[Determination of platinum anticancer drugs in occupational settings by ICP-MS].

Objective: To establish an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for platinum antineoplastic drugs in the environment. Methods: The platinum antineoplastic drugs in the environmental table were eluted by wiping and collecting pure water, and the supernatant was taken by centrifugation and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for detection. Results: The concentration range of 0-8.0 µg/L was good, the correlation coefficient was 1.000, the detection limit was 0.0006 µg/L, the lower quantitative limit was 0.002 µg/L, the method precision was between 0.9%-1.3%, and the sample standard recovery rate was between 97.0%-98.5%. Conclusion: This method has low detection limit, high accuracy and precision, and simple sample pretreatment, which is suitable for the determination of platinum antineoplastic drugs in environmental tables.

[Determination of Sevoflurane, Isoflurane and Enflurane in the air of workplace by gas chromatography].

Objective: To establish a solvent desorption gas chromatographic method for determination of Sevoflurane, Isoflurane and Enflurane in the air of the Workplace. Methods: Sevoflurane, Isoflurane and Enflurane were collected with activated carbon tube and desorbed with dichloromethane, separated with DB-1 capillary columns, and then detected with flame ionization detector. Results: The linearity ranges were 1.9-304.8 µg/ml for Sevoflurane, 2.1-300.4 µg/ml for Isoflurane and 1.7-305.2 µg/ml for Enflurane, The correlation coefficient was both >0.999. Their limits of detection were 0.6 µg/ml, 0.6 µg/ml and 0.5 µg/ml, and Their limits of quatification were 1.9 µg/ml, 2.1 µg/ml and 1.7 µg/ml, and their minimum detectable concentrations were 0.1、0.2 and 0.1 mg/m(3) per 4.5 L of air. Their relative standard deviations (RSD) were 2.5%-3.0%, 2.3%-3.1% and 2.2%-3.0%. The average desorption efficiencies were 101.1%-103.3%, 100.7%-102.7% and 101.0%-102.9%. The sampling efficiency was both 100%. The breakthrough volume of 100 mg actived carbon was 3.7 mg, 3.4 mg and 3.4 mg. Sevoflurane, Isoflurane and Enflurane in activated carbon tube could be kept at least 10 days at room temperature without significant losses. Conclusion: The method shows lower detection limit, high accuracy and precision. It is feasible for determination of Sevoflurane, Isoflurane and Enflurane in the air of workplace.

[Determination of tert-butyl alcohol in the air of the workplace by solvent desorption gas chromatography].

Objective: To establish solvent desorption gas chromatographic method for determination of tert-butyl alcohol in the air of the workplace. Methods: After tert-butyl alcohol in the air of the workplace collected with activated carbon tube and desorbed with 2% 2-propanol in CS2, and then separated with DB-FFAP capillary column and detected with flame ionization detector. Results: The linearity ranges were 0.6~2 264.0 mg/L. The limit of quantification was 0.6 mg/L. The determination has a good reproducibility. The intraassay and interassay precisions were 2.8%~3.2% and 3.8%~5.7%. The desorption efficiencies were 93.9%~98.1%. Absorption efficiencies were 95.8%~100.0%. The breakthrough volume was above 7.1 mg in 100mg activated carbon. The samples in activated carbon tube could be stored for at least 14 days at ambient temperature. Conclusion: The method is feasible for determination of tert-butyl alcohol in the air of the workplace.

Tempero-spatial dissociation between the expression of Fas and apoptosis after coronary occlusion.

AIMS: To explore the role of Fas in cardiomyocytic apoptosis induced by ischaemia through determining the histological relation between Fas expression and apoptosis in rat myocardium during ischaemia/infarction. METHODS: The myocardial ischaemia model was produced by ligating the left coronary artery in Sprague-Dawley rats. The rats were killed from 10 minutes to seven days after surgery. Apoptotic myocardial cells were detected by the in situ terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated nick end labelling method, and the expression of Fas by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. RESULTS: Cardiomyocytic apoptosis appeared from three to 36 hours after ischaemia. The expression of Fas could be detected by western blot from before surgery to seven days of ischaemia. Apoptosis and the expression of Fas in the cardiomyocytes appeared in different regions of the myocardium: apoptosis in the ischaemic region, Fas in the regions surrounding ischaemic myocardium. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that there is a tempero-spatial dissociation between the expression of Fas and apoptosis after coronary occlusion. Fas might not directly regulate the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes induced by ischaemia.

