Biological characteristics of Muse cells derived from MenSCs and their application in acute liver injury and intracerebral hemorrhage diseases.

The increasing interest in multilineage differentiating stress-enduring (Muse) cells within the field of regenerative medicine is attributed to their exceptional homing capabilities, prolonged viability in adverse conditions, and enhanced three-germ-layer differentiate ability, surpassing their parent mesenchymal stem cells. Given their abundant sources, non-invasive collection procedure, and periodic availability, human menstrual blood-derived endometrium stem cells (MenSCs) have been extensively investigated as a potential resource for stem cell-based therapies. However, there is no established modality to isolate Muse cells from MenSCs and disparity in gene expression profiles between Muse cells and MenSCs remain unknown. In this study, Muse cells were isolated from MenSCs by long-time trypsin incubation method. Muse cells expressed pluripotency markers and could realize multilineage differentiation in vitro. Compared with MenSCs, Muse cells showed enhanced homing ability and superior therapeutic efficacy in animal models of acute liver injury (ALI) and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Furthermore, the RNA-seq analysis offers insights into the mechanism underlying the disparity in trypsin resistance and migration ability between Muse and MenSCs cells. This research offers a significant foundation for further exploration of cell-based therapies using MenSCs-derived Muse cells in the context of various human diseases, highlighting their promising application in the field of regenerative medicine.

The mutations on the envelope glycoprotein D contribute to the enhanced neurotropism of the pseudorabies virus variant.

The pseudorabies virus (PRV) TJ strain, a variant of PRV, induces more severe neurological symptoms and higher mortality in piglets and mice than the PRV SC strain isolated in 1980. However, the mechanism underlying responsible for the discrepancy in virulence between these strains remains unclear. Our study investigated the differences in neurotropism between PRV TJ and PRV SC using both in vitro and in vivo models. We discovered that PRV TJ enters neural cells more efficiently than PRV SC. Furthermore, we found that PRV TJ has indistinguishable genomic DNA replication capability and axonal retrograde transport dynamics compared to the PRV SC. To gain deeper insights into the mechanisms underlying these differences, we constructed gene-interchanged chimeric virus constructs and assessed the affinity between envelope glycoprotein B, C, and D (gD) and corresponding receptors. Our findings confirmed that mutations in these envelope proteins, particularly gD, significantly contributed to the heightened attachment and penetration capabilities of PRV TJ. Our study revealed the critical importance of the gDΔR278/P279 and gDV338A in facilitating viral invasion. Furthermore, our observations indicated that mutations in envelope proteins have a more significant impact on viral invasion than on virulence in the mouse model. Our findings provide valuable insights into the roles of natural mutations on the PRV envelope glycoproteins in cell tropism, which sheds light on the relationship between cell tropism and clinical symptoms and offers clues about viral evolution.

Chromosome-Level Analysis of the Pelochelys cantorii Genome Provides Insights to Its Immunity, Growth and Longevity.

The Asian giant soft-shelled turtle, Pelochelys cantorii (Trionychidae), is one of the largest aquatic turtles in China and was designated as a First-Grade Protected Animal in China in 1989. Previous investigation based on a combination of Illumina short-read, PacBio long-read and Hi-C scaffolding technologies acquired a high-quality chromosome-level genome of Pc. cantorii. In this study, comparative genomic analysis between Pc. cantorii and 16 other vertebrate genomes indicated that turtles separated from the ancestor of archosaurians approximately 256.6 (95% highest posterior density interval, 263.6-251.9) million years ago (Mya) (Upper Permian to Triassic) and that Pc. cantorii separated from the ancestor of Pd. sinensis and R. swinhoei approximately 59.3 (95% highest posterior density interval, 64.3-54.3) Mya. Moreover, several candidate genes, such as VWA5A, ABCG2, A2M and IGSF1, associated with tumor suppression, growth and age were expanded, implicating their potential roles in the exceptional longevity of turtles. This new chromosome-level assembly has important scientific value in the study of conservation of Pc. cantorii and also enriches the evolutionary investigation of turtle species.

