Adult Laryngeal Pleomorphic Rhabdomyosarcoma: A Rare Entity.

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a rare and aggressive cancerous tumor that arises from embryonal mesenchymal cells with skeletal muscle differentiation, and it is exceedingly rare that occurs specifically in the larynx. To date, only 22 instances of laryngeal pleomorphic RMSs have been documented in adults. Consequently, there is limited information available to assist healthcare professionals in effectively handling RMS in the larynx of adult patients. Here, we present an uncommon occurrence involving a 45-year-old man who experienced progressive hoarseness and received a diagnosis of pleomorphic RMS affecting the larynx. Pleomorphic RMS had been pathologically diagnosed after a vertical hemilaryngectomy. Following the surgical intervention, the patient underwent chemotherapy and radiation therapy. As of now, there have been no indications of tumor recurrence.

Expression of IL-17 and syndecan-1 in nasal polyps and their correlation with nasal polyps.

Nasal polyp (NP) is a common chronic inflammatory disease of the nasal cavity and sinuses. Although some authors have suggested that NP is related to inflammatory factors such as interleukin (IL)-1ß, IL-5, IL-8, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and IL-17, the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis and progression of NP remain obscure. This study investigated the expression and distribution of IL-17 and syndecan-1 in NP, and explored the roles of these two molecules in the pathogenesis of eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (Eos CRSwNP) and non-Eos CRSwNP. Real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression of IL-17 and syndecan-1 in samples [NP, unciform process (UP) from patients with CRS, and middle turbinate (MT) from healthy controls undergoing pituitary tumor surgery]. The results showed that the expression levels of IL-17 and syndecan-1 were upregulated in both NP and UP tissues, but both factors were higher in NP tissues than in UP tissues. There was no significant difference in IL-17 levels between the Eos CRSwNP and non-Eos CRSwNP samples, and syndecan-1 levels were increased in the non-Eos CRSwNP tissues as compared with those in Eos CRSwNP tissues. In all of the groups, there was a close correlation between the expression of IL-17 and syndecan-1 in nasal mucosa epithelial cells, glandular epithelial cells, and inflammatory cells, suggesting that IL-17 and syndecan-1 may play a role, and interact with each other, in the pathogenesis of non-Eos CRSwNP.

[Diagnosis and treatment of pyriform sinus perforation].

OBJECTIVE: To study the early diagnosis, treatment and Prognosis of pyriform sinus perforation. METHODS: To study the clinical feature about 15 cases of pyriform sinus perforation, Most of the 15 cases with pyriform sinus perforation were associated with pharyngeal pain or fever. contrast x-ray studies and CT scan were used to confirm the perforation. conservative treatment in 9 cases and surgical intervention in 6 cases. and review relevant literature. RESULTS: Of all 15 cases, 9 cases with wild symptoms for conservative treatment, 6 cases with severe symptoms and complications were treated surgically. All achieved better clinical efficacy, By relevant examination, the perforation were healed within 2 - 4 weeks and none had re-perforation for 1 - 30 months follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Pyriform sinus perforation with wild symptoms and within 12 hours can be treated conservatively. Large perforation (> 2 cm) last more than 12 hours or any complications require exploration, operation repair if possible and adequate drainage. early diagnosis and effective treatment can reduce the incidence of complications and improve the survival rate of patients.

[Electrophysiological characteristics of muscarinic cholinergic receptor in rat medial vestibular nucleus neurons by visual patch clamp technique].

OBJECTIVE: To establish the visual patch clamp whole-cell recording technique and study the properties and functional significance of muscarinic receptor-mediated currents in rat medial vestibular nucleus neurons (MVNn). METHODS: Brain slices containing the MVN were prepared from fifteen Wistar rats. By combining infrared differential interference contrast (IR-DIC) technique and CCD-Camera system with visual patch clamp whole-cell recording technique, twenty healthy neurons were located and muscarinic receptor-mediated currents in rat MVNn were observed and analyzed. RESULTS: Visual patch clamp technique can be used to make direct localization and to make sure of active neuron. In MVNn, a comparison of the current-voltage relationships before and during the application of muscarine, which revealed an increase in the slope of the I-V curve and the reversal potential for this response lay at (-88.4 +/- 4.9) mV (x +/- s), indicates that the activation of muscarinic cholinergic receptors leads to a decrease in potassium current. The test in the voltage sensitivity of the muscarine-induced response, which showed that the effect had a linear current-voltage relationship and reversed at (-86.7 +/- 3.5) mV, indicates that the potassium current blocked by muscarine corresponds to the voltage-insensitive leak potassium current. CONCLUSIONS: Visual patch clamp technique, which was considered better than blind patch clamp technique, can improve the success of sealing process. By the analysis of muscarinic receptor-mediated currents, the data provide support that muscarinic cholinergic mechanisms play a prominent role in the modulation of the excitability of MVNn and also offer a new idea for the efficacy of anticholinergic drugs.