The role of xanthine oxidase and xanthine dehydrogenase in skin ischemia.

The importance of sequential events which lead to skin necrosis has significant implications in trauma, vascular injury, and wound healing. In this series of experiments, we tested the hypothesis that xanthine oxidase (XO) activity was increased along an ischemic gradient of a skin flap and that the XO enzyme activity correlated with an increase in neutrophils. There were two animal groups in which the skin flaps were raised and assayed at 0, 1, or 6 hr. In the other group, they were created as bipedicle flaps for 7 days, before the distal attachment was divided and the tissue assayed. In the acutely raised flaps, some animals were treated with the XO inhibitor, allopurinol. Xanthine dehydrogenase (XD) and XO activity was measured with a fluorometric pterin assay and neutrophil concentration was measured using a myeloperoxidase marker. In this model, there was consistent skin necrosis in the distal end of the skin flap (48 +/- 8%). The data showed that both XD and XO activity in the distal ends was statistically significantly increased over the sham control or proximal ends of the skin flaps at 1 hr (P < 0.05). XO activity remained elevated in the distal ends at 6 hr. Allopurinol significantly reduced the neutrophil concentrations in the distal ends of the skin flaps when compared to untreated animals (P < 0.05). Moreover, allopurinol reduced skin necrosis to 12 +/- 1%. Preconditioning of the skin flap reduced the XO activity to sham control levels. The observations implicate XO activity as source of free radical injury in skin necrosis seen in random skin flaps.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

[Smooth muscle tumors of the alimentary tract--a review of 397 cases].

397 cases of smooth muscle tumor of the alimentary tract were analysed. 385 were collected from the domestic literature in the recent 10 years and 12 are added by the authors. The tumor occurred more frequently in patients 40-60 years old. Diameter of the tumor ranged from 0.5-35 cm. The diameter of leiomyosarcoma was larger than that of leiomyoma on an average. The ratio of benign to malignant incidence was 3.2:1. Exclusive of 204 (51.4%) cases which occurred in the esophagus, the ratio was 1.1:1 in the other 193. In the 12 cases reported by the authors, it was 1:3. In the 193 cases of the GI tract, the lesion occurred in the stomach in 50.8%, in the small intestine in 29.0%, in the colon 1.0% and in the rectum 19.2%. The three most common clinical symptoms of those in the stomach and small intestine were abdominal mass (54.3%), bleeding (49.1%) and abdominal pain (45.7%). These 12 cases reported comprised 0.019% of 62, 088 patients admitted into our hospital, 0.09% of 12,678 tumor inpatients during the same period and 0.61% of 1,983 of malignant tumors in the alimentary tract. The preoperative diagnostic accuracy of this tumor was low, only 7.7% of all the GI neoplasms. On basis of the present data, improving the preoperative diagnostic accuracy is stressed.

[Effect of pineal body extract on cytoxan-induced leucopenia in mice].

The effect of pig pineal extract on cytoxan-induced leucopenia in mice was studied. Three preparations of pineal body, Songlesu A, B and C, were used. All of them were effective in leucopenia. They delayed the time of the lowest white count, reduced the extent of white cell reduction and elevated and sustained the white count for several days despite the continuation of cytoxan injection. The effect of Songlesu A was most marked. The differences between the white count of group A (Songlesu A plus cytoxan) and the control (cytoxan plus normal saline) are very significant (P less than 0.01) in a period of 8-15 days after giving the drugs. After discontinuation of medication, the recovery of group A was better than that in the control group also very significantly (P less than 0.01). It is evident that Songlesu A is most worthy of further investigation. However, the effect of Songlesu A was no longer marked from the seventeenth day when the white count started to decline. This is most probably due to the severe bone marrow damage by the large dose of cytoxan accumulated or the protracted daily administration. Moreover, Songlesu A may sensitize the bone marrow to cytoxan toxicity or change the rate of recovery after bone marrow damage.