Dysglycemia and arrhythmias.

Disorders in glucose metabolism can be divided into three separate but interrelated domains, namely hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, and glycemic variability. Intensive glycemic control in patients with diabetes might increase the risk of hypoglycemic incidents and glucose fluctuations. These three dysglycemic states occur not only amongst patients with diabetes, but are frequently present in other clinical settings, such as during critically ill. A growing body of evidence has focused on the relationships between these dysglycemic domains with cardiac arrhythmias, including supraventricular arrhythmias (primarily atrial fibrillation), ventricular arrhythmias (malignant ventricular arrhythmias and QT interval prolongation), and bradyarrhythmias (bradycardia and heart block). Different mechanisms by which these dysglycemic states might provoke cardiac arr-hythmias have been identified in experimental studies. A customized glycemic control strategy to minimize the risk of hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia and glucose variability is of the utmost importance in order to mitigate the risk of cardiac arrhythmias.

Effect of Calcium Dobesilate in Preventing Contrast-Induced Nephropathy in Patients with Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease.

OBJECTIVES: This study assessed the protective effect of calcium dobesilate against contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) after coronary angiography (CAG) or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease (CKD). METHODS: A total of 130 patients with diabetes and CKD estimated glomerular filtration rate: 30-90 mL/min/1.73m2 were enrolled and included in the analysis. They were divided into experimental (n=65) and control groups (n=65). Patients in the experimental group were administered oral calcium dobesilate (500 mg) three times daily for 2 days before and 3 days after the procedure. The serum creatinine (SCr), cystatin C (Cys C), and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) levels were measured before and after the procedure. RESULTS: The mean SCr level at 24h after the procedure was found to be significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control group (79.1±19.6 µmol/L vs. 87.0±19.3 µmol/L, p=0.023). However, the Cys C and NGAL levels were not significantly different between the two groups at all measurement time points (all p>0.05). The incidence of CIN defined by the SCr level was significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control group (3 [4.6%] vs. 13 [20.0%], p=0.017). However, the incidence of CIN defined by the Cys C level was not statistically different between the two groups (7 [10.8%] vs. 7 [10.8%], p=1.000). CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed that calcium dobesilate has no preventive effect against CIN in patients with diabetes and CKD.

Schizandrin B attenuates hypoxia/reoxygenation injury in H9c2 cells by activating the AMPK/Nrf2 signaling pathway.

Schizandrin B exhibits prominent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, and plays an important role in ameliorating myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. However, the underlying protective mechanisms remain to be elucidated. The aim of the present study was to explore the cardioprotective effects of schizandrin B against hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-induced H9c2 cell injury, focusing on the role of the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway in this process. The results showed that schizandrin B attenuated the H/R-induced decrease in cell viability and the increase in lactate dehydrogenase release, as well as the apoptosis rate in H9c2 cells. Schizandrin B also mitigated H/R-induced oxidative stress, as illustrated by the decrease in intracellular reactive oxygen species generation, malondialdehyde content and NADPH oxidase 2 expression, and the increase in antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities. In addition, schizandrin B reversed the H/R-induced upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines [interleukin (IL)-1ß (IL-1ß) tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-6 and IL-8] and the downregulation of anti-inflammatory cytokines (transforming growth factor-ß and IL-10) in the culture supernatant. Notably, schizandrin B increased the expression of Nrf2, NAD(P)H: Quinone oxidoreductase (NQO-1) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in H/R-treated H9c2 cells, activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway. The cardioprotection of schizandrin B against H/R injury was inhibited by Nrf2 knockdown induced byNrf-2-specific small interfering RNA (siRNA; si-Nrf2) transfection. Furthermore, schizandrin B enhanced phosphorylated (p)-AMPK expression, while AMPK knockdown induced by AMPK-specific siRNA(si-AMPK) transfection remarkably eliminated schizandrin B-induced cardioprotection and reduced Nrf2 expression in H/R-treated H9c2 cells. Taken together, these results suggested that schizandrin B exerts cardioprotection on H/R injury in H9c2 cells due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities via activation of the AMPK/Nrf2 pathway.

