Azospirillum Endophyticum sp. nov., an Endophyte of Paris Polyphylla Smith var. Yunnanensis.

A Gram-negative, facultative anaerobic bacterial strain, designated YIM B02556T, was isolated from the root of Paris polyphylla Smith var. yunnanensis collected from Yunnan Province, southwest China. By using a polyphasic approach, its taxonomic position was investigated. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain YIM B02556T belonged to the genus Azospirillum and the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of strain YIM B02556T to the type strains of members of this genus ranged from 94.9 to 98.3%. Overall genome relatedness index (OGRI) analysis estimated based on average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) between YIM B02556T and other Azospirillum species type strains were <90.8% and <37.8%, lower than the limit of species circumscription. Cells of the strain were characterized as oxidase- and catalase-positive, with motility provided by flagella. The growth conditions of the strain were found to occur at 20-40 °C (optimum, 35 °C), and pH 6.0-9.5 (optimum, pH 7.5). Strain YIM B02556T can tolerate 2% NaCl concentration. Strain YIM B02556T contained Q-10 as the major ubiquinone. The major fatty acids were C18:1 ω7c and summed feature three (C16:1 ω7c and/or C16:1 ω6c). The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidylethanolamine. Based on polyphasic analysis, strain YIM B02556T could be differentiated genotypically and phenotypically from recognized species of the genus Azospirillum. Therefore, the isolate represents a novel species, for which the name Azospirillum endophyticum is proposed. The type strain is YIM B02556T (=JCM 34631T=CGMCC 1.18654T).

Neobacillus paridis sp. nov., an endophyte of Paris polyphylla Smith var. yunnanensis.

A novel endophytic strain, designated YIM B02564T, was isolated from the root of Paris polyphylla Smith var. yunnanensis obtained from Yunnan Province, southwest China. By using a polyphasic approach, cells of the strain were characterized as facultative anaerobic, Gram-positive and rod-shaped. The growth conditions of the strain were found to occur at 20-55 °C (optimum, 30 °C), pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0). Strain YIM B02564T can tolerate 2% NaCl concentration. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain YIM B02564T belonged to the genus Neobacillus and the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of strain YIM B02564T to the type strains of members of this genus ranged from 95.6 to 97.8%. The DNA G+C content of strain YIM B02564T calculated from the whole genome sequence was 41.6 mol%. Values of the ANI and the dDDH between strain YIM B02564T and its closely related Neobacillus species were below 77.9% and 21.5%. Strain YIM B02564T contained MK-7 as the major menaquinone, iso-C15:0 and anteiso-C15:0 as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified aminophospholipid and four unidentified lipids. It contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. On the basis of polyphasic analysis, strain YIM B02564T could be differentiated genotypically and phenotypically from recognized species of the genus Neobacillus. The isolate therefore represents a novel species, for which the name Neobacillus paridis is proposed. The type strain is YIM B02564T (= JCM 34668T = CGMCC 1.18655T).

Janibacter endophyticus sp. nov., an Endophytic Actinobacterium Isolated from the Root of Paris polyphylla Smith var. Yunnanensis.

A novel endophytic actinobacterium, designated as strain YIM B02568T, was isolated from the root of Paris polyphylla Smith var. Yunnanensis obtained from Yunnan Province, southwest China. Strain YIM B02568T was characterized using a polyphasic approach. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that this isolate belonged to the genus Janibacter. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of strain YIM B02568T to the type strains of members of this genus ranged from 95.8 to 98.6%. However, overall genome relatedness indices were significantly lower than the widely accepted species-defined threshold. The cell wall of strain YIM B02568T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. The major menaquinone was MK-8(H4). The main polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidylinositol. The major cellular fatty acids were comprised of iso-C16:0 and C18:1 ω9c. The DNA G + C content was 71.6 mol%. Based on the data from the polyphasic studies, we propose that strain YIM B02568T represents a novel species within the genus Janibacter, Janibacter endophyticus sp. nov. The type strain is YIM B02568T (= JCM 34639T = CGMCC 1.18658T).