RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore the association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and diabetes in a Chinese population based on a cross-sectional analysis of patient data from a large tertiary care hospital in China and analyses whether there are any gender differences in this association. METHODS: A total of 794 (615 men and 179 women) inpatients were involved in this study. Polysomnography (PSG) was used to diagnose OSA, and overnight PSG testing was performed on each subject included in this study. All study subjects were also diagnosed with whether they had diabetes by an endocrinologist in the hospital. RESULTS: After adjusting for sex, age, smoking status, alcohol consumption and body mass index (BMI) groups, the results showed that the number of apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) events was a risk factor for diabetes, with a 9% (95% CI: 1-17%) increase in the risk of diabetes per unit increase, while subjects with higher (per unit increase) lowest oxygen saturation value monitored during the subject's sleep (LSaO2) with a 13% (95% CI: 4-22%) decrease in the risk of diabetes. Stratified analyses by gender, after adjustment, in men, OSA and its associated monitoring indicators were statistically significantly associated with diabetes [OR for severe OSA was 2.269 (95% CI: 1.164, 4.425), P=0.016, and OR for severe hypoxemia was 2.228 (95% CI: 1.145, 4.334), P=0.018], while not in women. CONCLUSION: Our study found a significant association between OSA and diabetes in a Chinese clinical-based population as well as a dose-response relationship between the severity of AHI and severe hypoxemia (LSaO2 < 80%) and blood glucose, the association has gender difference and was only present significant association in men, which demonstrated that diabetes prevention and blood glucose screening and management should be enhanced for Chinese men with OSA.
RESUMO
Chronic lung diseases (CLDs) can reduce patients' quality of life. However, evidence for the relationship between CLD and occurrence with depressive symptoms remains unclear. This study aims to determine the associations between CLD and depressive symptoms incidence, using the data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). CLD was identified via survey questionnaire and hospitalization. The follow-up survey was conducted in 2018 and depressive symptoms were assessed by the 10-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D-10). A total of 10,508 participants were studied with an average follow-up period of 3 years. A total of 2706 patients (25.8%) with newly diagnosed depressive symptoms were identified. The standardized incidence rate of depressive symptoms in baseline population with and without chronic pulmonary disease was 11.9/100 and 8.3/100 person-years, respectively. The Cox proportional risk model showed that CLD was a significant predictor of depressive symptoms (HR: 1.449, 95% CI: 1.235-1.700) after adjusting for covariates, and the HRs of depressive symptoms were higher in those participants with current smoking (HR: 1.761, 95% CI: 1.319-2.352), men (HR: 1.529, 95% CI: 1.236-1.892), living in rural areas (HR: 1.671, 95% CI: 1.229-2.272), with dyslipidemia (HR: 1.896, 95% CI: 1.180-3.045), and suffering from comorbidity (HR: 1.518, 95% CI: 1.104-2.087) at baseline survey. CLD was an independent risk factor of depressive symptoms in China. The mental health of CLD patients deserves more attention.