Pitavastatin Combined with Ezetimibe Treatment was an Effective Approach to Non-IRA Lesion of ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients with Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.

OBJECTIVE: ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) patients with the multivessel disease have distinctive plaque characteristics in non-IRA lesions. Intensive statin therapy was a potential approach to treat STEMI patients with the non-IRA disease. However, there is still poor evidence about the therapeutic effect. In this study, we have evaluated the detailed therapeutic effect of statin plus ezetimibe intensive therapy. METHODS: For STEMI patients with non-IRA disease undergoing primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI), 183 control STEMI patients without non-IRA disease undergoing primary PCI, and 200 STEMI patients with non-IRA disease undergoing primary PCI were introduced into this study. 200 STEMI patients with non-IRA disease undergoing primary PCI were divided into Normal group, Intensive group, Normal & Combined group, and Intensive & Combined group. The baseline information for each participant was recorded. Meanwhile, the physiological and biochemical indicators of each member with different treatments were collected after one-year follow-up. RESULTS: For STEMI patients with non-IRA disease undergoing primary PCI, no differences could be detected in multiple indexes such as OCT examination results, age, stroke, etc. However, diabetes mellitus, smoking, and coronary Gensini score were different between different groups (P<0.05). After one year follow-up, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, coronary Gensini score, thin-cap fibroatheroma, length of non-infarcted arterial lesions, non-infarct artery lesion range, myocardial infarction again, and revascularization again were significantly different between different groups (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The results mentioned above suggested that pitavastatin combined with ezetimibe was an effective approach for STEMI patients with non-IRA disease undergoing primary PCI. The results obtained in this study have provided a novel method for the treatment of STEMI patients with non-IRA disease undergoing primary PCI.

Usage of Chinese Herbs in Cancer Patients in Southern China: A Survey.

OBJECTIVE: To study the use of Chinese medicine (CM) in cancer patients in southern China. METHODS: A total of 1,950 cancer patients finished questionnaires in four provinces in southern China. The survey included socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of participants, dosage forms, efficacy, and side effects. RESULTS: The study results showed that cancer patients with higher education (>12 years) were more likely to accept the treatment of Chinese herbs. There were 54.61% (1,065 cases) of patients chose Chinese herbs for the initial treatment and 14.46% (282 cases) chose Chinese herbs as monotherapy. Most patients (54.51%, 1,063 cases) continuously used CM for more than 6 months, and a few of them (212 cases) used CM for up to 3 years. All kinds of dosage forms of CM had been used, including CM decoction, CM patent prescription and CM injection. Concerning the efficacy in the view of patients, 40.31% (786 cases) believed that it would be effective to take Chinese herbs before they starting the anti-cancer treatment, and the percentage increased to 81.08% after 1-month CM treatment. The effect of Chinese herbs was mainly demonstrated by symptom relief and improvement of quality of life, and 8.31% (162 cases) of patients experienced control of tumor growth and decreased tumor markers. Furthermore, only 14.31% (279 cases) participants reported that they experienced side effects during CM treatment. CONCLUSION: This large scale investigation reflects the current situation of domestic CM usage objectively and comprehensively, which might provide new ways for cancer treatment.

Effect of calcium dobesilate in preventing contrast-induced nephropathy in patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease

OBJECTIVES: This study assessed the protective effect of calcium dobesilate against contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) after coronary angiography (CAG) or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease (CKD). METHODS: A total of 130 patients with diabetes and CKD estimated glomerular filtration rate: 30-90 mL/min/1.73m2 were enrolled and included in the analysis. They were divided into experimental (n=65) and control groups (n=65). Patients in the experimental group were administered oral calcium dobesilate (500 mg) three times daily for 2 days before and 3 days after the procedure. The serum creatinine (SCr), cystatin C (Cys C), and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) levels were measured before and after the procedure. RESULTS: The mean SCr level at 24h after the procedure was found to be significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control group (79.1±19.6 μmol/L vs. 87.0±19.3 μmol/L, p=0.023). However, the Cys C and NGAL levels were not significantly different between the two groups at all measurement time points (all p>0.05). The incidence of CIN defined by the SCr level was significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control group (3 [4.6%] vs. 13 [20.0%], p=0.017). However, the incidence of CIN defined by the Cys C level was not statistically different between the two groups (7 [10.8%] vs. 7 [10.8%], p=1.000). CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed that calcium dobesilate has no preventive effect against CIN in patients with diabetes and CKD.

