RESUMO
A 5-year-old, clinically normal intact female Miniature Schnauzer was presented for demonstrative ultrasonography in a seminar. She had two pregnancies in the past and had a natural mating 2 months previously. Ultrasonography revealed a segmental and circumferential mural thickening of the right uterine horn. The endometrium was markedly thickened with multiple organized hyperechoic linear striations, perpendicular to the mucosal surface. Histology revealed focal endometrial hyperplasia resembling the maternal tissue of the normal canine placenta. A diagnosis of spontaneous pseudo-placentational endometrial hyperplasia (PEH) was made. This study described a unique ultrasonographic appearance of PEH, which may facilitate the diagnosis of PEH.
Assuntos
Doenças do Cão , Hiperplasia Endometrial , Animais , Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico por imagem , Cães , Hiperplasia Endometrial/diagnóstico por imagem , Hiperplasia Endometrial/veterinária , Endométrio/diagnóstico por imagem , Feminino , Ultrassonografia/veterinária , ÚteroRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Minimally-invasive total knee arthroplasty (MIS-TKA) has demonstrated very good short-term success, but its mid- to long-term results remain inconclusive. The success may be related to the tradeoff between a small incision and accurate positioning of the implant components. Patient-specific instrumentation (PSI) aims to improve the accuracy in restoring the knee axis and the clinical outcomes for MIS-TKA, but the results are yet to be confirmed by accurate assessment during functional activities. The purpose of the current study was to measure and compare the in vivo three-dimensional (3D) rigid-body and surface kinematics of MIS-TKA implanted with and without PSI during isolated knee active flexion/extension and sit-to-stand using state-of-the-art 3D model-based fluoroscopy technology. METHODS: Ten patients treated for advanced medial knee osteoarthritis by MIS-TKA without PSI (non-PSI group) and nine with PSI (PSI group) participated in the current study. Each subject performed non-weight-bearing knee flexion/extension and sit-to-stand tasks while the motion of the prosthetic knee was under bi-plane fluoroscopy surveillance. The computer models of each of the knee prosthesis components were registered to the measured fluoroscopy images for each time frame via a novel validated 3D fluoroscopy method. Non-parametric 1-tailed Mann-Whitney tests were performed to detect the differences in the joint and surface kinematic variables every 10° of knee flexion between the non-PSI and PSI groups. The 1-tailed significance level was at α = 0.05. RESULTS: The PSI group showed clear, coupled flexion/internal rotation during activities, while the non-PSI group remained roughly at an externally rotated position with slight internal rotations. The coupled rotation in the PSI group was accompanied by an anterior displacement of the medial contact and a posterior displacement of the lateral contact, which was different from the screw-home mechanism. Neither of the two groups showed the normal roll-back phenomenon, i.e., posterior translation of the femur relative to the tibia during knee flexion. CONCLUSIONS: With the state-of-the-art 3D fluoroscopy method, differences in both the rigid-body and surface kinematics of the prosthetic knees between MIS-TKA with and without PSI were identified. Patients with PSI demonstrated significant positive effects on the reconstructed rigid-body kinematics of the knee, showing clearer coupled flexion/internal rotations - an important kinematic characteristic in healthy knees - than those without PSI during activities with or without weight-bearing. However, none of them showed normal contact patterns. The current findings will be helpful for surgical instrument design, as well as for surgical decision-making in MIS total knee arthroplasty.
Assuntos
Artroplastia do Joelho , Fluoroscopia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Minimamente Invasivos , Osteoartrite do Joelho/diagnóstico por imagem , Idoso , Fenômenos Biomecânicos , Feminino , Fêmur/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador , Imageamento Tridimensional , Joelho/fisiopatologia , Articulação do Joelho/fisiopatologia , Prótese do Joelho , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Desenho de Prótese , Amplitude de Movimento Articular , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Suporte de CargaRESUMO
A 5-year-old female intact Mastiff dog was presented with a history of vaginal discharge for 1 day. Physical examination revealed a sanguineo-purulent vaginal discharge and systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Abdominal radiographs showed several dilated and gas- filled tubular loops. The differential diagnoses included emphysematous pyometra or small intestinal mechanical ileus. Surgical exploration of the abdomen demonstrated a severely dilated and gas-filled uterus, and emphysematous pyometra was confirmed. The patient's clinical signs resolved after ovariohysterectomy. Histopathology revealed mild endometrial cystic hyperplasia with infiltration of inflammatory cells in the superficial endometrial epithelia. Enterococcus avium, an α-hemolytic gram-positive coccus, was isolated from the uterus. This paper highlights the radiographic features of emphysematous pyometra and a pathogen that has never been reported to be associated with canine pyometra previously.