One-step synthesis of thiol-functionalized metal coordination polymers: effective and superfast removal of Hg (II) in the different matrices to ppb level.

The mercury in water bodies has posed a great threat to the environment and humans, and removing mercury and purifying wastewater has become a global environmental issue. Adopting Zn(II) coordination polymers (Zn-CPs) emerged as a new approach, however, the kind of Zn-CPs, which solely consisted of amino groups, exhibited unsatisfactory performance in capturing Hg(II) at a low level and causing the subsequent leaching of Zn(II) after adsorption. In this study, we fabricated the thiol-modified Zn-based coordination polymers (Zn-CPs-SH) through a one-step solvothermal reaction to efficiently capture Hg(II) from wastewater. Its preeminent adsorption performance could be maintained across a broad range of pH (2-7), ion strength (Cl-, SO42-, and NO3- at 0-10,000 mg/L), and dissolved organic matter (0-100 mg/L). The impressive properties, including fast kinetics (k2∼1.01 × 10-4 L/min), outstanding adsorption capacity (1278.72 mg/g, 298 K), superior selectivity (Kd∼2.3 × 104 mL/g), and excellent regeneration capability (Re = 93.54% after 5 cycles), were attributed to the ultra-abundance of adsorption sites donating from thiol groups, which was revealed by XPS analysis, DFT calculations, and molecular orbital theory. Noteworthy, the high practical application potential of Zn-CPs-SH was demonstrated by its outstanding Hg(II) removal efficiency (Re ≥ 99.10%) in various Hg(II)-spiked water matrices, e.g., tap water, river water, and industrial wastewater. Importantly, the residual Hg(II) in the treated water declined to the ppb level without any Zn(II) leaching. Overall, it is highly anticipated that the incorporation of Zn-CPs-SH would facilitate the practical implementation of highly efficient Hg(II) removal in wastewater treatment owing to its exhibiting high selective affinity, superior adsorption capacity, and enhanced efficiency.

Comparative analyses and phylogenetic relationships of thirteen Pholidota species (Orchidaceae) inferred from complete chloroplast genomes.

BACKGROUND: The orchid genus Pholidota Lindl. ex Hook. is economically important as some species has long been used in traditional medicine. However, the systematic status of the genus and intergeneric relationships inferred from previous molecular studies are unclear due to insufficient sampling and lack of informative sites. So far, only limited genomic information has been available. The taxonomy of Pholidota remains unresolved and somewhat controversial. In this study, the complete chloroplast (cp.) genomes of thirteen Pholidota species were sequenced and analyzed to gain insight into the phylogeny of Pholidota and mutation patterns in their cp. genomes. RESULTS: All examined thirteen Pholidota cp. genomes exhibited typical quadripartite circular structures, with the size ranging from 158,786 to 159,781 bp. The annotation contained a total of 135 genes in each cp. genome, i.e., 89 protein-coding genes, 38 tRNA genes, and eight rRNA genes. The codon usage analysis indicated the preference of A/U-ending codons. Repeat sequence analysis identified 444 tandem repeats, 322 palindromic repeats and 189 dispersed repeats. A total of 525 SSRs, 13,834 SNPs and 8,630 InDels were detected. Six mutational hotspots were identified as potential molecular markers. These molecular markers and highly variable regions are expected to facilitate future genetic and genomic studies. Our phylogenetic analyses confirmed the polyphyletic status of the genus Pholidota, with species grouped into four main clades: Pholidota s.s. was resolved as the sister to a clade containing species of Coelogyne; the other two clades clustered together with species of Bulleyia and Panisea, respectively; species P. ventricosa was placed at the basal position, deviated from all other species. CONCLUSION: This is the first study to comprehensively examine the genetic variations and systematically analyze the phylogeny and evolution of Pholidota based on plastid genomic data. These findings contribute to a better understanding of plastid genome evolution of Pholidota and provide new insights into the phylogeny of Pholidota and its closely related genera within the subtribe Coelogyninae. Our research has laid the foundation for future studies on the evolutionary mechanisms and classification of this economically and medicinally important genus.

