Prevalence and genotype distribution of human papillomavirus infection among 66000 women from 2014 to 2023 in the plateau region of Southwest China.

BACKGROUND: Persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) plays a key role in the onset of cervical cancer. This study was designed to examine the epidemiological trends and genotype distribution of HPV from 2014 to 2023 in the plateau region of Southwest China. METHODS: The findings could offer valuable insights for clinical screening of cervical cancer and the formulation of HPV vaccination policies. This retrospective study analyzed 66,000 women who received HPV-DNA testing at the First People's Hospital of Qujing, Yunnan, China, between 2014 and 2023. The cohort consisted of 33,512 outpatients, 3,816 inpatients, and 28,672 individuals undergoing health examinations. Cervical cells were collected for DNA extraction, and PCR amplification along with Luminex xMAP technology were used to detect 27 HPV genotypes. The data analysis was conducted using GraphPad Prism and IBM SPSS Statistics 27 software. RESULTS: The overall HPV infection rate at the First People's Hospital of Qujing declined from 24.92% in 2014 to 16.29% in 2023, averaging 16.02%. Specific infection rates were 18.50% among outpatients, 12.97% among inpatients, and 13.53% for health examination attendees. The predominant high-risk HPV genotypes identified were HPV52 (2.61%), HPV16 (2.06%), HPV58 (1.81%), HPV53 (1.55%), and HPV39 (1.09%). Meanwhile, the most frequent low-risk HPV genotypes were HPV6 (1.30%), HPV61 (1.21%), and HPV11 (0.85%). In HPV-positive cases, the distribution of single, double, triple, and quadruple or more infections were 79.90%, 15.17%, 3.59%, and 1.33%, respectively. The proportions of pure LR-HPV, pure HR-HPV, and mixed infections were 22.16%, 67.82%, and 10.02%, respectively. Age-specific analysis revealed a bimodal distribution of HPV infection, with the infection rate rapidly decreasing from 44.02% in the ≤ 19 age group to 19.55% in the 20-29 age group and 13.84% in the 30-39 age group, followed by a gradual increase to 14.64% in the 40-49 age group, 16.65% in the 50-59 age group, and 22.98% in the ≥ 60 age group. The coverage rates of the three available vaccines are all below 50%. The results of this study indicated a declining trend in HPV prevalence in the plateau region of Southwest China over the period from 2014 to 2023, especially in the reduction of genotypes targeted by vaccines. CONCLUSION: There were significant variations in the genotypes prevalent among different age groups, years, and patient sources within the same region. The underwhelming vaccination rates emphasize the critical need for developing either a multivalent vaccine or a personalized vaccine that targets the HPV genotypes common in the Chinese population. Furthermore, vaccinating adolescents to curb HPV infection and ensuring regular cervical cancer screenings for postmenopausal women are crucial steps.

Preoperative and postoperative clinical signatures of postgastrectomy venous thromboembolism in patients with gastric cancer: A retrospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to identify preoperative and postoperative risk factors of venous thromboembolism (VTE) after gastrectomy in gastric cancer (GC) patients. METHODS: 757 GC patients underwent gastrectomy at our institution and 246 patients with elevated postoperative D-dimer levels who received Doppler ultrasonography of lower/upper extremity veins were enrolled. Clinicopathological factors data were collected, and the differences in clinicopathological factors between postoperative VTE (+) and VTE (-) groups were analyzed. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify independent risk factors of postgastrectomy VTE. RESULTS: Of 246 patients with elevated postgastrectomy D-dimer concentrations, 74 patients showed thrombosis in lower/upper extremity veins. Among preoperative factors, age, WBC level, D-dimer concentration, and blood glucose level were significantly higher in the postoperative VTE (+) group. Among the postoperative factors, hemoglobin level was significantly lower in the postoperative VTE (+) group. Among the pathological factors, tumor stage, depth of invasion and TNM classification indicated higher malignancy in the postoperative VTE (+) group. Univariate logistic regression analysis indicated age, preoperative blood glucose level, postoperative hemoglobin level, tumor stage, depth of invasion, and TNM classification as the independent risk factors for postgastrectomy VTE, whereas multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed age and tumor stage as independent risk factors for postgastrectomy VTE. CONCLUSION: Our study revealed that age, preoperative blood glucose level, postoperative anemia, and tumor malignancy were independent risk factors for GC patients exhibiting postgastrectomy VTE. Therefore, the perioperative monitoring, assessment and management of risk factors are important in achieving better outcomes after gastrectomy.

Liver transplantation for giant hemangioma of the liver: A case report and review of the literature.

Large benign hepatic masses as a rare indication for liver transplantation have been reported less frequently. These liver transplantations are complex, with high intraoperative bleeding, high perioperative complication rates, and high mortality rates due to difficulties in visualization, especially when they have undergone various percutaneous operations or open surgery, resulting in severe perihepatic adhesions. Here is a case report of a patient admitted to our hospital who underwent liver transplantation after suffering from a giant hemangioma in liver transplantation for 10 years and who had received multiple interventional treatments ineffective in the past.