Assuntos
Doenças do Cão/microbiologia , Hiperplasia Endometrial/veterinária , Enterococcus/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Positivas/veterinária , Piometra/veterinária , Animais , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico , Cães , Hiperplasia Endometrial/diagnóstico , Hiperplasia Endometrial/microbiologia , Feminino , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Positivas/diagnóstico , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Positivas/microbiologia , Piometra/diagnóstico , Piometra/microbiologiaAssuntos
Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Hepáticas/veterinária , Sarcoma/veterinária , Animais , Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças do Cão/patologia , Cães , Neoplasias Hepáticas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patologia , Masculino , Radiografia , Sarcoma/diagnóstico , Sarcoma/patologiaRESUMO
The aim of this study was to evaluate the immunomodulatory effects of sugar cane extract (SCE) on the biological activities of neutrophils in mice. Six-week-old BALB/c mice were fed 1250 mg/kg of SCE once. The generation, migration and biological functions of neutrophils and the survival rates of the mice in response to Salmonella typhimurium infection were evaluated. The results show that the numbers of both bone marrow cells and neutrophils were significantly increased in response to SCE administration (p < 0.05) compared with controls. The migration, phagocytosis and H2O2 generation of neutrophils were all significantly enhanced in SCE-treated mice (p < 0.05). After challenge with S. typhimurium (lethal dose, 50% (LD50), SCE-treated mice had a 19.2% higher survival rate and milder hepatic lesions than the controls. Additionally, fewer invasive bacteria were recovered from the spleens of SCE-treated mice. In conclusion, our results suggest that SCE has a positive regulatory effect on the biological function of mouse neutrophils that may increase host resistance against bacterial infections.
Assuntos
Neutrófilos/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Saccharum/química , Salmonelose Animal/imunologia , Salmonella typhimurium/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Células da Medula Óssea/efeitos dos fármacos , Movimento Celular , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/metabolismo , Contagem de Leucócitos , Fígado/microbiologia , Fígado/patologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Neutrófilos/imunologia , Neutrófilos/microbiologia , Fagocitose , Salmonella typhimurium/imunologia , Baço/imunologia , Baço/microbiologiaRESUMO
A recombinant fowlpox virus (rFPV/VP2) expressing infectious bursal diseases virus (IBDV) VP2 gene has been constructed. After purification and identification of rFPV/VP2, the adjuvant activity of the recombinant chicken IL-12 (rchIL-12), synthesized by our previous construct of rFPV/chIL-12, in rFPV/VP2-expressed rVP2 antigen was assessed in one-week-old specific-pathogen free chickens. The results indicated that rchIL-12 alone or rchIL-12 plus mineral oil (MO) co-administered with rVP2 antigen significantly enhanced the production of serum neutralization (SN) antibody against IBDV, compared to those with MO alone. The SN titers in groups receiving rVP2 antigen with MO alone were more inconsistent after vaccination. On the other hand, rchIL-12 significantly stimulated IFN-γ production in serum and in splenocyte cultured supernatant, suggesting that rchIL-12 alone or plus MO significantly induced a cell-mediated immune response. Finally, bursal lesion protection from very virulent IBDV (vvIBDV) challenge in chickens receiving rVP2 antigen with rchIL-12 alone or plus MO was much more effective than that with MO alone at two weeks after boosting. Taken together, rchIL-12 alone augmented in vivo the induction of a primary and also a secondary SN antibody production and a cell-mediated immunity against IBDV rVP2 antigen, which conferred the enhancement of bursal lesion protective efficacy from vvIBDV challenge. These data indicated that a potential for chIL-12 as immunoadjuvant for chicken vaccine development such as IBDV rVP2 antigen.
Assuntos
Infecções por Birnaviridae/veterinária , Galinhas , Interleucina-12/imunologia , Proteínas Estruturais Virais/imunologia , Vacinas Virais/imunologia , Adjuvantes Imunológicos , Animais , Infecções por Birnaviridae/prevenção & controle , Vírus da Varíola das Aves Domésticas , Vírus da Doença Infecciosa da Bursa/imunologia , Vírus da Doença Infecciosa da Bursa/metabolismo , Organismos Livres de Patógenos Específicos , Vacinas SintéticasRESUMO
Carbonic anhydrase (CA), a metallo-enzyme containing zinc, broadly distributes in mammalian tissues and participates in physiological regulation such as respiration, acid-base balance, ion transport, bone resorption, as well as the development of tumor by the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. However the expression of CA in the tissue of mammary gland tumor was not documented. In this study we examine the histolocalization and gene expression of CA in both normal canine mammary gland tissue and mammary gland tumor by histochemical examination, and RT-PCR. Four mRNA expression of CA isoenzymes, such as CA II, IV, VI and IX were found under RT-PCR analysis and different band patterns were found between normal canine mammary tissue and canine mammary gland tumor tissue. CA II, IV, VI and IX gene mRNA expression were found in the normal mammary gland tissue, indicating CA II, IV, VI and IX are likely to be the essential enzymes to maintain the normal physiological condition of canine mammary gland tissue cells. However the expression of CA IV was not found in the tissue of malignant mammary gland tumor that may become the marker for the prognostic recognition of canine mammary gland tumor.