The Damage to Thick Steel Plates by Local Contact Explosions.

The paper presents the damage results of thick steel plates subjected to local blast loading using experimental and numerical approaches. Three steel plates with a thickness of 17 mm under the local contact explosion of trinitrotoluene (TNT) explosives were tested, and the damaged parts of the steel plates were scanned using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). ANSYS LS-DYNA software was used to simulate the damage results of the steel plate. By analyzing and comparing the experimental results with the numerical simulation results, the influence law of the TNT acting on the steel plate, the damage mode of the steel plate, the reliability verification of the numerical simulation, and the criterion for judging the damage mode of the steel plate were obtained. Results show that the damage mode of the steel plate changes with the changes in the explosive charge. The diameter of the crater on the surface of the steel plate is mainly related to the diameter of the contact surface between the explosive and the steel plate. The fracture mode of the steel plate in the process of generating cracks is a quasi-cleavage fracture, and the process of generating craters and perforations in the steel plate is a ductile fracture. The damage mode of the steel plates can be divided into three types. The numerical simulation results have minor errors and high reliability, and numerical simulation can be used as an auxiliary tool for experiments. A new criterion is proposed to predict the damage mode of the steel plates under contact explosion.

Effects of Pipeline Pressure on Diffusion Characteristics of Leaked Natural Gas in Tunnel Space.

Pipeline transportation has become the main mode of natural gas transportation. Due to inevitable aging, corrosion, and third-party damage, natural gas pipeline leakage accidents occur frequently. Leakage in the tunnel will lead to the leakage and accumulation of natural gas, and the potential explosion risk will threaten the tunnel's safety. It is significant to elaborate on the diffusion behavior of leaked natural gas in tunnel space for the traceability of leakage points and the formulation of safety technical measures. In this paper, a scale-down experimental platform for natural gas pipeline leakage in the tunnel is built, and the influence of pipeline pressure on natural gas diffusion characteristics is described. The results show that the diffusion process of leaked natural gas in the tunnel space shows obvious segmentation characteristics, and the concentration of natural gas reaches the maximum at the end of the continuous leakage stage. The increased pipeline pressure promotes natural gas diffusion, and the concentration of natural gas under 1.0 and 1.2 MPa rises sharply. First dangerous time (FDT) and maximum accumulated concentration (MAC) have a negative correlation with the leakage distance, while FDT and MAC have a good exponential and linear relationship with the pipeline pressure (0.2-1.2 MPa), respectively.

[Neurophilic herpesvirus: a powerful tool for neuroscience research].

Viruses are powerful tools for the study of modern neurosciences. Most of the research on the connection and function of neurons were done by using recombinant viruses, among which neurotropic herpesvirus is one of the most important tools. With the continuous development of genetic engineering and molecular biology techniques, several recombinant neurophilic herpesviruses have been engineered into different viral tools for neuroscience research. This review describes and discusses several common and widely used neurophilic herpesviruses as nerve conduction tracers, viral vectors for neurological diseases, and lytic viruses for neuro-oncology applications, which provides a reference for further exploring the function of neurophilic herpesviruses.

Identification of the CCL2 PI3K/Akt axis involved in autophagy and apoptosis after spinal cord injury.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating neurological disease with no cure that usually results in irreversible loss of sensory and voluntary motor functions below the injury site. We conducted an in-depth bioinformatics analysis combining the gene expression omnibus spinal cord injury database and the autophagy database and found that the expression of the autophagy gene CCL2 was significantly upregulated and the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway was activated after SCI. The results of the bioinformatics analysis were verified by constructing animal and cellular models of SCI. We then used small interfering RNA to inhibit the expression of CCL2 and PI3K to inhibit and activate the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway; western blot, immunofluorescence, monodansylcadaverine, and cell flow techniques were used to detect the expression of key proteins involved in downstream autophagy and apoptosis. We found that when PI3K inhibitors were activated, apoptosis decreased, the levels of autophagy-positive proteins LC3-I/LC3-II and Bcl-1 increased, the levels of autophagy-negative protein P62 decreased, the levels of pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and caspase-3 decreased, the levels of the apoptosis-inhibiting protein Bcl-2 increased. In contrast, when a PI3K activator was used, autophagy was inhibited, and apoptosis was increased. This study revealed the effect of CCL2 on autophagy and apoptosis after SCI through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. By blocking the expression of the autophagy-related gene CCL2, the autophagic protective response can be activated, and apoptosis can be inhibited, which may be a promising strategy for the treatment of SCI.

