A dataset on the influence of large particle gas-solid injector structural parameters on injection performance.

This paper takes the power source (gas-solid injector) of the large-sized particle pneumatic conveying system as the design object, builds the pure gas flow field experiment bed and particle pneumatic injection experiment bed, and establishes the dataset of the large-sized particle gas-solid injector of the injection experimental results. Constructed the simulation model of gas-solid injectors based on CFD-DEM coupling, and established the dataset of pure gas flow field injection and gas-solid injection simulation results under multiple evaluation indexes. These datasets are valuable for engineers and designers, providing a reference for designing gas-solid injectors and other pneumatic conveying devices.

A novel nomogram and survival analysis for different lymph node status in breast cancer based on the SEER database.

INTRODUCTION: The axillary lymph node status (ALNS) and internal mammary lymph nodes (IMLN) expression associated with breast cancer are closely linked to prognosis. This study aimed to establish a nomogram to predict survival at 3, 5, and 10 years in patients with various lymph node statuses. METHODS: We obtained data from patients with breast cancer between 2004 and 2015 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER database). Chi-square analysis was performed to test for differences in the pathological characteristics of the groups, and Kaplan-Meier analysis and the log-rank test were used to plot and compare the correlation between overall survival (OS) and breast cancer specific survival (BCSS). The log-rank test was used for the univariate analysis, and statistically significant characteristics were included in the multivariate and Cox regression analyses. Finally, Independent factor identification was included in constructing the nomogram using R studio 4.2.0; area under curve (AUC) values were calculated, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, calibration, and decision curve analysis (DCA) curves were plotted for evaluation. RESULTS: A total of 279,078 patients were enrolled and analysed, demonstrating that the isolated tumour cells (ITC) group had clinicopathological characteristics similar to those of micrometastases (Mic). Multivariate analysis was performed to identify each subgroup's independent risk factors and construct a nomogram. The AUC values were 74.7 (95% CI 73.6-75.8), 72.8 (95% CI 71.9-73.8), and 71.2 (95% CI 70.2-72.2) for 3-, 5-, and 10-year OS, respectively, and 82.2 (95% CI 80.9-83.6), 80.1 (95% CI 79.0-81.2), and 75.5 (95% CI 74.3-76.8) for BCSS in overall breast cancer cases, respectively. AUC values for 3-, 5-, and 10-year OS in the ITC group were 64.8 (95% CI 56.5-73.2), 67.7 (95% CI 62.0-73.4), and 65.4 (95% CI 60.0-70.7), respectively. For those in the Mic group, AUC values for 3-, 5-, and 10-year OS were 72.9 (95% CI 70.7-75.1), 72.4 (95% CI 70.6-74.1), and 71.3 (95% CI 69.6-73.1), respectively, and AUC values for BCSS were 77.8 (95% CI 74.9-80.7), 75.7 (95% CI 73.5-77.9), and 70.3 (95% CI 68.0-72.6), respectively. In the IMLN group, AUC values for 3-, 5-, and 10-year OS were 75.2 (95% CI 71.7-78.7), 73.4 (95% CI 70.0-76.8), and 74.0 (95% CI 69.6-78.5), respectively, and AUC values for BCSS were 76.6 (95% CI 73.0-80.3), 74.1 (95% CI 70.5-77.7), and 74.7 (95% CI 69.8-79.5), respectively. The ROC, calibration, and DCA curves verified that the nomogram had better predictability and benefits. CONCLUSION: This study is the first to investigate the predictive value of different axillary lymph node statuses and internal mammary lymph node metastases in breast cancer, providing clinicians with additional aid in treatment decisions.

Mechanism and treatment of diarrhea associated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors.

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have become first-line drugs for cancer treatment. However, their clinical use is seriously hindered since many patients experience diarrhea after receiving TKIs. The mechanisms of TKI-associated diarrhea remain unclear. Most existing therapies are symptomatic treatments based on experience and their effects are unsatisfactory. Therefore, clarification of the mechanisms underlying diarrhea is critical to develop effective anti-diarrhea drugs. This article summarizes several potential mechanisms of TKI-associated diarrhea and reviews current treatment progress.

Remodeling of the ribosomal quality control and integrated stress response by viral ubiquitin deconjugases.

