concentrations may be involved in fetal development during pregnancy.
Assuntos
Adipocinas/sangue , Complicações na Gravidez/sangue , Gravidez/sangue , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal/etiologia , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal/fisiopatologia , Fumar/efeitos adversos , Fumar/sangue , Adiponectina/sangue , Adulto , Peso ao Nascer , Estatura , Cotinina/sangue , Feminino , Sangue Fetal/metabolismo , Desenvolvimento Fetal , Idade Gestacional , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Leptina/sangue , Receptores para Leptina/sangueRESUMO
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of cigarette smoking on concentration of selected angiogenic factors (vascular endothelial growth factor VEGF, placenta growth factor PIGF) and somatomedin C (insulin-like growth factor-I) in blood of mothers and umbilical cord blood. The correlations between studied biochemical parameters and markers of estimated intensity of cigarette smoking as well as birth weight were also determined. Fifty healthy pregnant women were divided into two groups: smoking and tobacco abstinent group according to serum cotinine concentration. The current smokers were defined as those who had smoked 5 cigarettes per day for 2 years before conception and continued smoking during pregnancy. In the group of smoking mothers the mean serum concentration of cotinine was 91.6 microg/L and correlated positively with number of cigarettes daily consumed (r = 0.58, p < 0.01) as well as with time of smoking before conception (r = 0.40, p < 0.05). The mean serum concentration of PIGF in III trimester of pregnancy was significantly higher in the group of smokers than in non-smoking ones (p < 0.0001) and correlated with serum cotinine concentration (r = 0.41, p < 0.05) and number of cigarettes daily consumed (r = 0.58, p < 0.01). The concentration of serum VEGF was similar in both studied group. The mean serum level of IGF-I was significantly lower in group of smokers than in non-smokers in the I and III trimester of gestation (p < 0.01). Also in umbilical cord blood of smoking newborn the concentration of IGF-I was lower by 20% than in nonsmoking group (p < 0.05). We observed negative correlation between number of cigarettes daily consumed and serum level of IGF-I in blood of mothers as well as in blood of their children (I trimester: r = -0.43, p < 0.05; III trimester: r = -0.70, p < 0.001; umbilical cord blood: r = -0.45, p < 0.05). In both studied groups there were a positive correlation between birth weight and concentrations of IGF-I in blood of mothers and umbilical cord blood (group of smokers: mothers r = 0.43, p < 0.05, cord blood r = 0.50, p < 0.01; group of tobacco abstinent: mothers r = 0.51, p < 0.01, cord blood r = 0.41, p < 0.05). The birth weight of the smoking mothers' infants was lower by about 400 g (p < 0.01) and their birth body length by 1.5 cm (p < 0.05) and negatively correlated with number of cigarettes smoked per day (r = -0.55; p < 0.005). Our results indicate, that tobacco smoking during pregnancy increased serum PIGF levels in the final stages of gestation and has no effect on the concentration of VEGF, which may lead to an increase of trophoblast proliferation and uteroplacental dysfunction. Lower than in tobacco abstinent levels of IGF-I in serum of smoking mothers and in umbilical cord blood and their close relationship with birth weight, may suggests a direct effect of this factor on birth anthropometric parameters.
Assuntos
Sangue Fetal/química , Fator de Crescimento Insulin-Like I/análise , Troca Materno-Fetal , Complicações na Gravidez/sangue , Terceiro Trimestre da Gravidez/sangue , Fumar/sangue , Adulto , Indutores da Angiogênese/sangue , Peso ao Nascer , Cotinina/sangue , Feminino , Humanos , Fator de Crescimento Placentário , Gravidez , Proteínas da Gravidez/sangue , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/sangueRESUMO
Iron deficiency relatively observed in pregnant women is assumed to be enhanced by cigarette smoking. Hepcidin, a peptide hormone produced by the liver as pro-hepcidin, has recently emerged as a central mediator of iron metabolism. Hepcidin regulates intestinal iron absorption, macrophage iron release, and the placental passage of iron. Maternal smoking is associated with increased fetal iron requirements and stimulates fetal erythropoiesis. This is probably through a hypoxic effect on the fetus, and is dose related to the maternal smoking level. It is known that anemia and hypoxia suppress hepcidine mRNA expression. Therefore the aim of the study was to estimate the effect of tobacco smoking on serum pro-hepcidin levels and some iron parameters in pregnant women and umbilical cord blood. We also studied correlation between pro-hepcidin and others iron markers in mothers and their newborns. Healthy, pregnant women (n = 50), patients of Clinical Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Mother and Child were divided into groups nonsmoking and smoking according to questionnaire declaration. Serum concentrations of pro-hepcidin were determined by immunoenzymathic method using a commercial pro-hepcidin assay (DRG, Germany). Levels of ferritin and transferrin were measured by immunoturbidimetric method and iron by photometric test with ferrozine using HORIBA ABX kits (France) and Cobas Mira analyser (Roche, Switzerland). Levels of hemoglobin and hematocrite were determined using commercially available kits on Pentra 60 analyser (ABX, France). We observed that the mean concentration of pro-hepcidin in serum of smoking pregnant women was statistically lower than in tobacco abstinent (101.9 +/- 28.6 ng/ml vs 88.3 +/- 18.2 ng/ml; p < 0.01). Levels of others studied iron markers were similar in both group except total iron concentration, which was 20% lower in smoking mothers than in nonsmoking ones. In umbilical cord blood of infants born to smoking women level of pro-hepcidin was significantly lower than in tobacco abstinent (54.2 +/- 14.0 ng/ml vs 76.8 +/- 21.4 ng/ml, p < 0.0001). We observed positive correlation between concentrations of that prohormone in serum of mothers and cord blood of their newborns in nonsmoking group (r = 0.54; p < 0.02) as well as in smoking ones (r = 0.68; p < 0.05). In addition, concentrations of ferritin, transferin and total iron were lower by 30%, 13% and 20% respectively in cord blood of smoking than nonsmoking group. The differences were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Our analysis revealed no correlation between serum pro-hepcidin levels and other studied parameters of iron status both in the mothers and children groups. Our results indicate that tobacco smoking during pregnancy affected pro-hepcidine levels in serum of mothers and their newborns. Low concentrations of some iron markers in umbilical cord blood suggest that mother's smoking could lead to subclinical iron deficiency in fetus. No anemia were observed in both studied groups of mothers that could explain no relationships between pro-hepcidin and others parameters of iron status.
