Incidence Rate of Secondary Glaucoma Following Congenital Cataract Surgery: An In-Depth Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

PURPOSE: To assess the incidence of secondary glaucoma in children following congenital cataract surgery. DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS: The PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were searched from inception through March 16, 2023. Studies reporting congenital cataract surgery and glaucoma were enrolled. The quality of the selected studies was assessed using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale, and data analysis was executed utilizing R software. RESULTS: A total of 36 published studies with 3,151 patients (4,717 eyes) were included in the analysis. The incidence rate of glaucoma following congenital cataract surgery was 6.6% (95% CI: 3.9%, 9.9%). The incidence of secondary glaucoma in the primary intraocular lens (IOL) implantation group [3.3% (95% CI: 1.5%, 5.8%)] and the secondary IOL implantation group [3.5% (95% CI: 0%, 11.4%)] were lower compared to the aphakia group [13.5% (95% CI: 7.7%, 20.6%)]. The incidence rate among children with congenital cataracts from Asia [6.9% (95% CI: 4.1%, 10.4%)] was higher than that in European children [0.9% (95% CI: 0%, 3.0%)] (p < 0.01). A correlation was identified between the age at cataract surgery and the incidence of secondary glaucoma (p = 0.0215). CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis found that the incidence of secondary glaucoma following congenital cataract surgery is approximately 6.6%. Children with IOL implantation exhibit a lower incidence of secondary glaucoma, with a lower incidence noted in European children compared to their Asian counterparts. The age at cataract surgery is an important risk factor to consider.

The causal effect of obesity on concomitant exotropia: A lifecourse Mendelian randomization study.

Obesity is now a significant global public health issue. Limited understanding exists regarding the association between obesity and concomitant exotropia. Our objective was to identify the causal relationship between lifecourse obesity, including birth weight, childhood body mass index (BMI), and adult BMI, and the risk of concomitant exotropia. We used a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) strategy to examine the causal relationship with inverse-variance weighted method as the primary MR analysis. We carried out sensitivity analyses to evaluate the accuracy and robustness of our findings. Also, we performed reverse-direction MR analysis to eliminate the possibility of reverse causality. Childhood BMI, as opposed to birth weight or adult BMI, had a significant impact on the risk of concomitant exotropia (odds ratio = 1.40, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.08-1.81, P = .01). This significance persisted even after accounting for birth weight and adult BMI using multivariable MR analysis (odds ratio = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.04-1.75, P = .02). There was no significant heterogeneity or pleiotropy observed in sensitivity analyses (P > .05). Multivariable MR analysis further confirmed the absence of pleiotropic effects of some risk factors including prematurity, maternal smoking around birth and refractive error. Reverse causality did not affect the causal relationship (beta = -0.0244, 95% CI: -0.0545 to 0.0056, P = .11). Genetic predisposition to higher childhood BMI was found to be causally linked to an increased risk of concomitant exotropia.

Circulating microRNA-21 (MIR-21) and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) are promising novel biomarkers for detection of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential of the blood levels of MIR-21 and PTEN as novel biomarkers for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). We initially detected MIR-21 and PTEN using real-time RT-PCR from 90 blood samples and then compared their results with expression in cancer tissues from 10 OSCC patients. Finally, we examined the relationship between these markers and clinical parameters. Blood MIR-21 and PTEN had significant diagnostic value for OSCC and, to an extent, correlated with the expression level of tumour MIR-21 and PTEN. In addition, they were associated with differentiation and nodal status. Thus circulating MIR-21 and PTEN might represent new complementary tumour markers for OSCC.

Decompression as a treatment for odontogenic cystic lesions of the jaw.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness of decompression as the primary treatment of odontogenic cystic lesions of the jaw involving factors that affect relative shrinking speed and bone regeneration. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 32 patients with odontogenic cystic lesions of the jaw underwent decompression with customized thermoplastic resin stents. Clinical examinations and pre- and postdecompression panoramic radiographs were analyzed. RESULTS: The mean relative speed of shrinkage of radicular cysts (RCs; 3.37 cm(2)/month) was faster than those of keratocystic odontogenic tumors (KCOTs; 2.87 cm(2)/month) and unicystic ameloblastomas (UABs; 2.71 cm(2)/month). The relative shrinking size increased linearly in a time-dependent manner for KCOTs (r = 0.849, P < .001), RCs (r = 0.681, P = .319), and UABs (r = 0.146, P = .730); a similar relation was detected between the primary radiolucent area of cystic lesions before decompression and relative shrinking speed after decompression in KCOTs (r = 0.481, P = .032), RCs (r = 0.260, P = .673), and UABs (r = 0.370, P = .366), but patient age did not affect the relative speed of shrinkage (P > .05). Furthermore, the increase in bone density was more significant in RCs than in KCOTs (P = .026) and UABs (P = .012) after decompression. CONCLUSION: Decompression was effective in reducing odontogenic cystic lesions of the jaw and increasing bone density. For aggressive lesions, secondary definitive surgery was necessary.