Plasma miR-409-3p promotes acute cerebral infarction via suppressing CTRP3.

Abnormal expression of miR-409-3p has been found in several neurodevelopmental disorders, but whether it is dysregulated in the patients with acute cerebral infarction (ACI) has not been evaluated. The current study mainly focused on the clinical significance and the underlying mechanism of plasma miR-409-3p in the progression of ACI. The level of plasma miR-409-3p was determined in ACI patients (n = 80) and healthy controls (n = 30). Pearson correlation assay was performed to evaluate the association and cardiovascular risk factors. A receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to evaluate the diagnostic value of plasma miR-409-3p levels in patients with ACI. Dual luciferase reporter assay and western blot were performed to determine the possible target gene of miR-409-3p. Our data showed that the expression of plasma miR-409-3p in the ACI group was higher than that in the healthy controls. Furthermore, Pearson correlation analysis indicated a positive correlation between plasma miR-409-3p and the NIHSS score. ROC analysis indicated that plasma miR-409-3p could differentiate plasma miR-409-3p in ACI patients from healthy controls. Then, we explored the possible target genes of miR-409-3p. Interestingly, C1q and TNF-related 3 (CTRP3), a novel adipose tissue-derived secreted factor, was found to be a target gene of miR-409-3p. We found that knockdown of CTRP3 significantly induced PC12 cell apoptosis, even in PC12 cells transfected with miR-409-3p inhibitor. These data suggested that miR-409-3p induced PC12 cell apoptosis by targeting CTRP3. Altogether, elevated plasma miR-409-3p is correlated with disease severity and may be efficient for the early diagnosis of ACI.

Clinical and Ultrasonographic Features of Secondary Intussusception in Children.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to review the ultrasonographic features of secondary intussusception (SI) in children and assess the value of ultrasound in the diagnosis of pediatric SI. METHODS: The authors performed a retrospective analysis on the ultrasound findings of 1977 cases of primary intussusception (PI) and 37 cases of SI in children. The SI cases were diagnosed by ultrasonography and confirmed by laparotomy or histopathologic diagnosis. The clinical and ultrasonographic features were analyzed and compared between these two groups. RESULTS: The age, no flatus or defecation, position, diameter and length of intussusception, the presence of free intraperitoneal liquid, and intestinal dialation at the proximal end present, all contributed to the differentiation between PI and SI (all P < 0.05). Ultrasound was able to demonstrate the pathological lead point (PLP) shadows in all of the 37 SI cases, either in the cervical part or intussusceptum of the intussusception. Among the 37 SI patients, 21 cases (56.8 %) were accurately categorized with lesions, including intestinal polyps, cystic intestinal duplication, intestinal wall lymphoma, and a small part of Meckel's diverticulum. CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasound can be used as a feasible and effective method to discriminate PI from SI. Once the PLP is detected, a definite diagnosis can be made. KEY POINTS: • The clinical and ultrasonographic features were compared between SI and PI. • The age, location, diameter and length of intussusception, and intestinal dilation were distinguishing features. • The causes of SI were found to be polyps, intestinal duplication, lymphoma, and Meckel's diverticulum. • Ultrasound can be used as an important method to diagnose SI. • Demonstration and confirmation of PLP are vital to diagnosing SI.

Ultrasonographic renal volume in Chinese children: Results of 1683 cases.

BACKGROUND: At present, little information has been made available in the evaluation of renal volume in pediatric groups of different ages. PURPOSE: The purposes of the study are to evaluate the relationship between anthropometric measurements and renal volume measured with three-dimensional ultrasonography in Chinese children who have normal kidneys, and to attempt to develop reliable reference values of renal volume to estimate the renal sizes. METHODS: A total of 1572 Chinese Han children suffering from stomachache, cryptorchidism and neurogenic enuresis with no history of renal disease or pathological abnormalities that might affect measurements, aged 1month to 12years (mean, 5.64years) were examined bilateral kidneys by ultrasonography. The measurements of renal volume were determined using QLAB software in IU22 units (Philips Medical Systems, Holland). Anthropometric indices including sex, age, height and weight were collected for reviewed analysis. RESULTS: A total of 1683 children were included, and renal volume of 1572 cases (93.4%) was accepted. There was no significant difference between renal volumes of male and female separately in left and right kidneys (P=0.844 and P=0.621, respectively), whereas there was a significant difference between mean left and right renal volumes (P=0.000). Age, height and weight were all significant correlations with renal volume (R(2), 0.885 and 0.913 for the left and right kidneys, respectively, both P=0.000), and age was the strongest correlation with renal volume (r, 0.472 and 0.399 for the left and right kidneys, respectively) among the anthropometric indices. We drew regression equations to estimate renal volume as follows: left renal volume (cm(3))=0.441×age+0.156×height+0.398×weight+6.677 and right renal volume (cm(3))=0.256×age+0.195×height+0.632×weight+1.788, and developed reference values of renal volume separately for the left and right kidneys in different age groups. CONCLUSIONS: Regression equations have been developed, which define the renal volume from three-dimensional ultrasonography and may assist pediatricians in monitoring renal growth and detecting of unsuspected bilateral increases or decreases in renal size.

