The Transcriptomic Profiles of ESR1 and MMP3 Stratify the Risk of Biochemical Recurrence in Primary Prostate Cancer beyond Clinical Features.

The molecular determinants of the heterogenic course of prostate cancer (PC) remain elusive. We aimed to determine the drivers predisposing to unfavorable PC outcomes anticipated by BCR events among patients of similar preoperative characteristics. The TCGA transcriptomic and clinical data of 497 PC individuals were used, stratified according to the risk of BCR by EAU-EANM-ESTRO-ESUR-SIOG. The relevance of the functional markers regarding BCR-free survival was examined by the cutp algorithm. Through UpSetR, subgroups of PC patients bearing an unfavorable signature were identified, followed by the hierarchical clustering of the major markers of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). BCR-free survival was estimated with the Cox proportional hazards regression model. ESR1 significantly differentiated BCR-free survival, whereas AR did not. An elevation in KLK3 correlated with better prognosis, although PGR, KLK3, CDH1, and MMP3 predicted BCR better than the preoperative PSA level. Patients sharing an unfavorable profile of ESR1 and MMP3 together with lymph node status, Gleason score, T, and EAU risk groups were at a higher risk of BCR originating from mesenchymal features of PC cells. To conclude, we revealed an ESR1-driven unfavorable profile of EMT underpinning a worse PC trajectory. ESR1 may have a major role in PC progression; therefore, it could become a major focus for further investigations.

A comparative evaluation of radical prostatectomy using laparoscopic and open method in view of surgical margins.

Introduction: A positive surgical margin (PSM) in the radical prostatectomy (RP) specimen is associated with biochemical recurrence (BCR) and the need for adjuvant radiation therapy, and is an analysis of surgical procedure quality. We present data describing the identification, anatomy, and management of PSM after RP performed via an open operation and laparoscopically. The aim of the study was to compare assessment of RP (open vs. laparoscopic) in terms of analysis of PSM in postoperative histopathological tissue. Material and methods: Patients with pT1 to pT3b prostate cancer with detailed surgical margin parameters and BCR status were analysed. The patients were divided into groups depending on the stage of neoplastic disease and the choice of operative procedure. Results: In total, we obtained data from 140 PC patients. Positive surgical margins were confirmed in 11 cases treated with open surgery and in 7 cases treated with laparoscopic procedure. There was no statistically significant (p >0.05) relationship between the frequency of positive margins and the type of procedure. There was no statistically significant (p >0.05) relationship between the frequency of positive margins and the type of procedure in subgroups according to the Gleason score. There was a statistically significant (p <0.05) relationship between the clinical stage of the tumor and the type of margin. This particularly refers to tumours with stage T3b (more numerous in the group of open surgeries) and T2c (more numerous in the laparoscopic group). Conclusions: There was no statistically significant correlation between the type of surgery and the incidence of a positive surgical margin.

13C Natural Isotope Abundance in Urothelium as a New Marker in the Follow-Up of Patients with Bladder Cancer.

Bladder cancer (BC) is the most common urological malignancy and has a high incidence of recurrence. BC cells alter their nutrient uptake and metabolic pathways in order to continue the production of sufficient levels of ATP and metabolic intermediates for proliferation and survival. Changes in metabolic pathways regarding the rate of the enzymatic reaction and transport lead to differences in the content of natural isotopes (13C, 15N, 34S) between normal and cancerous tissues. The assessment of the stable isotopes of carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur in normal urothelium and bladder cancer samples was performed using Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (IRMS). The natural abundance of 15N and 13C was decreased in bladder cancer samples when compared to normal urothelium. No significant correlation was observed in BC specimens depending on the tumor grade and stage. Samples derived from bladder tumors and normal urothelium had a different pattern of 15N and 13C isotope abundance. Decreased 13C natural isotopes in the normal urothelium of BC patients were significantly associated with a shorter DFS. Our results suggest that isotopic analysis of normal urothelium of BC patients can be used to predict bladder cancer recurrence.

Comparison of the Results of Therapy for cT1 Renal Carcinoma with Nephron-Sparing Surgery (NSS) vs. Percutaneous Thermal Ablation (TA).