Tea polyphenol and epigallocatechin gallate ameliorate hyperlipidemia via regulating liver metabolism and remodeling gut microbiota.

Hyperlipidemia can directly cause metabolic diseases that seriously endanger disorder and metabolism and gut health. Tea polyphenol (TP) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) was found to improve blood lipid levels and gut microbiota. This study aimed to investigate the effects of TP and EGCG on alleviating hyperlipidemia and liver fat accumulation with physiology, genomics, and metabolomics. Results showed that both TP and EGCG reduced body weight, and TP showed advantages in the decrease of serum cholesterol and triglycerides in hyperlipidemic rats induced by the high-fat diet. Moreover, EGCG may protect liver function via reducing the glycerophospholipids increased by high-fat diet intervention. TP remodeled the gut microbiota composition and enriched the abundance of beneficial bacteria (Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium, Parabacteroides, Akkermansia), and EGCG may improve gut health via promoting the acid-producing bacteria (such as Butyricimonas, Desulfovibrio). The above results provided new insights into the hypolipidemic mechanism of TP and EGCG.

Long-term effects of jump rope training on athletes' physical health / Reflexo à longo prazo no treino de saltar corda sobre a aptidão física dos atletas / Reflejo a largo plazo del entrenamiento de saltar cuerda en la aptitud física de los atletas

ABSTRACT Introduction Jumping rope is an aerobic exercise that requires little time, consumes a high energy level, and does not require sizeable physical space or high investments. Although there are extensive studies in the literature on its short- and medium-term benefits, long-term responses are still inconclusive. Objective Explore the long-term effects of jump rope training on the physical health of athletes. Methods A randomized study was conducted before the protocol of regular physical education activities. The experimental group was differentiated by practicing a specific long-term jump rope protocol. Interferences of external factors were controlled during the 12 weeks of the experiment. Data analysis, observation of changes in fitness indicators, and statistical control were discussed. Results The mean time for a 50-meter run was 8.85s versus 9.63s before the experiment. A gain of 0.78s, representing an 8% increase over the speed. The girls' mean value before the experiment was 9.62s versus 9.18s after the experiment. The gain of 0.44 seconds represented an increase of 4.6%. Well-being perception was improved with injuries reduction over the control group. Conclusion Long-term jump rope training has been shown to improve fitness and reduce injuries in athletes and has the potential to become a viable option for physical education training. Evidence Level II; Therapeutic Studies - Investigating the result.

RESUMO Introdução O salto de corda é um exercício aeróbico que exige pouco tempo e consome muita energia, não requerendo grande espaço físico ou altos investimentos. Apesar de numerosos estudos na literatura sobre seus benefícios à curto e médio prazo, as respostas à longo prazo ainda são inconclusivas. Objetivo Explorar os efeitos à longo prazo no treino de saltar corda sobre a saúde física dos atletas. Métodos Foi efetuado um estudo duplo cego randomizando prévio ao protocolo de atividades de educação física regulares. O grupo experimental diferenciou-se por praticar um protocolo específico de salto de corda à longo prazo. Interferências de fatores externos foram controladas durante as 12 semanas do experimento. A análise de dados, observação de alterações nos indicadores de aptidão física e controle estatístico foram discutidos. Resultados O tempo médio para corrida de 50 metros foi de 8,85s contra 9,63s antes do experimento. Um ganho de 0,78s, representando um aumento de 8% sobre a velocidade, o valor médio das meninas antes do experimento era de 9,62s contra 9,18s após o experimento. O ganho de 0,44 segundos, representou um aumento de 4,6%. A percepção de bem estar foi aprimorada e houve uma redução no número de lesões sobre o grupo controle. Conclusão O treino de saltar corda a longo prazo mostrou-se benéfico ao melhorar a aptidão física e reduzir as lesões dos atletas, e tem o potencial de tornar-se uma opção viável para os treinos de educação física. Nível de evidência II; Estudos Terapêuticos - Investigação de Resultados.