DPPN-SVM: Computational Identification of Mis-Localized Proteins in Cancers by Integrating Differential Gene Expressions With Dynamic Protein-Protein Interaction Networks.

Eukaryotic cells contain numerous components, which are known as subcellular compartments or subcellular organelles. Proteins must be sorted to proper subcellular compartments to carry out their molecular functions. Mis-localized proteins are related to various cancers. Identifying mis-localized proteins is important in understanding the pathology of cancers and in developing therapies. However, experimental methods, which are used to determine protein subcellular locations, are always costly and time-consuming. We tried to identify cancer-related mis-localized proteins in three different cancers using computational approaches. By integrating gene expression profiles and dynamic protein-protein interaction networks, we established DPPN-SVM (Dynamic Protein-Protein Network with Support Vector Machine), a predictive model using the SVM classifier with diffusion kernels. With this predictive model, we identified a number of mis-localized proteins. Since we introduced the dynamic protein-protein network, which has never been considered in existing works, our model is capable of identifying more mis-localized proteins than existing studies. As far as we know, this is the first study to incorporate dynamic protein-protein interaction network in identifying mis-localized proteins in cancers.

Efficacy and Safety of OnabotulinumtoxinA in Patients With Neurogenic Detrusor Overactivity Caused by Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

PURPOSE: OnabotulinumtoxinA (BoNT-A) is a promising therapy for treating neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO) in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI). This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to carry out an in-depth review and to make an objective estimation of the efficacy and safety of BoNT-A on NDO after SCI. METHODS: The PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched for all relevant articles published from 2001 to 2016 that referred to NDO, SCI, and BoNT-A or botulinum toxin A. All data were recorded in an Excel spreadsheet by 2 individual reviewers. Review Manager version 5.3 was used to carry out the meta-analysis. RESULTS: This analysis included 17 studies involving 1,455 patients. Compared with placebo and baseline, BoNT-A was effective in increasing maximum cystometric capacity, volume at first involuntary detrusor contraction, cystometric bladder capacity (all P<0.00001), compliance (P=0.001), and the number of patients with complete dryness (P=0.0003), and decreasing detrusor pressure, the number of patients with no involuntary detrusor contractions, the maximum flow rate, the incidence of detrusor overactivity (all P<0.00001), and the number of urinary incontinence episodes (P=0.001). There were no statistically significant differences between doses of 200 U and 300 U or between injections into the detrusor and submucosa. There were no life-threatening adverse events. CONCLUSION: BoNT-A is effective and safe in treating NDO after SCI. There were no statistically significant differences between doses of 200 U and 300 U or between injecting into the detrusor and submucosa. However, more high-quality randomized controlled trials are still needed.

Cardioprotective effects of traditional Chinese medicine Guanmaitong on acute myocardial infarction.

Guanmaitong (GMT) is a traditional Chinese herbal compound that has been used for the treatment of coronary heart disease (CHD) and other cardiovascular diseases. However, the efficacy of GMT in treating cardiovascular diseases remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective mechanisms and identify the targeted proteins and signaling networks associated with the physiological activity of GMT in a rat model of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated into five groups: Control group (sham-operated), the model group, and small, medium, and large dosage GMT groups. The rat model of AMI was established via ligation of the coronary artery. The results indicate that GMT was able to reduce myocardial infarction size and improve the activities of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and interleukin-1. Furthermore, the reduced apoptotic index of the GMT-treated cardiocytes (P<0.05 vs. model group) was in accordance with the downregulated expression of Bax and the upregulated expression of Bcl-2. In conclusion, GMT may exert a protective potential against myocardial infarction injury by inhibiting apoptosis and inflammation of cardiomyocytes, and may offer a promising adjunct treatment for CHD.