Implementation of ultrasonography (USG), computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) into abdominal cavity diagnostics enabled early detection of cT1 graded renal cancers. According to European Association of Urology (EAU) and Polish urological Association (PUA) recommended method of treatment is sparing resection of renal parenchyma with tumour-nephron-sparing surgery (NSS). In selected cases other methods such as thermal ablation (TA) or cryoablation can be introduced /1/. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the results of treatment of cT1 renal tumours with the use of NSS and TA methods. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 140 patients with cT1 renal carcinoma were treated in 2nd Department of Urology of Medical University of Lodz between 2014 and 2017. Neuron-sparing surgery was performed in 56 cases (40%), while percutane-ous thermal ablation (TA) in 84 cases (60%). Demographic data, clinical data (lab results, Charlson index), nephrometry data (tumour size, location, R.E.N.A.L. score) post-operative data (Clavien-Dindo classifica-tion) were investigated. Histopathology results, Fuhrman malignancy grading, as total three-year survival of patients were evaluated. The following methods were used for statistical evaluation: Chi2, Fisher, W Shapiro-Wilk, U Mann-Whitney tests, Kaplan-Meier's curve and Cox model. The results were displayed in a form of median and upper and lower quartile values (25-75%). RESULTS: No statistical differences in gender nor left/right kidney location were observed. Patients, who underwent TA were at average 10 years older and had multiple comorbidities (median age for TA was 79, for NSS 68; median Charlson index for TA was 5 and for NSS was 3). TA patients had lesser haematological values (Hb, Ht). R.E.N.A.L. scoring demonstrated comparable nephrometry in both groups. NSS procedure was open laparotomy without temporary clamping of renal vessels. Surgical margins of resected tumours were negative. TA was performed with Cool-Tip Covidienequipment with the use of Cluster electrode and was ultraso-nography-guided. Post-treatment complications evaluated with the use of Clavien-Dindo classification were slightly more frequent for NSS method. Patients after NSS were discharged at average after 8.5 days and after TA after 3 days. Histopathological type and Fuhrman malignancy grading were comparable in both groups. TA treated patients' death risk was 9-fold of that observed in NSS treated patients. There was 1 death for each group in perioperative period. CONCLUSION: 1. NSS was associated with slightly higher side effect rate but resulted in prolonged survival. 2. TA was applied to elderly patients with comorbidities. Despite less invasive treatment this group had poorer/reduced survival. 3. Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) and the treatment method were relevant survival factors in patients treated due to cT1 renal cancer tumours.

Treatment patterns for lower urinary tract symptoms and overactive bladder in an Eastern European country: a nationwide population-representative survey.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to establish at the population level the treatment patterns for lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and overactive bladder (OAB) in Poland. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We used data from LUTS POLAND, a survey representative of the entire Polish population classified by age, sex, and place of residence. The treatment patterns we considered were lifestyle changes, physiotherapy, non-prescription drugs, prescription drugs, and surgical treatment. RESULTS: We obtained 6,005 completed interviews. About one-third of respondents who reported LUTS or OAB were seeking treatment, and many of these persons received treatment. Men were more proactive in seeking treatment than women, and men more often received treatment. Management with prescription drugs was the most common treatment modality of LUTS and OAB respondents. There were some disparities in distribution of other treatment options between LUTS and OAB persons, but, disappointingly, non-invasive and low-cost management strategies were rarely reported as being used. Specialists (mainly urologists) provided most of the treatments. We did not identify differences between urban and rural areas in treatment seeking, treatment receiving, and the treatment methods that were used. CONCLUSIONS: In Poland, the scale was low for seeking treatment for LUTS and OAB. As well, there was little reliance on non-invasive and low-cost management strategies for LUTS and OAB. Our findings underline the need for education of patients and physicians about LUTS and OAB, and for greater healthcare and financial resources for LUTS and OAB patients.

Endoscopic extraperitoneal radical prostatectomy: An initial report following the first 30 cases.