RESUMEN Introducción Saltar la cuerda es un ejercicio aeróbico que requiere poco tiempo y consume mucha energía, no necesita un gran espacio físico ni altas inversiones. Aunque existen amplios estudios en la literatura sobre sus beneficios a corto y medio plazo, las respuestas a largo plazo aún no son concluyentes. Objetivo Explorar los efectos a largo plazo del entrenamiento de saltar la cuerda en la salud física de los atletas. Métodos Se realizó un estudio aleatorio previo al protocolo de actividades regulares de educación física. El grupo experimental se diferenció por la práctica de un protocolo específico de equilibrio de cuerda a largo plazo. Las interferencias de los factores externos se controlaron durante las 12 semanas del experimento. Se analizaron los datos, la observación de los cambios en los indicadores de aptitud y el control estadístico. Resultados El tiempo medio para la carrera de 50 metros fue de 8,85s en comparación con los 9,63s antes del experimento. Una ganancia de 0,78s, que representa un aumento del 8% sobre la velocidad, el valor medio de las jóvenes antes del experimento era de 9,62s frente a 9,18s después del experimento. La ganancia de 0,44 segundos, representó un aumento del 4,6%. La percepción de bienestar mejoró y se redujo el número de lesiones con respecto al grupo de control. Conclusión El entrenamiento de salto de cuerda a largo plazo ha demostrado ser beneficioso para mejorar la forma física y reducir las lesiones en los atletas, y tiene el potencial de convertirse en una opción viable para el entrenamiento de la educación física. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - Investigación de resultados.

Pyroptosis-related genes play a significant role in the prognosis of gastric cancer.

BACKGROUND: Pyroptosis is an inflammatory form of programmed cell death, which has been shown to be related to the prognosis of many tumors. However, its role in gastric cancer (GC) is not fully understood. AIM: To evaluate the expression of pyroptosis-related genes in GC and its correlation with prognosis. METHODS: We constructed prognostic multigene markers of differentially expressed genes associated with pyroptosis by least absolute contraction and selection operator Cox regression. The risk model was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier curve, two-sided log-rank test and functional enrichment analysis. RESULTS: Sixty-three pyroptosis-related genes were differentially expressed in tumor tissues and adjacent nontumor tissues. Based on these differentially expressed genes, 5 gene signature were constructed and all GC patients were classified into two risk groups. Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed that the overall survival (OS) of patients in the high-risk group was significantly lower than that of the low-risk group. Multivariate Cox regression analyses showed that the risk score was an independent risk factor for OS. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis confirmed the predictive ability of the model. External validation indicated increased OS in the low-risk group. The immune function and immune cell scores of the high-risk group were generally higher than those of the low-risk group. CONCLUSION: Pyroptosis-related genes play a significant role in tumor immune microenvironment. This novel model, which contains 5 pyroptosis-related genes, is an independent predicting factor for OS in GC patients, and may help to evaluate the prognosis of GC.

Comprehensive characterization of glucomannans from different sources to trigger moderate macrophages immune activation.

Macrophage activation is involved in the outcome of many diseases and is recognized as one of the best targets for disease intervention. Glucomannans had shown promising immunomodulatory potential. Herein, the activation performance of macrophages by glucomannans from different sources was thoroughly investigated. Glucomannans triggered the immune activation of macrophages, which was mainly manifested in increasing the secretion of immune effector molecules, enhancing the endocytosis and phagocytosis of macrophages, and selectively facilitating the expression of M1 phenotype. The participation of NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways further validated the immune activation of macrophages by glucomannans. Correlation analysis indicated acetyl might be a feasible target for glucomannans to induce immune activation and the molecular weight (Mw) of glucomannans was also inseparable from the performance of immune activation. In conclusion, glucomannans showed a moderate immune activation effect on macrophages, and their difference in immune activation was closely related to the acetyl content and Mw.