Upstream therapeutic strategies of Valsartan and Fluvastatin on Hypertensive patients with non-permanent Atrial Fibrillation (VF-HT-AF): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies regarding rhythm control in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) could not sufficiently demonstrate the efficacy of available anti-arrhythmic drugs. 'Upstream therapy' has emerged as a potential strategy for the prevention and treatment of AF. The use of angiotensin II receptor blockers and statins has been suggested to decrease new-onset AF, but which remains inadequately explored. This study was designed to examine whether valsartan or fluvastatin can reduce the risk of non-permanent AF in patients with hypertension. METHODS/DESIGN: The VF-HT-AF study is a multicenter, randomized, open-label, four-arm parallel group study with comparative evaluation of valsartan and fluvastatin as upstream therapies for the treatment of non-permanent AF complicated by hypertension. The primary outcome measure is change in the development of paroxysmal AF into persistent or permanent AF, the development of persistent AF to permanent AF, and change in incidence of overall and persistent AF recurrence, as evaluated by 7-days ambulatory electrocardiograph monitoring (Holter) and patients' diaries during 2 years' follow-up. Secondary outcome measures of this study include the occurrence of: (1) fatal and nonfatal myocardial infarction; (2) heart failure (New York Heart Association stage III or IV); (3) cardiogenic shock; (4) serious bleeding necessitating hospitalization; (5) malignant ventricular arrhythmia; (6) revascularization therapy; (7) radiofrequency catheter ablation of AF; (8) changes of left atrial dimension, as measured by ultrasound echocardiography; (9) stroke; (10) cardiovascular mortality; and (11) all-cause mortality. A total of 1879 patients will be investigated from 15 medical centers throughout China to obtain the relevant information. DISCUSSION: This is the first study in hypertensive patients complicated non-permanent AF in the Chinese population. Results of this study will inform the use of upstream therapies of AF. TRIAL REGISTRATION: chictr.org, ChiCTR-TRC-12002642.

Testin on Atherosclerosis in Rabbits.

BACKGROUND: The expression of TES, a novel tumor suppressor gene, is found to be down-regulated in the left anterior descending aorta of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) compared with non-CAD subjects. This study aimed to investigate the expression of TES during the development of atherosclerosis in rabbits. METHODS: Thirty-two New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into a normal diet (ND) and high-fat diet (HFD) groups. Body weight and serum lipid levels were measured at 0, 4, and 12 weeks after diet treatment. The degree of atherosclerosis in thoracic aortas was analyzed by histological examinations. The expression of Testin in the tissue samples was inspected via immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence confocal microscopy. Real time-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis were performed to evaluate the expression of TES/Testin at mRNA and protein levels in the aortic tissues. RESULTS: After 12 weeks postenrollment, rabbits in HFD group had a higher level of serum lipids and atherosclerotic plaque compared to ND group (P < 0.05). Testin expression was detected at high levels in the endothelium and a weak expression on the subendothelium area. The expression of TES mRNA was markedly reduced by 10-fold in the aortic tissues in the HFD group compared with the ND group (P = 0.015), and the protein level was also significantly decreased in the HFD group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Reduced TES/Testin expression is associated with the development of atherosclerosis, implicating a potentially important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.

[Preliminary histological and biomechanical study about the timing of surgical repair for acute rotator cuff tears in rabbits].