Unique characteristics of G719X and S768I compound double mutations of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene in lung cancer of coal-producing areas of East Yunnan in Southwestern China.

BACKGROUND: The principal objective of this project was to investigate the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) gene mutation characteristics of lung cancer patients, which can provide a molecular basis for explaining the clinicopathological features, epidemiology and use of targeted therapy in lung cancer patients in the coal-producing areas of East Yunnan. METHODOLOGY: We collected 864 pathologically confirmed lung cancer patients' specimens in First People's Hospital of Qujing City of Yunnan Province from September 2016 to September 2021. We thereafter employed Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technology to detect all exons present in the EGFR gene. RESULTS: The overall mutation frequency of the EGFR gene was 47.22%. The frequency of EGFR gene mutations in the tissue, plasma, and cytology samples were found to be 53.40%, 23.33%, and 62.50%, respectively. Univariate analysis indicated that the coal-producing areas and Fuyuan county origin were significantly associated with relatively low EGFR gene mutation frequency. Female, non-smoking history, adenocarcinoma, non-brain metastasis, and tissue specimens were found to be related to high EGFR gene mutation frequency. Multivariate logistic regression analysis suggested the lung cancer patients in the central area of Qujing City, stage Ia, non-coal-producing areas, non-Fuyuan origin, and non-Xuanwei origin were more likely to develop EGFR gene mutations. The most common mutations were L858R point mutation (33.09%) and exon 19 deletion (19-del) (21.32%). Interestingly, the mutation frequency of G719X (p = 0.001) and G719X + S768I (p = 0.000) in the coal-producing areas were noted to be more significant than those in non-coal-producing regions. CONCLUSION: This findings of this study might be important in establishing the correlation between routine using NGS for EGFR gene mutation diagnosis and clinical practice in the lung cancer patients.

Isoquercitrin Upregulates Aldolase C Through Nrf2 to Ameliorate OGD/R-Induced Damage in SH-SY5Y Cells.

Isoquercitrin (ISO), an extract from Chinese traditional herb, exhibits potent neuroprotective roles in various disease models. However, its role in stroke is not fully understood. We established oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R) model in SH-SY5Y cell to study the roles of ISO in stroke. In the experiment, the changes of LDH level and cell viability (MTT) were analyzed. Apoptotic cells stained with anti-Annexin V antibody and propidium iodide (PI) were detected by flow cytometry. The mRNA and protein level of aldolase C (ALDOC) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) was determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and Western blotting assay, respectively. The localization of Nrf2 was investigated by immunofluorescent assay. OGD/R reduced cell viability via inducing cell apoptosis, while ISO treatment reduced the level of apoptosis in OGD/R-treated SH-SY5Y cells ISO rescued OGD/R-treated cells. Mechanistically, the expression of Nrf2 and ALDOC was upregulated upon ISO treatment, while knockdown of ALDOC diminished the activation of autophagy and hence inhibited ISO-mediated protective activity. We further demonstrated that ISO enhanced ALDOC transcription by promoting nuclear translocation of Nrf2, and suppression of Nrf2 decreased the expression of ALDOC. Our data revealed that ISO exhibited neuroprotective activity in OGD/R model through Nrf2-ALDOC-autopagy axis and highlighted the potential application of ISO in stroke treatment.

Species discrimination and total polyphenol prediction of porcini mushrooms by fourier transform mid-infrared (FT-MIR) spectrometry combined with multivariate statistical analysis.

The plateau specialty agricultural products, wild porcini mushrooms, have great value both as a superb cuisine and as a potential medication. Due to quality different between species added with the fraud behavior in sales process, make poor quality or poisonous sample inflow into the market, which pose a health risk for consumers, but also disrupted the mushroom market. Traditional analysis way is time-consuming and laborious. Therefore, the aim of this study is to develop a way using fourier transform mid-infrared (FT-MIR) spectrometry and data fusion strategies for the fast and accurate species discrimination and predict amount of total polyphenol in four porcini mushrooms. The t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding based on mid-level data fusion showed two species of Boletus edulis and B. umbriniporus have been identified. The order of correct rate of PLS-DA models was mid-level data fusionq (100%) > mid-level data fusione (97.06%) = mid-level data fusionv (97.06%) = stipes (97.06%) > low-level data fusion (94.12%) > caps (91.18%). The order of correct rate of grid-search support vector machine models was low-level data fusion (100%) > caps (94.12%) > stipes (91.18%), and the order of particle swarm optimization support vector machine was low-level data fusion (100%) > caps (97.06%) > stipes (88.24%). The mid-level data fusionq and low-level data fusion had best discrimination accuracy (100%) allowing each mushroom classed into its real species, which could be used for accurate discrimination of samples. B. edulis mushrooms had highest total polyphenol, with 14.76 mg/g dw and 17.33 in caps and stipes mg/g dw, respectively. The phenols were easier to accumulate in the caps in Leccinum rugosiceps (1.03) and B. tomentipes (1.19), and the opposite phenomenon is observed in B. edulis (0.85) and B. umbriniporus (0.95). The correlation coefficient and residual predictive deviation of best prediction model were 86.76% and 2.40%, respectively, indicating that that there is good relevance between FT-MIR and total polyphenol content, which could be used to predict roughly polyphenols content in mushrooms.