Experimental and Numerical Study of Natural Gas Leakage and Explosion Characteristics.

Frequent occurrence of indoor natural gas explosion accidents seriously threatens the safety of people and property. To determine the law of indoor natural gas leakage and explosion hazards, based on experiment and simulation, the nature of natural gas explosion, the distribution law of natural gas volume fraction, flame propagation, temperature, and shock wave overpressure were studied. The results show that the flame structure can be divided into three zones, i.e., preheat zone, reaction zone, and product zone. OH + CO ⇔ H + CO2 is the main exothermic reaction in the combustion process. The overall distribution law of natural gas volume fraction shows that the higher the position, the greater the volume fraction, and the closer the distance to the leak source at the same height, the greater the volume fraction, and the natural gas volume fraction of the hose falling off is the largest under different leakage conditions. The difference in the wrapping structure of the kitchen package has a significant impact on the diffusion distribution of natural gas. The flame development goes through five stages of ignition, slow burning, detonation, slow burning, and extinguishing. The indoor temperature reaches about 1400 °C. Although the simulated value of shock wave overpressure is larger than the experimental value, the relationship between overpressure and distance is expressed by Y = A + B * ln(X + C). This study can provide certain technical support for natural gas accident rescue. The research can provide certain technical support for natural gas accident rescue and can also be used for accident investigation to form the determination procedure and method of leakage location and leakage amount.

Reduced binding activity of vaccine serum to omicron receptor-binding domain.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination regimens contribute to limiting the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, the emergence and rapid transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 variant Omicron raise a concern about the efficacy of the current vaccination strategy. Here, we expressed monomeric and dimeric receptor-binding domains (RBDs) of the spike protein of prototype SARS-CoV-2 and Omicron variant in E. coli and investigated the reactivity of anti-sera from Chinese subjects immunized with SARS-CoV-2 vaccines to these recombinant RBDs. In 106 human blood samples collected from 91 participants from Jiangxi, China, 26 sera were identified to be positive for SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antibodies by lateral flow dipstick (LFD) assays, which were enriched in the ones collected from day 7 to 1 month post-boost (87.0%) compared to those harvested within 1 week post-boost (23.8%) (P < 0.0001). A higher positive ratio was observed in the child group (40.8%) than adults (13.6%) (P = 0.0073). ELISA results showed that the binding activity of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody-positive sera to Omicron RBDs dropped by 1.48- to 2.07-fold compared to its homogeneous recombinant RBDs. Thus, our data indicate that current SARS-CoV-2 vaccines provide restricted humoral protection against the Omicron variant.

Analysis and research on the key factors of sports in maintaining human health / Análise e pesquisa sobre os fatores-chave do esporte na manutenção da saúde humana / Análisis e investigación sobre los factores clave del deporte para mantener la salud humana

ABSTRACT Introduction The research on the promotion of physical fitness of the human body by exercise has also attracted widespread attention in sports and rehabilitation medicine. Object This article uses ultrasound to study the bone density health of the human body, thereby establishing the relationship between sports and bone density health. We hope to use the research results of this article to improve people's awareness of sports health. Method We used ultrasound to test the bone mineral density of two groups of students (exercise group and non-exercise group) to explore the relationship between different sports items and the students' bone mineral density. Results There is a significant difference in bone density between the two groups of students. There is no gender difference in bone density. Conclusion Students need to strengthen physical exercise in the growth and development stage to improve bone density. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.