OBJECTIVES: To establish the animal model of acute rotator cuff tear in rabbits, and study the effect of timing of surgical repair on healing of tendon-bone interface, formation and distribution of collagens in the supraspinatus tendon insertion and biomechanical properties of supraspinatus. METHODS: Supraspinatus tenotomy was performed in the right shoulder of 90 skeletally matured male New Zealand white rabbits to establish the animal model of acute rotator cuff tear. The rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups : group of early repair, repaired at 1 week after tenotomy; group of late repair, repaired at 4 weeks after tenotomy; and group without repair, used as control. At 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 8 weeks after repair, healing of tendon-bone interface was observed by HE staining. Collagens were observed by Sirius Red F 3B (SR) in saturated carbazotic acid staining. The areas of type I and III collagens were measured by using imaging analysis software and the ratio of type I and III collagens were calculated. Failure loads of supraspinatus on both sides were measured. The percentage of failure loads of the surgical side was calculated and contralateral supraspinatus were uninjured. RESULTS: There was no obvious fatty infiltration and muscle atrophy in supraspinatus in all groups. At 8 weeks, the formation of a new enthesis of supraspinatus in groups of early and late repair were observed. In groups of early and late repair, the ratio of areas of type I and III collagens at 8 weeks (2.02 ± 0.77 and 2.06 ± 0.58) was larger than that at 2 weeks (1.10 ± 0.24 and 1.14 ± 0.50, t = 3.082, 3.655, P < 0.01). At 2, 4 and 8 weeks, the percentages of failure loads of the surgical side and uninjured contralateral supraspinatus in group of early repair(38% ± 11%, 66% ± 7%, 89% ± 4%) and group of late repair (41% ± 16%, 63% ± 7%, 89% ± 9%) were both higher than that in group without repair (14% ± 6%, 32% ± 4%, 56% ± 12%); the differences were all statistically significant (group of early repair: t = 3.311, 8.549, 5.719; group of late repair: t = 3.713, 8.063, 6.044; P < 0.01). The percentage of failure loads of the surgical side and uninjured contralateral supraspinatus at 8 weeks was higher than those at 4 weeks (t = 3.878 - 4.613, P < 0.01) and 2 weeks (t = 7.158 - 10.024, P < 0.01) in all groups. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical repair within 4 weeks of acute rotator cuff tear lead to formation of a new enthesis of supraspinatus, improvement of both ratio of type I collagen in the supraspinatus tendon insertion and biomechanical properties of supraspinatus.

'Smoker's paradox' in young patients with acute myocardial infarction.

1. Of the patients suffering from acute myocardial infarction (AMI), smokers are younger than non-smokers, which may be a major confounding factor causing 'smoker's paradox'. Therefore, in the present study we evaluated the 'smoker's paradox' in young patients with AMI.2. In all, 1218 young AMI patients (≤ 45 years of age), comprising 990 smokers and 228 non-smokers, were enrolled in the present study. In-hospital and 8 months clinical outcomes were compared between the smokers and non-smokers. 3. Baseline clinical characteristics showed that smokers were more likely to be male (97.9% vs 72.4%; P < 0.001) and had a higher rate of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (71.3% vs 59.5%; P = 0.001) than non-smokers. Clinical outcomes showed that smokers had lower rates of in-hospital cardiac death (0.8% vs 3.5%; P = 0.004), total death (0.8% vs 3.5%; P = 0.004) and 8 months cardiac death (1.1% vs 3.9%; P = 0.006) and total death (1.3% vs 4.4%; P = 0.005) than non-smokers. Multivariable logistic analysis showed that current smoking was an independent protective predictor of 8 months cardiac death (odds ratio (OR) 0.25; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.07-0.92; P = 0.037) and total death (OR 0.26; 95% CI 0.09-0.82; P = 0.021). Subgroup analysis in patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention after AMI showed that current smoking was an independent protective predictor of 8 months total major adverse cardiac events (OR 0.47; 95% CI 0.23-0.97; P = 0.041). 4. Current smoking seems to be associated with better clinical outcomes in young patients with AMI, suggesting the existence of the 'smoker's paradox' in this particular subset of patients.

Peripheral arterial disease is associated with coronary artery spasm as assessed by an intracoronary acetylcholine provocation test.