Assuntos
Peptídeos Catiônicos Antimicrobianos/sangue , Sangue Fetal/química , Ferro/sangue , Exposição Materna , Complicações na Gravidez/sangue , Fumar/sangue , Adulto , Biomarcadores/sangue , Monitoramento Ambiental , Feminino , Hepcidinas , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Gravidez , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto JovemRESUMO
UNLABELLED: Increasing number of malignant neoplasms of the oral cavity and facial region as well as lower age of the patients hospitalized were the interest of the authors. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Clinical data from the years 2002-2004 were analysed in this paper. In this study the factors as: sex and age of patients, tumor localization, histological examinations, surgical treatment of the tumor and lymph nodes are reported. RESULTS: During the 3 years period there were 346 tumors of the oral cavity treated in Clinic of Maxillofacial Surgery in Poznan. Epidemiologic studies have revealed a increased number of squamous cell carcinomas and other malignant tumors as lymphomas, adenoid cystic carcinomas and sarcomas of the oro-facial region. The staging of the tumors is similar as in previous years. CONCLUSIONS: The study shows better knowledge about oral malignancies in dentists and general praticioners. The tumor patients are surgically treated earlyer as in previous years.
Assuntos
Carcinoma Adenoide Cístico/cirurgia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/cirurgia , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/secundário , Linfoma/cirurgia , Neoplasias Bucais/cirurgia , Sarcoma/cirurgia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Carcinoma Adenoide Cístico/patologia , Carcinoma Adenoide Cístico/secundário , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patologia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/secundário , Unidade Hospitalar de Odontologia , Feminino , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/patologia , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/cirurgia , Humanos , Excisão de Linfonodo/métodos , Metástase Linfática , Linfoma/patologia , Masculino , Melanoma/patologia , Melanoma/secundário , Melanoma/cirurgia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias Bucais/patologia , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Estudos Retrospectivos , Sarcoma/patologia , Sarcoma/secundário , Centro Cirúrgico Hospitalar , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
In metabolism of homocysteine several enzymes and vitamin cofactors are involves. Genetic abnormalities in these enzymes or nutritional deficiency vitamins, especially of folate may lead to hyperhomocysteinemia, a known risk factor for some pregnancy complications. High maternal homocysteine and low folate levels correlate with low birth weight. Maternal smoking affected significantly total homocysteine concentration in infants. Studies in this area are still scarce and report on limited number of patients. The aim of our study was to assess serum folate and total homocysteine (tHcy) concentrations in smoking pregnant women and in their newborn infants as compared with nonsmoking. The study consisted of 57 pregnant women, who qualified into two groups: smoking (n=28) and nonsmoking (n=29). The serum concentrations of folate were determined by electrochemiluninescent method and tHcy by fluorescence polarization immunoassay. We shown, that serum homocysteine concentrations were significantly higher in smoking as compared with nonsmoking pregnant women (p<0.05) as well as in umbilical cord blood of their newborns (p<0.001). The folate levels were comparable in serum both groups of mothers, but in infants born to smoking women were lower by 20%. In addition, the maternal serum levels of homocysteine and folate showed a significant positive correlation's with these parameters in newborns. Average birth weight infants born to smoking mother was significantly lower than nonsmoking cigarettes (p<0.05). It seems that tobacco smoking during pregnancy affected folate and homocysteine levels in serum of mothers and their infants. Smoking exposure is also associate with reduced birth weight.
