Impact of neuromuscular block on myocardial injury after non-cardiac surgery (MINS) incidence in the early postoperative stage of older patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal cancer resection: a randomized controlled study.

BACKGROUND: Myocardial injury after non-cardiac surgery (MINS) is a common and serious complication in older patients. This study investigates the impact of neuromuscular block on the MINS incidence and other cardiovascular complications in the early postoperative stage of older patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal cancer resection. METHODS: 70 older patients who underwent laparoscopic colorectal cancer resection were separated into the deep neuromuscular block group and moderate neuromuscular block group for 35 cases in each group (n = 1:1). The deep neuromuscular block group maintained train of four (TOF) = 0, post-tetanic count (PTC) 1-2, and the moderate neuromuscular block group maintained TOF = 1-2 during the operation. Sugammadex sodium was used at 2 mg/kg or 4 mg/kg for muscle relaxation antagonism at the end of surgery. The MINS incidence was the primary outcome and compared with Fisher's exact test. About the secondary outcomes, the postoperative pain was analyzed with Man-Whitney U test, the postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) and the incidence of cardiovascular complications were analyzed with Chi-square test, intraoperative mean artery pressure (MAP) and cardiac output (CO) ratio to baseline, length of stay and dosage of anesthetics were compared by two independent samples t-test. RESULTS: MINS was not observed in both groups. The highest incidence of postoperative cardiovascular complications was lower limbs deep vein thrombosis (14.3% in deep neuromuscular block group and 8.6% in moderate neuromuscular group). The numeric rating scale (NRS) score in the deep neuromuscular block group was lower than the moderate neuromuscular block group 72 h after surgery (0(1,2) vs 0(1,2), P = 0.018). The operation time in the deep neuromuscular block group was longer (356.7(107.6) vs 294.8 (80.0), min, P = 0.008), the dosage of propofol and remifentanil was less (3.4 (0.7) vs 3.8 (1.0), mg·kg-1·h-1, P = 0.043; 0.2 (0.06) vs 0.3 (0.07), µg·kg-1·min-1, P < 0.001), and the length of hospital stay was shorter than the moderate neuromuscular block group (18.4 (4.9) vs 22.0 (8.3), day, P = 0.028). The differences of other outcomes were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Maintaining different degrees of the neuromuscular block under TOF guidance did not change the MINS incidence within 7 days after surgery in older patients who underwent laparoscopic colorectal cancer resection. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The present study was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (10/02/2021, ChiCTR2100043323).

Comparison of Half-Effective Concentration of Propofol in Patients with Parkinson's Disease and Non-Parkinson's Disease.

Objective: This study aimed to compare the half-effective concentration (EC50) of propofol required for the bispectral index (BIS) 50 in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and non-PD (NPD) during induction by the Dixon's improved sequential method. Methods: This prospective study recruited 20 patients with PD undergoing deep brain stimulation and 20 patients with NPD accompanied by meningioma or glioma undergoing intracranial surgery from March 2018 to March 2019. The patients were induced by propofol via target-controlled infusion. The target effect-site concentration of propofol was determined by the Dixon's improved sequential method. The results of the pilot experiment showed that the target effect-site concentration for the first patient with PD and NPD was 3.5 µg/mL and 2.8 µg/mL, respectively. BIS values were recorded after achieving a constant effect-site concentration of propofol. The increment or decrement of the target effect-site concentration of the next patient was 0.1 µg/mL. Results: Demographic data, general physical condition, and hemodynamic values were similar between the PD and the NPD groups. The target effect-site concentration of propofol induction doses was significantly higher in the PD group than in the NPD group. The EC50 of propofol required for BIS 50 was 3.213 µg/mL [95% confidence interval (CI), 3.085-3.287 µg/mL] in the PD group and 2.77 µg/mL (95% CI, 2.568-2.977 µg/mL) in the NPD group. Conclusion: The EC50 of propofol required for BIS 50 was higher in patients with PD than in patients with NPD.

[A Prediction Model for Estimating Risk of Intraoperative Hypothermia in Patients Undergoing General Anesthesia:A Prospective Multicenter Study].