The strategies adopted by viruses to reprogram the translation and protein quality control machinery and promote infection are poorly understood. Here, we report that the viral ubiquitin deconjugase (vDUB)-encoded in the large tegument protein of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV BPLF1)-regulates the ribosomal quality control (RQC) and integrated stress responses (ISR). The vDUB participates in protein complexes that include the RQC ubiquitin ligases ZNF598 and LTN1. Upon ribosomal stalling, the vDUB counteracts the ubiquitination of the 40 S particle and inhibits the degradation of translation-stalled polypeptides by the proteasome. Impairment of the RQC correlates with the readthrough of stall-inducing mRNAs and with activation of a GCN2-dependent ISR that redirects translation towards upstream open reading frames (uORFs)- and internal ribosome entry sites (IRES)-containing transcripts. Physiological levels of active BPLF1 promote the translation of the EBV Nuclear Antigen (EBNA)1 mRNA in productively infected cells and enhance the release of progeny virus, pointing to a pivotal role of the vDUB in the translation reprogramming that enables efficient virus production.

Histone demethylase KDM2A: Biological functions and clinical values (Review).

Histone lysine demethylation modification is a critical epigenetic modification. Lysine demethylase 2A (KDM2A), a Jumonji C domain-containing demethylase, demethylates the dimethylated H3 lysine 36 (H3K36) residue and exerts little or no activity on monomethylated and trimethylated H3K36 residues. KDM2A expression is regulated by several factors, such as microRNAs, and the phosphorylation of KDM2A also plays a vital role in its function. KDM2A mainly recognizes the unmethylated region of CpG islands and subsequently demethylates histone H3K36 residues. In addition, KDM2A recognizes and binds to phosphorylated proteins, and promotes their ubiquitination and degradation. KDM2A plays an important role in chromosome remodeling and gene transcription, and is involved in cell proliferation and differentiation, cell metabolism, heterochromosomal homeostasis and gene stability. Notably, KDM2A is crucial for tumorigenesis and progression. In the present review, the documented biological functions of KDM2A in physiological and pathological processes are comprehensively summarized.

Novel DNA sensor system for highly sensitive and quantitative retrovirus detection using virus encoded integrase as a biomarker.

In the current study we describe a novel DNA sensor system that allows the detection of single catalytic DNA integration events mediated by retrovirus encoded integrase (IN) present in viral particles. This is achieved by rolling circle amplification mediated conversion of enzymatic reactions happening within nanometer dimensions to directly detectable micrometer sized DNA products. The system utilizes the unique integration reaction of IN to generate a surface anchored nicked DNA circle that serves as a substrate for rolling circle amplification and allows for specific, quantitative and sensitive detection of purified recombinant IN or virus particles with a detection limit of less than 30 virus particles per µL of sample. Moreover, by modifying the nucleotide sequences of the utilized DNA it was possible to tailor the system to distinguish between the highly pathogenic lentivirus HIV and the gammaretrovirus murine leukemia virus present in a given sample. Infections with HIV remain a major threat to global health with more than 2 million new infections and 1 million deaths each year. The sensitive and specific detection of HIV particles based on IN activity holds promise for the development of a new type of diagnostic tools suitable for early (within hours of infection) detection of HIV, which would be valuable for prevention strategies as well as for efficient treatment.

CD176 single-chain variable antibody fragment inhibits the adhesion of cancer cells to endothelial cells and hepatocytes.

CD176 (Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen) is a tumor-associated carbohydrate epitope (glycotope) functionally involved in blood spread and liver metastasis of cancer cells by mediating the adhesion of cancer cells to endothelial cells and hepatocytes, respectively. CD176 could be a promising target for antitumor immunotherapy. We applied B lymphocytes obtained from mice immunized with CD176 antigen and constructed a phage display library. A positive clone of CD176 single-chain variable antibody fragment (scFv) was successfully screened from this library. The CD176 scFv was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified. The purified scFv can bind to the natural CD176 expressed on the surface of cancer cells. Furthermore, the CD176 scFv inhibits the adhesion of CD176(+) cancer cells to endothelial cells and hepatocytes. This CD176 scFv provides a basis for future development of recombinant CD176-specific antibodies that can be used in therapeutic application.