INTRODUCTION: To present initial observations after the first 30 cases of endoscopic extraperitoneal radical prostatectomy carried out at our department, which so far has had no experience with this surgical procedure. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In the period of 15 months a group of 30 patients with organ confined prostate cancer, underwent endoscopic extraperitoneal radical prostatectomy using Montsouris technique. All procedures were performed by the same team of two urologists and one resident. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 65.3 years (43-73 years), the mean preoperative prostate specific antigen (PSA) was 7.2 ng/ml (4-9.8 ng/ml), the mean prostate volume measured in TRUS was 41 cm³ (25-80 cm³). The mean operative time was 3 h 55 min (3 h 15 min - 5 h 30 min). The negative margin was achieved in 26 patients (86%). In seven patients (23%) blood transfusion was required. Three patients had intraoperative rectal injury. In two cases trauma was supplied laparoscopically, and in one case it was decided to perform diverting colostomy. The majority of patients (65%) were discharged home on the fifth day after surgery. Two months postoperatively 13 patients (43%) were continent, 16 (35%) presented moderate stress incontinence with occasional urine leakage during normal activity and 1 patient (3%) presented severe stress incontinence. CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic extraperitoneal radical prostatectomy during the early phase of learning is technically difficult, requiring from the operator the laparoscopic skills, determination and a thorough knowledge of the theoretical basis of the subsequent stages of the procedure. Urologists who start performing this procedures must be aware of possible intra as well as postoperative complications.

Diagnostic and therapeutic recommendations for patients with nocturia.

INTRODUCTION: Nocturia is defined as the urge to urinate at night when the micturition was directly preceded and followed by sleep. Due to its negative impact on the quality of life of patients, an effective treatment for this disease has become a significant therapeutic challenge. The aim of this article was to explain the main risk factors for the occurrence of nocturia and to present diagnostic and therapeutic schemes in the case of nocturnal polyuria (idiopathic night time polyuria). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A review of the literature was carried out and the available guidelines of international science societies, which provided the basis for the above recommendations, were analyzed. RESULTS: Detailed medical history should include information concerning: lower urinary tract symptoms (including nocturia), underlying illnesses, urogenital disorders, previous surgeries and medications administered. Keeping a bladder diary is recommended. The physical examination, depending on the patient's gender, should include gynecological examination with pelvic organ prolapse assessment or prostate evaluation. In laboratory tests, a urinalysis may be used, in particular cases a cytological analysis of urine sediment may be carried out. In addition, a possible ultrasound and/or cystoscopy may be conducted. Nocturia therapy should begin with modifying dietary habits, including compliance with the fluid regimen, avoiding alcohol, coffee and tea. Moderate physical exercise is also recommended. The pharmacological treatment of nocturia caused by nocturnal polyuria is based on the use of desmopressin at a daily single dose of 25 µg for women and 50 µg for men. The use of desmopressin allows for the reduction in the number of nocturia episodes, as well as improves the overall quality of life and sleep. Treatment with desmopressin can also be considered as a form of therapy added in people with an overactive bladder or benign prostatic hyperplasia, in which nocturia is a significant clinical problem. CONCLUSIONS: Desmopressin is an effective and safe first-line treatment option in pharmacological therapy of nocturia caused by nocturnal polyuria.

Sensitivity of neoplastic cells to senescence unveiled under standard cell culture conditions.

BACKGROUND: Cancer cells are typically defined as infinitely proliferating, whereas normal cells (except stem cells) are considered as being programmed to become senescent. Our data show that this characterization is misleading. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification, TP53 sequencing, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for MUC1 and SCGB2A2 and immunocytochemistry, together with senescence detection assay and real-time microscopic observations were used to analyze primary neoplastic cells isolated from prostate, breast and colorectal tumors, as well as stable cancer cell lines (MCF7, MDA-MB-468, SW962, SK-MEL28, NCI-H1975 and NCI-H469). RESULTS: In all cases of primary cancer cell cultures, in vitro conditions rapidly revealed senescence in the majority of cells. Two out of six stable cancer cell lines did not exhibit any senescence-associated-ß-Galactosidase-positive cells. Interestingly, four cell lines had small sub-populations of senescent cells (single SA-ß-Gal-positive cells). CONCLUSION: Primary neoplastic cells from different types of cancer (prostate, breast, colon cancer) appear to be senescent in vitro. Apparently, cancer cell lines that have been used for many years in drug-testing analyses have constantly been misleading researchers in terms of the general sensitivity of cancer cells to senescence.

[Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma - case report]. / Rak chromofobowy nerkowokomórkowy - opis przypadku.

Malignant tumors of the kidney, which the most common is renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is diagnosed in Poland in more than 5,000 patients each year. Most cases of kidney cancer occurs after the age of 55 years. In men, the risk is 2 times higher than in women. Among the various histological subtypes of RCC, 5% of cases of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (chRCC). The 1% is in combination with oncocytoma, creating a hybrid chromophobe renal cell carcinoma. The paper presents a case report of a patient operated on because of a kidney tumor - eosinophilic type of chromophobe cancer. During subsequent care of patients experienced a rare complication of this type of tumor, ie. metastasized to the paraaortic lymph nodes. Another surgery and radiotherapy were later stages of treatment. Discussed in the paper example of a patient with type eosinophilic chRCC indicate the variable nature and mileage as compared with typical of the tumor, thus requiring increased surveillance oncology. This requires a careful approach clinicians at the stage of diagnosis and then treatment and aftercare.

Alternating expression levels of WWOX tumor suppressor and cancer-related genes in patients with bladder cancer.

The aim of the present study was to determine the roles of the WWOX tumor suppressor and cancer-related genes in bladder tumor carcinogenesis. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to analyze the status of WWOX promoter methylation (using MethylScreen™ technology) and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in papillary urothelial cancer tissues. The associations between the expression levels of the following tumorigenesis-related genes were also assessed: The WWOX tumor suppressor gene, the MKI67 proliferation gene, the BAX, BCL2 and BIRC5 apoptotic genes, the EGFR signal transduction gene, the VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor gene, and the CCND1 and CCNE1 cell cycle genes. The results reveal a high frequency of LOH in intron 1 in the WWOX gene, as well as an association between reduced WWOX expression levels and increased promoter methylation. In addition, the present study demonstrates that in bladder tumors, apoptosis is inhibited by increased expression levels of the BCL2 gene. A correlation between the proliferation indices of the MKI67 and the BIRC5 genes was also revealed. Furthermore, the expression levels of VEGF were identified to be positively associated with those of the EGFR gene.

The evaluation of tissue mass loss in the incision line of prostate with benign hyperplasia performed using holmium laser and cutting electrode.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study is to compare the changes in the incision line of prostatic adenoma using a monopolar cutting electrode and holmium laser, as well as the assessment of associated tissue mass and volume loss of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The material used in this study consisted of 74 preparations of prostatic adenoma obtained via open retropubic adenomectomy, with an average volume of 120.7 ml. The material obtained cut in vitro before fixation in formaldehyde. One lobe was cut using holmium laser, the other using a monopolar cutting electrode. After the incision was made, tissue mass and volume loss were evaluated. Thermocoagulation changes in the incision line were examinedunder light microscope. RESULTS: In the case of the holmium laser incision, the average tissue mass loss was 1.73 g, tissue volume loss 3.57 ml and the depth of thermocoagulation was 1.17 mm. When the monopolar cutting electrode was used average tissue mass loss was 0.807 g, tissue volume loss 2.48 ml and the depth of thermocoagulation was 0.19 mm. CONCLUSIONS: Where holmium laser was used, it was observed that the layer of tissue with thermocoagulation changes was deeper than in the case of the monopolar cutting electrode. Moreover, it was noticed that holmium laser caused bigger tissue mass and volume loss than the cutting electrode.

Rare case of malignant lymphoma of kidney.

We present a 64-year-old patient suffering from extranodal malignant lymphoma. The patient was admitted to the County Hospital Urology Ward with suspicion of the left kidney tumor. As part of pre-operational diagnosis, ultrasonographic examination and computed tomography of kidneys were conducted. The results confirmed the initial diagnosis. After undergoing radical surgical treatment, the patient is currently under the care of hematology ward of oncology centre.

Prediction of bladder cancer based on urinary content of MGEA5 and OGT mRNA level.