Objective To validate the performance of the model for predicting the risk of intraoperative hypothermia.Methods This observational prospective study enrolled the adult patients who were of American Society of Anesthesiologists Ⅰ-Ⅲ and underwent elective surgery with general anesthesia in Peking Union Medical College Hospital,Beijing Hospital,and Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University from October 2019 to August 2021.The risk prediction model of intraoperative hypothermia was used to calculate the predictors score of each patient.The body temperature of each patient was monitored throughout the perioperative period,and perioperative temperature management were entirely at the discretion of the anesthesiologists.The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC),Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test,and Brier score were employed to evaluate the prediction performance of the model.Results Of the 472 participants included in this study,141(29.9%)developed intraoperative hypothermia and 124(26.3%)received intraoperative active warming.For predicting intraoperative hypothermia in the overall cohort,the model demonstrated good discrimination capacity with an AUC of 0.729(95% CI=0.680-0.777),adequate calibration(Hosmer-Lemeshow χ2=3.143,P=0.925),and good overall performance(Brier score of 0.34).For the patients with passive warming only,the model showed good discrimination(AUC=0.756;95% CI=0.704-0.808),good calibration(Hosmer-Lemeshow χ2=7.457,P=0.488),and the Brier score of 0.29.For the patients with active warming,the model presented the AUC of 0.747(95% CI=0.632-0.863),Hosmer-Lemeshow χ2 of 4.754(P=0.783)and the Brier score of 0.47.Furthermore,we stratified the risk scores as low,moderate and high risk groups,in which the incidence of intraoperative hypothermia was 14.4%(95% CI=9.6%-19.1%),36.7%(95% CI=29.9%-43.5%),and 58.2%(95% CI=46.1%-70.3%),respectively.The differences between the three groups were statistically significant(χ2=54.112,P<0.001).Conclusion The intraoperative hypothermia prediction model demonstrates good overall differentiation capacity and has good prediction performance for the patients with or without active warming.

The Prevalence and Prognostic Role of PD-L1 in Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma Patients Underwent Radical Nephroureterectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Several studies investigating the role of PD-L1 in upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) patients after radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) to predict prognosis had been published and great controversy existed among them. We, therefore, in the meta-analysis, reported the association between PD-L1 and survival in UTUC patients who underwent RNU. Methods: We searched the PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and Web of Science by April 1, 2020. Hazard ratio (HR) and odds ratio (OR) were adopted to evaluate relationships between PD-L1 and survival outcomes, and tumor features, respectively. We formulated clinical questions and organized following the PICOS strategy. Results: Eight retrospective studies incorporating 1406 patients were included. The pooled positive rate of PD-L1 in UTUC patients was 21.0% (95% CI = 13.0-30.0%, I 2 = 95.3%). Furthermore, higher PD-L1 in tumor tissues was related to shorter cancer-specific survival (CSS) in radically resected UTUC patients (HR = 1.63, 95% CI = 1.17-2.26, I 2 = 0.0%), but was not associated with overall survival (OS) (HR = 1.49, 95% CI = 0.76-2.91, I 2 = 74.9%). Subgroup analyses indicated associations between higher PD-L1 and shorter CSS in both Caucasus (HR = 1.72, 95% CI = 1.02-2.92, I 2 = 0.0%) and Asian (HR = 1.57, 95% CI = 1.03-2.39, I 2 = 23.1%) UTUC patients. Furthermore, PD-L1 was related to tumor grade of UTUC (High vs. Low, OR = 3.56, 95% CI = 1.82-6.97, P = 0.000) and invasive depth (pT3+pT4+pT2 vs. pT1+pTa/pTis, OR = 2.53, 95% CI = 1.07-5.96, P = 0.001). In the cumulative meta-analysis, results indicated that the 95% CIs narrowed as the pooled results gradually moved near the null. Conclusions: PD-L1 overexpression was related to worse survival outcomes in UTUC patients after RNU. It may be useful to incorporate PD-L1 into prognostic tools to select appropriate treatment strategies for UTUC. PD-L1 can also be clinically used for survival anticipation, risk stratification, and patient counseling. However, the pooled findings should be considered tentative until ascertained by more researches.