Ultrasonographic dimensions of the common bile duct in Chinese children: results of 343 cases.

BACKGROUND: At present, the diagnostic criteria of congenital cholangiectasis are still vague. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to assess the diameter references of the common bile duct (CBD) in pediatric population in different age groups with ultrasound. METHODS: The diameter of the common bile duct was measured with ultrasound in 343 Chinese Han children aged 1 day to 14 years (mean: 3.2 years, median: 2.8 years) who were all free of hepatic and biliary tract disease. The ultrasound records, gender, and age were collected for reviewed analysis. RESULTS: A total of 343 children were included, and the CBD was clearly detected in 322 cases (93.9%). The mean diameter of this population was 1.58 ± 0.70 mm. (ranging from 0.4 to 4.4mm). Spearman correlation analysis showed that the diameter of CBD was positively associated with age (r=0.573, P<0.001). The percentile method demonstrated that the diameter references of CBD was as follows: ≤ 1 years: ≤ 2.26 mm; ≤ 4 years: ≤ 2.99 mm; ≤ 7 years: ≤ 3.03 mm; and ≤ 14 years: ≤ 4.10mm. CONCLUSIONS: There was a close correlation between CBD width and the age. The range of CBD widths in each age group will be helpful in the diagnosis of biliary dilatation in childhood.

Expression of MSP58 in hepatocellular carcinoma.

We have investigated the expression and role of the 58-kDa micro-spherule protein (MSP58) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Immunohistochemistry was performed in 252 samples from patients with HCC to detect the expression level of MSP58. Results indicated that the expression level of MSP58 in the cancer samples was significantly higher than that in adjacent normal tissues. The Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test showed significant difference in the expression of MSP58 in patients with serum AFP, tumor size, histological differentiation, and universal integrated circuit card (UICC) stage (P < 0.001, P = 0.004, P < 0.001, P < 0.001, respectively). A total of 252 HCC patients were followed up for five consecutive years, and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis demonstrated that the survival time of HCC patients with low expression of MSP58 was longer than those with high expression during the 5-year follow-up period (P < 0.001). Cox regression analysis indicated that high expression of MSP58 (++ or +++), serum AFP (≥25 µg/L), tumor size (≥3 cm), and UICC stage (III or IV) were the independent poor prognostic factors of HCC (P = 0.008, 0.0290, 0.001, 0.047, respectively). Furthermore, down-regulation of MSP58 was introduced to HCC cell lines (HepG2 and Huh7) by plasmid transfection. In vivo and in vitro studies indicated that MSP58si markedly reduced proliferation and promoted the apoptosis of HepG2 and Huh7 cells. In summary, our results demonstrated that MSP58 played an important role in the proliferation and apoptosis of HCC cells and the expression of MSP58 in HCC patients was closely related to the prognosis.

Sonographic diagnosis of juvenile polyps in children.

The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic value of ultrasonography for juvenile polyps in children and their sonographic characteristics. A retrospective analysis was performed of the ultrasound findings in 27 children who were diagnosed preoperatively with juvenile polyp within the intestinal tract by ultrasonography and then confirmed by colonoscopy, laparotomy and histopathology. The ultrasonic finding common to all polyps was an isolated intraluminal nodular or massive protrusion, associated with multiple mesh-like fluid areas of different sizes. In 25 children, surrounding pedicle-like low echoes of varying lengths were seen connecting with the polyps to form "mushroom" sign. The color Doppler showed abundant blood flow signals within all polyps and pedicles in a shape of a branch or an umbrella. For seven children with an intussusception, the polyp shadow was detected in the cervical part or interior of the intussusception. Ultrasonography is, thus, considered to be a feasible method for diagnosing intestinal juvenile polyp.

Sonographic findings predictive of the need for surgical management in pediatric patients with small bowel intussusceptions.

PURPOSE: This study aims to evaluate ultrasound findings that are predictive of the need for surgical management in pediatric patients with small bowel intussusceptions (SBIs). METHODS: A retrospective review of pediatric patients with SBIs treated from 2004 to 2009 was conducted. Patients were divided into surgical and non-surgical groups. Demographic data, ultrasound findings, treatments, and outcomes were collected and analyzed. RESULTS: There were 56 cases of SBIs in 31 males and 25 females ranging in age from 4 months to 9 years; 39 patients were managed conservatively and 17 patients underwent surgery. The mean length and diameter of the intussusception in the surgical group were 6.53 and 2.78 cm, respectively, and 3.21 and 1.81 cm, respectively in the non-surgical group (both, P < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that diameter, length, and thickness of the outer rim were independent predictors of surgery. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis indicated an intussusception diameter ≥2.1 cm, length ≥4.2 cm, and thickness of the outer rim ≥0.40 cm were optimal cutoff values for predicting the need for surgery. CONCLUSIONS: A diameter ≥2.1 cm, length ≥4.2 cm, and thickness of the outer rim ≥0.40 cm predict the need for surgical management in pediatric patients with SBIs.