Assuntos
Sangue Fetal/química , Ácido Fólico/sangue , Homocisteína/sangue , Recém-Nascido de Baixo Peso/sangue , Fumar/sangue , Adulto , Peso ao Nascer , Feminino , Idade Gestacional , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , GravidezRESUMO
The paper presents the case of atypical Stafne bone cavity in 41 years old male. The defect was situated under the mandibular nerve and second molar. There were the part of submandibular gland, arterial vesel and fat tissue in the 2 x 2 cm cavity.
Assuntos
Mandíbula/anormalidades , Doenças Mandibulares/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças Mandibulares/cirurgia , Adulto , Humanos , Cistos Maxilomandibulares/diagnóstico por imagem , Cistos Maxilomandibulares/cirurgia , Masculino , Dente Molar/diagnóstico por imagem , RadiografiaRESUMO
This work deals with the mechanism of misarticulation following surgery for malignancies in the oral cavity. The underlying cause was dysfunction of the tongue due to partial or total resection, consequences of the resection of the mandible together with the oral cavity floor, or dysfunkction of the lower lip failing to seal the space of Donders. Anatomic alternations reveal themselves as shifts in the points of contact between structures of the articulation system noticeable on palatograms or linguograms. Limited mobility of tongue tip may affect speech, particularly in the case of sounds of the first and second articulation zone.
Assuntos
Transtornos da Articulação/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Bucais/cirurgia , Distúrbios da Fala/diagnóstico , Neoplasias da Língua/cirurgia , Idoso , Transtornos da Articulação/etiologia , Transtornos da Articulação/reabilitação , Feminino , Glossectomia/métodos , Humanos , Traumatismos do Nervo Hipoglosso , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Soalho Bucal/cirurgia , Neoplasias Bucais/complicações , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/diagnóstico , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/reabilitação , Procedimentos de Cirurgia Plástica/métodos , Distúrbios da Fala/etiologia , Distúrbios da Fala/reabilitação , Distúrbios da Fala/terapia , Fonoterapia/métodos , Neoplasias da Língua/complicaçõesRESUMO
PURPOSE: A dyskinesia is a permanent disorder consisting of compulsory movements of the tongue, lips and facial muscles. Dyskinesias of other parts of the body are also known. They improve the diagnosis and treatment in dentistry and oral surgery. AIM: The aim of the study is to present cases of dyskinesia manifesting as involuntary movements and their treatment. RESULTS: Dyskinesias of various body parts accompanying Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, Down syndrome, Joubert's syndrome, arteriosclerosis, cerebral palsy, and tetanus are discussed.
Assuntos
Discinesias/classificação , Discinesias/etiologia , Face/fisiopatologia , Língua/fisiopatologia , Antiparkinsonianos/uso terapêutico , Coreia/complicações , Coreia/diagnóstico , Discinesias/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Doença de Huntington/complicações , Lábio/fisiopatologia , Doença de Parkinson/complicações , Doença de Parkinson/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
The aim of this study was to describe methods in tissue reconstruction deficiences after operations due to upper and lower lip and nose cancer with using full thickness (musculomucosal cutaneus flap) and incomplete buccal flap (musculocutaneus). Flaps were collected bilaterally and sutured in the middle of the lips. Their usefulness was confirmed especially in total lip reconstruction.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Labiais/cirurgia , Mucosa Bucal/transplante , Neoplasias Nasais/cirurgia , Procedimentos de Cirurgia Plástica/métodos , Retalhos Cirúrgicos , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
The importance of steroids given antenatally to the mothers in prevention of the respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is unquestionable. Also intra tracheal surfactant application in newborn is proven method of prevention and treatment of RDS. However both options have some limitations and new methods useful in prevention of RDS are still needed. The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficiency and safety of the procedure of the intraamniotic surfactant supply as RDS prevention. Natural surfactant (Alveofact - Boehringer Ingelheim) has been given to 15 women at 24-32 weeks of pregnancy, two hours before expected childbirth (mainly cesarean section). To 8 of these women corticosteroids have been earlier administered. Just before surfactant injection amniotic liquid samples were taken to confirm lung immaturity and the patients were administered Aminophilline intravenously to provoke fetal breathing movements. Surfactant has been administered through the needle under direct ultrasound guidance into the amniotic cavity as close as possible to the fetal mouth and nose. Patients with the evidence of chorionamnionitis and fetal malformations were excluded from the study. No complications were observed during and after the procedure. None of the newborns had symptoms of severe asphyxia, the birth weight comprised between 670-1650 g (mean 1207). There was radiological evidence of RDS in two newborns and in 7 mechanical ventilation was needed. Of 15 newborns 13 survived (86.6%). There was no need for postpartum surfactant therapy in any case. Some authors expressed their view that this method is promising and further studies are desirable. In our study surfactant has been injected into the amniotic cavity shortly before childbirth, and Aminophilline has been administered intravenously in order to provoke fetal breathing movements before surfactant injection. The safety of the procedure was confirmed and the results of intraamniotic surfactant supply seems to be favourable to newborns. Small number of cases does not allow to draw any far-reaching conclusions. Still our preliminary results are encouraging and the study should be continued.