Assuntos
Anidrases Carbônicas/metabolismo , Doenças do Cão/enzimologia , Neoplasias Mamárias Animais/enzimologia , Animais , Anidrases Carbônicas/genética , Cães , Regulação Enzimológica da Expressão Gênica , IsoenzimasRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to share the experience of establishing a virtual microscope and telepathology system for the oral and maxillofacial pathology laboratory course in a dental school. STUDY DESIGN: A dot-slide system has been used to generate digitized microscopic slides, which are placed on an image server that is available online. RESULTS: Using software that is available as a free download (OlyVIA), students are able to select a teaching slide record, view at magnifications comparable with those of a conventional microscope, and navigate to any area on the matching virtual slide image that is stored on the image server database. Before class, the students can review the findings of the virtual teaching slides at any time or any place via broadband internet by using the instructions available on DVD. During class, students report and discuss the histological findings of the virtual teaching slides with tutors who evaluate, test, and make constructive comments on the presentations in a Web-based computer classroom. After class, students can revise the histological findings of the microscopic virtual slides available on the server. CONCLUSIONS: Virtual microscopy has many advantages over real microscopy in oral and maxillofacial pathology education. Furthermore, telepathology could also be applied in other pathological services, such as intraoperative frozen sections, routine surgical pathology, and subspecialty consultation.
Assuntos
Instrução por Computador/métodos , Educação a Distância/métodos , Microscopia/métodos , Patologia Bucal/educação , Interface Usuário-Computador , Humanos , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador , Internet , Software , Ensino/métodos , Telepatologia/instrumentação , Gravação em VídeoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: It is generally accepted that the development of cancer in the oral mucosa is preceded by an identifiable non-invasive precursor lesion. The aim of this follow-up study was to estimate the rate and the time to transformation in a group of patients from southern Taiwan with potentially malignant oral epithelial lesions. METHODS: The follow-up time is defined as the duration between the onset of the initial diagnosis and the occurrence of confirmed oral cancer. A total of 1458 patients with histological diagnoses of various pre-malignant oral lesions were followed up between 1991 and 2001. The average age at initial diagnosis was 47.5 years. The histological diagnoses were divided into six categories: epithelial dysplasia with hyperkeratosis/epithelial hyperplasia (8.85%); epithelial dysplasia with submucous fibrosis (2.54%); submucous fibrosis (27.57%); hyperkeratosis/epithelial hyperplasia (29.01%); lichen planus (9.80%) and verrucous hyperplasia (22.22%). RESULTS: Within the cohort of 1458 patients, 44 patients progressed to oral cancer in the same site as the initial lesions with an overall transformation rate of 3.02% and a mean follow-up time of 42.64 months. Eight of the 166 patients with dysplastic lesions and 15 of 423 patients with hyperkeratosis/epithelial hyperplasia progressed to malignancy. The other patients with malignant transformation originated from various pre-cancerous oral lesions and conditions (submucous fibrosis, eight of 402; lichen planus, three of 143; verrucous hyperplasia, 10 of 324). CONCLUSION: These results indicate that patients with pre-malignant oral lesions need long-term follow up.
Assuntos
Transformação Celular Neoplásica/patologia , Neoplasias Bucais/patologia , Lesões Pré-Cancerosas/patologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Estudos de Coortes , Progressão da Doença , Epitélio/patologia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Hiperplasia , Leucoplasia Oral/patologia , Líquen Plano Bucal/patologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doenças da Boca/patologia , Fibrose Oral Submucosa/patologia , Taiwan , Fatores de Tempo , Verrugas/patologiaRESUMO
We report an unusual case of lymphoid hyperplasia that looked like a mucocele in the lower lip of a 10-year-old boy.