BACKGROUND: The mRNA expression of genes coding enzymes involved in O-GlcNAcylation were analyzed in urine obtained from 176 bladder cancer (BC) patients and 143 healthy persons. METHODS: MGEA5 and OGT expression was measured by a real-time PCR assay. RESULTS: OGT expression was not detected in urine of healthy persons but it was found in 51.7% of BC samples. Positive expression of MGEA5 was found in urine of both healthy persons (47.1%) and BC patients (52.3%). Poorly differentiated BC (grade III) showed significantly lower MGEA5 expression than grade I tumors. Contrary, OGT transcript level was significantly higher in grade II and III in comparison to grade I BC. Moreover, there was significant difference in OGT expression between early bladder cancers and invasive or advanced bladder cancers. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that analysis of urinary content of MGEA5 and OGT may be useful for bladder cancer diagnostics.

Complication rates after prostate biopsy according to the number of sampled cores.

INTRODUCTION: A PROSTATE BIOPSY CAN RESULT IN SUCH COMPLICATIONS AS: hematuria, rectal bleeding, pain in hypogastrium, perineum or urethra, fever, nausea, vomiting, retention of urine or other adverse events. The aim of this research was to estimate complication rates after a prostate biopsy based on the number of cores. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The complication rate was evaluated on the basis of questionnaires filled out by patients. Questions were related to the occurrence of mentioned complications on the first and second day after prostate biopsy. Patients were divided into two groups: 1(st) group (41 patients) 5-8 cores and 2(nd) group (73 patients) 12 or more cores. RESULTS: There was no significant statistical difference in the occurrence of complications mentioned in the questionnaires in both groups. The biggest difference was recorded for hematuria - 1(st) day: 39% in the 1st and 53% in the 2nd group (p = 0.1398); 2(nd) day: 15% in the 1(st) and 30% in the 2(nd) group (p = 0.0650). Rectal bleeding on the 1(st) day also seems to vary: 12% in the 1st and 26% in the 2(nd) group (p = 0.0835). Other complications occurred in 3-8% of patients. 32% of patients in the 1(st) and 29% in the 2(nd) group (p = 0.7419) had no complications at all. CONCLUSIONS: The most common complications after a prostate biopsy are hematuria and rectal bleeding. Other complication rates are low. In general, complication rates after a prostate biopsy procedure are not related to the number of sampled cores.

HIF-1, GLUT1, endoglin, and BIRC5 expression in urine samples obtained from patients with bladder malignancies - after photodynamic diagnosis (PDD).

INTRODUCTION: Bladder cancer (BC) is a serious medical problem. The high rate of recurrence and progression demands the development of new methods, such as genetic markers, which allow diagnosis and patient follow-up. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to compare expression of HIF-1, GLUT1, endoglin, and BRIC5 in patients without and those with BC. The second group was divided into sub-groups: those without a history of PDD (photodynamic diagnosis) in the diagnostic process and those after PDD. METHODS: Patients with BC were diagnosed using the PDD method using hexaminolevulinate (Hexvix(®)). The expressions of HIF-1, GLUT1, endoglin, and BRIC5 genes were established in urine specimens by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS: The expressions of all tested genes were higher in the group of patients with BC than in the group without BC. In the group after PDD, a statistically significant overexpression of HIF-1 was observed. In this group, changes were not observed in cases of the other three tested genes. CONCLUSIONS: The differences between the group with PDD and the group without it can be connected with the direct influence of PDD on malignant tissue, which can cause overexpression of HIF-1 only. This is, however, only a hypothesis and needs further study.

Comparison of the effectiveness of crushing concrements in the urinary tract with the use of holmium laser and sonotrode.

INTRODUCTION: Holmium lasers and ultrasound probes are widely used in urinary stone lithotripsy. The authors present a comparison of both methods in urinary stones lithotripsy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed 164-patients who underwent endoscopic lithotripsy. Ninety-eight of them (group I) were treated with the holmium laser Omni-Pulse Max 80 and were compared to the other 66-patients (group II) who were operated on with an ultrasound probe (sonotrode). Prior to the procedures, all patients were exposed to urological ultrasound and radiological imaging in order to localize the stone. The state where the stones were invisible in the radiological and renal ultrasound imaging that was performed after the operation was considered to be effective. Patients were operated under intravenous general or subepidural anesthesia. RESULTS: The effectiveness of laser lithotripsy in the bladder amounted to 100% (25 of 25 patients). In the case of stones localized in the ureter it reached 89%. The total effectiveness of the procedure reached 92% (90 out of 98 procedures). In group II, the total effectiveness of the procedure reached 79% (52 out of 66 procedures). In group I, two cases the inflammatory changes of the ureter made the endoscopy impossible. These two patients were operated with open surgery. In one case, the laser lithotripsy was complicated with a perforation of the ureter. CONCLUSION: The results prove that laser lithotripsy is a method of high effectiveness with a low risk of complication. It might surpass sonotrode and become its alternative. Both methods have both advantages and disadvantages.

