Rapamycin enhances the anti-angiogenesis and anti-proliferation ability of YM155 in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

YM155, a small molecule inhibitor of survivin, has been studied in many tumors. It has been shown that YM155 inhibited oral squamous cell carcinoma through promoting apoptosis and autophagy and inhibiting proliferation. It was found that YM155 also inhibited the oral squamous cell carcinoma-mediated angiogenesis through the inactivation of the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway. Rapamycin, a mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor, played an important role in the proliferation and angiogenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines. In our study, cell proliferation assay, transwell assay, tube formation assay, and western blot assay were used to investigate the synergistic effect of rapamycin on YM155 in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Either in vitro or in vivo, rapamycin and YM155 exerted a synergistic effect on the inhibition of survivin and vascular endothelial growth factor through mammalian target of rapamycin pathway. Overall, our results revealed that low-dose rapamycin strongly promoted the sensitivity of oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines to YM155.

Diffuse-type giant cell tumor of the tendon sheath in the temporal region incidentally diagnosed due to a temporal tumor: A report of two cases and review of the literature.

Diffuse-type tenosynovial giant cell tumor (D-GCTS) is a rare benign lesion that not only frequently occurs in the fingers, but also along the tendon sheaths of the foot and ankle. The present study reports the cases of two middle-aged patients that were diagnosed with D-GCTS. The presentation of the D-GCTS lesions was extremely rare, as the tumors were located in the temporal fossa and threatened the skull base and external auditory canal. There were similarities and differences between the two patients in their clinical symptoms, disease progressions and invading sites. The patients' disease course occurred unnoticed with the absence of pain, was protracted and became infiltrative. However, the female patient was admitted to the hospital due to the occurrence of pain in the left temporal region, and the male patient presented at the doctor due to a painless left temporal mass and external auditory canal bleeding. Therefore, the operation area of the two patients was not the same. This type of illness should be considered in the differential diagnosis for masses occurring in the temporal region. Total tumor removal is the best treatment for D-GCTS, and the careful monitoring of recurrence can achieve a good clinical outcome subsequent to the surgical resection.