Assuntos
Hiperplasia do Linfonodo Gigante/patologia , Doenças Labiais/patologia , Hiperplasia do Linfonodo Gigante/cirurgia , Criança , Humanos , Doenças Labiais/cirurgia , Masculino , Mucosa Bucal/patologiaRESUMO
Intra-oral lipoma is a well-known entity, but lipomatous tumors including salivary gland tissue containing clustered or peripherally located ducts and acinar cells are uncommon. They are a newly recognized entity of salivary gland lipoma, designated sialolipoma. We describe a case of sialolipoma arising in the floor of the mouth presenting with apparently normal salivary gland tissue, as demonstrated by both histologic and immunohistochemical findings, in a 67-year-old female. Complete surgical removal of the tumor with preservation of the sublingual gland was implemented after a careful examination confirming that the lesion did not originate from the sublingual gland.
Assuntos
Lipoma/diagnóstico , Neoplasias das Glândulas Salivares/diagnóstico , Actinas/análise , Idoso , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Queratinas/análise , Lipoma/metabolismo , Lipoma/cirurgia , Soalho Bucal/química , Soalho Bucal/patologia , Soalho Bucal/cirurgia , Mucina-1/análise , Músculo Liso/química , Proteínas S100/análise , Neoplasias das Glândulas Salivares/metabolismo , Neoplasias das Glândulas Salivares/cirurgiaRESUMO
Although it is a rare event, odontogenic tumors such as ameloblastoma, ameloblastic fibroma (AF), ameloblastic fibro-odontoma, and odontoma have been reported associated with calcifying odontogenic cyst (COC). There are only four cases of COC with AF cited in the English literature. However, three of these four cases were either included in a review of a series of cases or reported as an abstract, and limited clinical and histological information was provided. We present three additional cases of COC with AF and discuss the management for this combined lesion. Because COC is known for its histologic diversity and variable clinical behavior, and the clinical significance of an association of COC with AF is still unknown, we think it is valuable to report COC with AF with detailed clinical and pathological documentation.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Maxilomandibulares/patologia , Neoplasias Primárias Múltiplas/patologia , Cisto Odontogênico Calcificante/patologia , Odontoma/patologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Neoplasias Maxilomandibulares/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Maxilomandibulares/cirurgia , Masculino , Neoplasias Primárias Múltiplas/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Primárias Múltiplas/cirurgia , Cisto Odontogênico Calcificante/diagnóstico por imagem , Cisto Odontogênico Calcificante/cirurgia , Odontoma/diagnóstico por imagem , Odontoma/cirurgia , RadiografiaRESUMO
A composite lymphoma is defined as the simultaneous occurrence of two histologically different types of lymphomas situated in one anatomical location. Reports of composite B- and T-cell lymphomas, especially in the head and neck region, are rare. We describe a 76-year-old Taiwanese aboriginal female patient clinically presenting with a midfacial necrotizing lesion (MNL). Microscopic examination of the incisional biopsy specimen revealed extensive surface necrosis with infiltrates of inflammatory cells. Beneath the necrotic surface, there appeared to be two distinct populations of pleomorphic lymphoid cells exhibiting the characteristic features of the angiocentric distribution of the tumor cells and evidence of angiodestruction. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that these atypical lymphoid cells were positive for LCA, CD45, CD5, CD20, CD3 epsilon, CD8, bcl-2 and bcl-6 and negative for CD56, CD4, CD68, keratin, S-100, kappa and lambda. Furthermore, these atypical lymphoid cells also expressed EBV-encoded nuclear RNAs (EBERs) following in situ hybridization. Therefore, this was a case of composite lymphoma: angiocentric T-cell lymphoma (ATCL) (CD8+ cytotoxic/suppressor T-cell) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBL) associated with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and presenting clinically as MNL.
Assuntos
Infecções por Vírus Epstein-Barr/complicações , Linfoma de Células B/virologia , Linfoma de Células T/virologia , Neoplasias Bucais/virologia , Neoplasias Primárias Múltiplas/virologia , Idoso , Infecções por Vírus Epstein-Barr/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Linfoma de Células B/diagnóstico , Linfoma de Células B/patologia , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/diagnóstico , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/patologia , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/virologia , Linfoma de Células T/diagnóstico , Linfoma de Células T/patologia , Neoplasias Bucais/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Bucais/patologia , Neoplasias Primárias Múltiplas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Primárias Múltiplas/patologiaRESUMO
A rare case of peripheral osteoma, which developed in the right mandibular condyle of a 27-year-old man, is presented. Condylectomy with reconstruction of the condyle using a rib graft and subsequent mouth opening exercise as well as orthodontic treatment were performed. Occlusion disharmony and facial asymmetry were substantially improved, with no sign of recurrence two years after surgery. Long-term post-operative care of mouth opening exercise is highlighted. Orthodontic treatment is also indicated for better results on occlusal function and facial appearance. Therefore, a team composed of interdisciplinary specialists such as dentist, oral & maxillofacial and chest surgeons is indispensable to successful treatment.