RESUMO Introdução A pesquisa sobre a promoção da aptidão física do corpo humano por meio do exercício também tem atraído atenção generalizada na medicina esportiva e de reabilitação. Objeto este artigo usa o ultrassom para estudar a saúde da densidade óssea do corpo humano, estabelecendo assim a relação entre esportes e saúde da densidade óssea. Esperamos usar os resultados da pesquisa deste artigo para aumentar a conscientização das pessoas sobre a saúde no esporte. Método Usamos ultrassom para testar a densidade mineral óssea de dois grupos de alunos (grupo de exercícios e grupo de não exercícios) para explorar a relação entre diferentes itens esportivos e a densidade mineral óssea dos alunos. Resultados Existe uma diferença significativa na densidade óssea entre os dois grupos de alunos. Não há diferença de gênero na densidade óssea. Conclusão Os alunos precisam fortalecer os exercícios físicos na fase de crescimento e desenvolvimento para melhorar a densidade óssea. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción La investigación sobre la promoción de la aptitud física del cuerpo humano mediante el ejercicio también ha atraído una amplia atención en la medicina deportiva y de rehabilitación. Objeto Este artículo utiliza la ecografía para estudiar la salud de la densidad ósea del cuerpo humano, estableciendo así la relación entre el deporte y la salud de la densidad ósea. Esperamos utilizar los resultados de la investigación de este artículo para mejorar la conciencia de las personas sobre la salud deportiva. Método Utilizamos ultrasonido para probar la densidad mineral ósea de dos grupos de estudiantes (grupo de ejercicio y grupo sin ejercicio) para explorar la relación entre diferentes artículos deportivos y la densidad mineral ósea de los estudiantes. Resultados Existe una diferencia significativa en la densidad ósea entre los dos grupos de estudiantes. No hay diferencia de género en la densidad ósea. Conclusión Los estudiantes necesitan fortalecer el ejercicio físico en la etapa de crecimiento y desarrollo para mejorar la densidad ósea. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos: investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Comparative chloroplast genome analyses of Avena: insights into evolutionary dynamics and phylogeny.

BACKGROUND: Oat (Avena sativa L.) is a recognized health-food, and the contributions of its different candidate A-genome progenitor species remain inconclusive. Here, we report chloroplast genome sequences of eleven Avena species, to examine the plastome evolutionary dynamics and analyze phylogenetic relationships between oat and its congeneric wild related species. RESULTS: The chloroplast genomes of eleven Avena species (size range of 135,889-135,998 bp) share quadripartite structure, comprising of a large single copy (LSC; 80,014-80,132 bp), a small single copy (SSC; 12,575-12,679 bp) and a pair of inverted repeats (IRs; 21,603-21,614 bp). The plastomes contain 131 genes including 84 protein-coding genes, eight ribosomal RNAs and 39 transfer RNAs. The nucleotide sequence diversities (Pi values) range from 0.0036 (rps19) to 0.0093 (rpl32) for ten most polymorphic genes and from 0.0084 (psbH-petB) to 0.0240 (petG-trnW-CCA) for ten most polymorphic intergenic regions. Gene selective pressure analysis shows that all protein-coding genes have been under purifying selection. The adjacent position relationships between tandem repeats, insertions/deletions and single nucleotide polymorphisms support the evolutionary importance of tandem repeats in causing plastome mutations in Avena. Phylogenomic analyses, based on the complete plastome sequences and the LSC intermolecular recombination sequences, support the monophyly of Avena with two clades in the genus. CONCLUSIONS: Diversification of Avena plastomes is explained by the presence of highly diverse genes and intergenic regions, LSC intermolecular recombination, and the co-occurrence of tandem repeat and indels or single nucleotide polymorphisms. The study demonstrates that the A-genome diploid-polyploid lineage maintains two subclades derived from different maternal ancestors, with A. longiglumis as the first diverging species in clade I. These genome resources will be helpful in elucidating the chloroplast genome structure, understanding the evolutionary dynamics at genus Avena and family Poaceae levels, and are potentially useful to exploit plastome variation in making hybrids for plant breeding.

Transcriptomic and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Metabolomic Profiling Analysis of the Epidermis Provides Insights into Cuticular Wax Regulation in Developing 'Yuluxiang' Pear Fruit.