[HDMF]Cl-based DES as highly efficient extractants and catalysts for oxidative desulfurization of model oil.

N,N-Dimethylformamide hydrochloric acid/XMCl n ([HDMF]Cl/XMCl n , M = Zn or Fe, n = 2 or 3) was synthesized by stirring the mixture of [HDMF]Cl and metal chloride. [HDMF]Cl-based DES was characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, ESI-MS and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The oxidative desulfurization activity was investigated using [HDMF]Cl/0.2FeCl3 and [HDMF]Cl/ZnCl2 as the extractant and catalyst, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as the oxidant. The desulfurization rate can reach up to 98.08% and 99.2% for DBT using [HDMF]Cl/0.2FeCl3 and [HDMF]Cl/ZnCl2, respectively. After recycling for 7 times, the removal rate of DBT still can reach more than 97%.

A Case of Coenurosis in a Wild Rabbit (Lepus sinensis) Caused by Taenia serialis Metacestode in Qinghai Tibetan Plateau Area, China.

Six cystic metacestodes were found in the abdominal muscles of a wild rabbit, Lepus sinensis, in China. The coenurus contained one or more scolices armed with hooklets. Mitochondrial cox1 (1,623 bp) confirmed 98% homology with cox1 of Taenia serialis. This is the first report of T. serialis infection in an intermediate host in the Qinghai Tibetan Plateau Area, China.

Identification of wild soybean miRNAs and their target genes responsive to aluminum stress.

BACKGROUND: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important regulatory roles in development and stress response in plants. Wild soybean (Glycine soja) has undergone long-term natural selection and may have evolved special mechanisms to survive stress conditions as a result. However, little information about miRNAs especially miRNAs responsive to aluminum (Al) stress is available in wild soybean. RESULTS: Two small RNA libraries and two degradome libraries were constructed from the roots of Al-treated and Al-free G. soja seedlings. For miRNA identification, a total of 7,287,655 and 7,035,914 clean reads in Al-treated and Al-free small RNAs libraries, respectively, were generated, and 97 known miRNAs and 31 novel miRNAs were identified. In addition, 49 p3 or p5 strands of known miRNAs were found. Among all the identified miRNAs, the expressions of 30 miRNAs were responsive to Al stress. Through degradome sequencing, 86 genes were identified as targets of the known miRNAs and five genes were found to be the targets of the novel miRNAs obtained in this study. Gene ontology (GO) annotations of target transcripts indicated that 52 target genes cleaved by conserved miRNA families might play roles in the regulation of transcription. Additionally, some genes, such as those for the auxin response factor (ARF), domain-containing disease resistance protein (NB-ARC), leucine-rich repeat and toll/interleukin-1 receptor-like protein (LRR-TIR) domain protein, cation transporting ATPase, Myb transcription factors, and the no apical meristem (NAM) protein, that are known to be responsive to stress, were found to be cleaved under Al stress conditions. CONCLUSIONS: A number of miRNAs and their targets were detected in wild soybean. Some of them that were responsive to biotic and abiotic stresses were regulated by Al stress. These findings provide valuable information to understand the function of miRNAs in Al tolerance.

Pseudonocardia bannaensis sp. nov., a novel actinomycete isolated from the surface-sterilized roots of Artemisia annua L.

During the course of our research on new actinobacterial sources, a novel actinomycete strain YIM 63101(T) was isolated from the surface-sterilized roots of Artemisia annua L. collected from Xishuangbanna, Yunnan province, south-west China and characterized by using a polyphasic approach. The strain formed well-differentiated aerial and substrate mycelia. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain YIM 63101(T) belongs to the genus Pseudonocardia, with highest similarity to "Pseudonocardia artemisiae YIM 63587(T)" (99.4%). Sequence similarities between strain YIM 63101(T) and the other Pseudonocardia species ranged from 97.0 (Pseudonocardia saturnea IMSNU 20052(T)) to 94.0% (Pseudonocardia compacta IMSNU 20111(T)). The chemotaxonomic characteristics, such as cell wall diaminopimelic acid, whole-cell sugars, fatty acid components and the major menaquinones suggested that the organism belonged to the genus Pseudonocardia. The G + C content of the genomic DNA was 69.4 mol%. Based on comparative analysis of physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic data, including low DNA-DNA hybridization results, it is proposed that strain YIM 63101(T) represents a novel species of the genus Pseudonocardia, named Pseudonocardia bannaensis sp. nov. The type strain is YIM 63101(T) (= CCTCC AA 208077 (T) = DSM 45300(T)).