1. Both peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and coronary artery spasm (CAS) are associated with endothelial dysfunction. Thus, a higher incidence of CAS may be expected in patients with PAD. In the present study, we evaluated the incidence and characteristics of CAS in patients with PAD. 2. A total of 78 patients with PAD and 241 age- and gender-matched patients without PAD who had chest pain with normal coronary appearance on coronary angiograms underwent intracoronary acetylcholine (ACh) provocation test. Acetylcholine was injected into the left coronary artery in incremental doses of 20, 50 and 100 microg/min. Significant CAS was defined as a transient > 70% luminal narrowing with concurrent chest pain and/or ST segment changes. 3. Patients with PAD had a significantly higher incidence of ACh-induced significant CAS than those without PAD (60.3 vs 34.0%, respectively P < 0.001), as well as chest pain and ST segment changes during the ACh provocation test. Patients with PAD were more sensitive to lower doses of ACh and had a higher incidence of multivessel spasm than those without PAD. Multivariable logistic analysis showed that age, current smoking, PAD and myocardial bridge were independent predictors of ACh-induced significant CAS. Moreover, of these factors, PAD was the strongest independent predictor (odds ratio 4.25; confidence interval 1.33-13.54; P = 0.014). 4. In patients with chest pain, the presence of arterial disease at another site should still push the clinician towards treating the chest pain as angina, even if the coronary anatomy is normal on a coronary angiogram.

[The experimental study of histomorphology and biomechanical of cortical strut allograft in proximal femoral].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the deep-frozen allograft strut in the rabbits for the sake of finding some evidence to support the clinical practice of cortical strut allograft. METHODS: Fifty deep-frozen allograft struts were implanted on the lateral side of the femur in 50 male New Zealand white rabbits. These rabbits were randomly divided into 5 groups. The specimen were retrieved at 2, 4, 8, 16, 24 weeks after surgeries. In each group histomorphology and biomechanic properties were studied. RESULTS: From the X ray photography the edge of the strut would turn blunt at the 4th week, union could be found at the 8th week, the inner side of the strut could be absorbed at the 24th week. In the early stage when the strut was implanted in the rabbit, the capillary would be found to grow into the cortical strut from the interior side of it. Then the capillaries were found to converge at the 16th week. This phenomenon is correspondent with the resorption of the dead bone and formation of the new bone. There are few neoformated capillaries on the lateral side of the strut. From the decalcificied section, allograft struts were found to unit to the host at 4 to 8th week. Osteoclast and the new bone formation could be seen at the 8th week, and 3% of the total area of what had been the allograft was replaced by the new bone at that time, 12% was replaced at the 16th week, 21% at the 24th week. There are few resorption or neoformated bone at the lateral side of the strut. The biomechanical property indicated that the strength of the strut decreased at the early time, and only 38% of its original strength remained at 16 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: The cortical allograft strut can unit to the host by the callus. The capillaries invading into the allograft from the interior side, new bone is formed from the interior side. The biomechanical strength of the strut decreased at early stage.

[Analysis of factors correlated to death and reinfarction in patients with acute myocardial infarction].

OBJECTIVE: To identify the predictors of death and reinfarction in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) treated with urokinase (UK) thrombolysis or percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). METHODS: In ambispective cohort study, 97 cases of AMI were treated with UK thrombolytic therapy, while 93 cases of AMI were treated with PTCA. The patients' data about clinical outcome during hospital and follow-up periods were collected. Death and reinfarction were defined as adverse event. To analyze the correlative factors and independent predictors of death and reinfarction, the spearman rank correlation and multivariate logistic regression modeling were performed. RESULTS: During hospital,incidences of adverse event were 15.46 percent and 6.45 percent in UK and PTCA groups respectively. In follow-up period, they were 30.93 percent and 9.68 percent respectively. Age, Q wave leads, Kill ip class, heart failure in hospital, the history of hypertension and myocardial infarction were positive correlation with adverse event, whereas history of smoking, systolic blood pressure and ejection fraction (EF) showed negative correlation with the adverse event. The interventional therapy, associated with lower mortality and reinfarction rate, was the independent predictor for adverse event in UK and PTCA groups during hospital and follow-up periods. Furthermore, it was the only independent predictor for PTCA group. In UK group, the adverse event also was independently predicted by age, heart failure and Q wave leads in hospital and by age, heart failure during follow-up period. There was negative correlation between preinfarction angina and adverse event, and positive correlation between thrombolysis and adverse event inpatients undergone rescue PTCA. CONCLUSION: Interventional therapy is crucial independent predictor for adverse event of patients suffering from AMI. The adverse event is also predicted by age, Q wave leads and heart failure. The history of preinfarction angina is negative correlation with the adverse event in hospital, due to, maybe, myocardium ischemia preconditioning.