[EORTC risk tables--a new diagnostic tool in urology]. / Tabele ryzyka EORTC--nowe narzedzie diagnostyczne w urologii.

75-85% newly diagnosed bladder cancers are lesions that are not invading the muscle layer of bladder. Patients treated for bladder cancer in this stage are characterized that part of them will develop recurrent bladder cancer and it may progress. Depending on a patient's characteristics, after transurethral resection (TUR), the probability of recurrence at one year ranges from about 15% to 70% and the probability of progression at five years ranges from about 7% to 40%. Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer is a heterogeneous group of tumors with completely different oncological outcome. Taking into consideration the risk of recurrence and progression, many researchers attempted to define risk factors for bladder cancer. After many test and researches had been conducted in different research and development centres a few risk factors were detected such as: number of tumors, tumor size, recurrence rate, staging (7T), grading (G), presence of carcinoma in situ (CIS). Basing on those factors patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer were divided into three risk groups. Low risk group - single, diameter < 3 cm, TaG1 tumors, high risk group - multiple, diameter > 3 cm, frequently recurrent, T1G3 tumors with concomitant CIS, intermediate risk group - the rest of tumors not mentioned in prior two groups. When using this division into three risk groups there is no possible to predict the probability of bladder cancer recurrence and progression separately Although prognostic factors may indicate a high risk for recurrence, the risk for progression may still be low and other tumors may have a high risk of both recurrence and progression. In order to separately predict the short-term and long-term risks of both recurrence and progression in individual patients, the EORTC developed a scoring system and risk tables (EORTC nomograms).

[Experiences in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia with high power potassium-titanyl-phosphate (KTP) laser]. / Wlasne doswiadczenia w leczeniu lagodnego rozrostu stercza wysokoenergetycznym laserem potasowo-tytanowo-fosforowym KTP.

UNLABELLED: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) exist in about 70% men after 60 years old. High power KTP laser is a new tool for the treatment of BPH. MATERIAL AND METHOD: 49 men were treated by photoselective vaporisation of the prostate (PVP) from August 2003 to May 2004. Thirty patients with follow-up period longer than 12 weeks (12 to 26 weeks) were analyzed. Preoperative prostate volume ranged from 31 to 136 cc. PSA range, estimated before treatment, was normal in all patients (pts). International Prostate Symptom Score (I-PSS) estimated before treatment was over 24 and Quality of Life (QoL) was over 3 in all pts. The maximum peak urinary flow (Qmax) before treatment ranged from 7.2 to 14.1 ml/s. RESULTS: One patient was catheterized with Foley catheter at the finish of the procedure. Two pts required catheterization in the first day after treatment. In two pts increasing of body temperature to 38 degrees C was observed in the first day after treatment. Twenty four hours after treatment haematuria required catheterization was observed in one patient. Seven days after treatment in 4 pts massive haematuria was observed (two required hospitalisation). In one patient because of urinary retention 4 weeks after PVP transurethral resection of the prostate was performed. Four weeks after PVP I-PSS decreased from 24 to 20 and after 12 weeks to 15. The Qmax increased and ranged from 11.3 ml/s to 17.1 ml/s 4 weeks after PVP and 12 weeks after PVP ranged from 15.1 to 22.8 ml/s. CONCLUSIONS: Photoselective vaporization of the prostate reduces I-PSS in all patients 12 weeks after procedure. Short follow-up period and a limited number of patients in study group cannot lead to ultimate conclusions. However the results encourage to undertaking further studies on PVP for the treatment of BPH.