The layer of cuticular wax covering fruits plays important roles in protecting against disease, preventing non-stomatal water loss, and extending shelf life. However, the molecular basis of cuticular wax biosynthesis in pear (Pyrus) fruits remains elusive. Our study thoroughly investigates cuticular wax biosynthesis during pear fruit development from morphologic, transcriptomic, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry metabolomic perspectives. Our results showed that cuticular wax concentrations increased during the early stage [20-80 days after full bloom (DAFB)] from 0.64 mg/cm2 (50 DAFB) to 1.75 mg/cm2 (80 DAFB) and then slightly decreased to 1.22 mg/cm2 during the fruit ripening period (80-140 DAFB). Scanning electron microscopy imaging indicated that wax plate crystals increased and wax structures varied during the pear fruit development. The combined transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling analysis revealed 27 genes, including 12 genes encoding transcription factors and a new structural gene (Pbr028523) encoding ß-amyrin synthase, participating in the biosynthesis, transport, and regulation of cuticular wax according to their expression patterns in pear fruit. The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction experiments of 18 differentially expressed genes were performed and confirmed the accuracy of the RNA-Seq-derived transcript expression. A model of VLCFAs and cuticular wax synthesis and transport in pear fruit is proposed, providing a mechanistic framework for understanding cuticular wax biosynthesis in pear fruit. These results and data sets provide a foundation for the molecular events related to cuticular wax in 'Yuluxiang' pear fruit and may also help guide the functional analyses of candidate genes important for improving the cuticular wax of pear fruit in the future.

The repetitive DNA landscape in Avena (Poaceae): chromosome and genome evolution defined by major repeat classes in whole-genome sequence reads.

BACKGROUND: Repetitive DNA motifs - not coding genetic information and repeated millions to hundreds of times - make up the majority of many genomes. Here, we identify the nature, abundance and organization of all the repetitive DNA families in oats (Avena sativa, 2n = 6x = 42, AACCDD), a recognized health-food, and its wild relatives. RESULTS: Whole-genome sequencing followed by k-mer and RepeatExplorer graph-based clustering analyses enabled assessment of repetitive DNA composition in common oat and its wild relatives' genomes. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)-based karyotypes are developed to understand chromosome and repetitive sequence evolution of common oat. We show that some 200 repeated DNA motifs make up 70% of the Avena genome, with less than 20 families making up 20% of the total. Retroelements represent the major component, with Ty3/Gypsy elements representing more than 40% of all the DNA, nearly three times more abundant than Ty1/Copia elements. DNA transposons are about 5% of the total, while tandemly repeated, satellite DNA sequences fit into 55 families and represent about 2% of the genome. The Avena species are monophyletic, but both bioinformatic comparisons of repeats in the different genomes, and in situ hybridization to metaphase chromosomes from the hexaploid species, shows that some repeat families are specific to individual genomes, or the A and D genomes together. Notably, there are terminal regions of many chromosomes showing different repeat families from the rest of the chromosome, suggesting presence of translocations between the genomes. CONCLUSIONS: The relatively small number of repeat families shows there are evolutionary constraints on their nature and amplification, with mechanisms leading to homogenization, while repeat characterization is useful in providing genome markers and to assist with future assemblies of this large genome (c. 4100 Mb in the diploid). The frequency of inter-genomic translocations suggests optimum strategies to exploit genetic variation from diploid oats for improvement of the hexaploid may differ from those used widely in bread wheat.

The complete chloroplast genome of Cirsium setosum and its phylogenetic analysis.

Cirsium setosum is a widely distributed species of edible medicinal plant around the world. Triterpenes, flavonoids, sterols, polyphenols, and glycosides are its main medicinal ingredients. In this study, the complete chloroplast genome sequence of C. setosum was assembled and characterized from high-throughput sequencing data. The chloroplast genome was 152,405 bp in length, consisting of large single-copy (LSC) and small single-copy (SSC) regions of 83,385 bp and 18,632 bp, respectively, which were separated by a pair of 25,193 bp inverted repeat (IR) regions. The genome is predicted to contain 133 genes, including 88 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes. The overall GC content of the genome is 37.7%. A phylogenetic tree reconstructed by 12 chloroplast genomes reveals that C. setosum is mostly related to Cirsium arvense, which is also a Cephalanoplos plant widely distributed all over the world. The work reported the firstly complete chloroplast genome of C. setosum which may provide useful information to the evolution of Cephalanoplos.