Metabolic Syndrome and Risk of Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma: A Case-Control Study From Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results-Medicare-Linked Database.

BACKGROUND: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components are associated with increased risks of several cancers. However, the relationship between MetS and upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) has never been investigated before. METHODS: We identified 3,785 UTUC cases aged over 65 years old within the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results-Medicare database between 2007 and 2016. For comparison, non-cancer controls (n = 189,953) were selected from the 5% random sample of individuals residing within regions of SEER registries and matched with cases through diagnosis date and pseudo-diagnosis date. MetS and its components were all defined by using ICD-9-CM codes. Multivariate logistic regression models were conducted to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Time trends for MetS and its components were reported and we also performed dose-response effect analysis to test the concomitant effect of these components. The study was presented following the STROBE reporting checklist. RESULTS: UTUC risk was associated with metabolic syndrome (NCEP-III: OR: 1.669, 95% CI: 1.550-1.792; IDF: OR: 1.924, 95% CI: 1.676-2.172) and its component factors: elevated waist circumference/central adiposity (OR: 1.872, 95% CI: 1.693-2.055), impaired fasting glucose (OR: 1.306, 95% CI: 1.133-1.480), high blood pressure (OR: 1.295, 95% CI: 1.239-1.353), high triglycerides (OR: 1.280, 95% CI: 1.222-1.341), and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR: 1.354, 95% CI: 1.118-1.592). Consistent associations could also be observed in the subgroup analyses by tumor stages, grades, and tumor size. Additionally, the rates of MetS increased over time in both UTUC and control cohort (NCEP-III criterion; EAPC: +18.1%, P <0.001; EAPC: +16.1%, P <0.001, respectively). A significantly gradual increase in UTUC rates could be seen as the No. of the MetS components increase (χ² = 37.239, P trend = 0.000). CONCLUSIONS: Among people aged over 65, MetS and its components were significant risk factors for UTUC with consistent associations in different tumor stages, grades, and tumor size. Even if a subject who did not meet the criteria for MetS had only one of the components, he (she) still had an elevated risk for UTUC. Strategies to control the epidemic of MetS and its components might contribute to a reduction in the UTUC burden. The findings should be considered tentative until ascertained by more researches.

Preemptive oxycodone is superior to equal dose of sufentanil to reduce visceral pain and inflammatory markers after surgery: a randomized controlled trail.

BACKGROUND: Postoperative visceral pain is common after surgery and previous studies have demonstrated that oxycodone is an effective treatment. In this study, we compared the effects of preemptive oxycodone to equal dose of sufentanil on postoperative pain and serum level of inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10) after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. METHODS: Forty patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy were randomized into preemptive oxycodone group or preemptive sufentanil group. Patients were given either oxycodone 0.1 mg/kg (oxycodone group, n = 20) or sufentanil 0.1 µg/kg (sufentanil group, n = 20) for preemptive analgesia. We evaluated pain/sedation scores at 0 h, 0.5 h, 2 h, 4 h, 6 h, 8 h and 24 h after surgery and measured serum concentrations of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10 before surgery and at 0 h, 6 h and 24 h after surgery. RESULTS: Twenty patients were recruited in each group. Numerical rating scale (NRS) of visceral pain in the oxycodone group at 2 h when resting (0.5(0,2.75) vs 3(2,4), P = 0.008) and moving (0.5(0,3) vs 3(2.25,4), P = 0.015) and 4 h when moving (2(0,3) vs 3(0,4.75), P = 0.043) after surgery were significantly lower than the sufentanil group. Serum concentrations of TNF-α at 6 h (38.68 ± 10.49 vs 73.02 ± 16.27, P<0.001) and 24 h (43.12 ± 8.40 vs 74.00 ± 21.30, P<0.001) in the oxycodone group were lower than the sufentanil group. CONCLUSIONS: Preemptive oxycodone 0.1 mg/kg administration could effectively suppress visceral pain at 2 h and 4 h after surgery and had lower inflammatory marker, serum TNF-α, level when compared to equal dose of sufentanil. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinical trials registration number: ChiCTR-IOR-17013738 http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=17346 . Date of registration: 6th December 2017.