Correction to "Diterpenoid Tanshinones Can Inhibit Lung Cancer Progression by Improving the Tumor Microenvironment and Downregulation of NF-κB Expression".

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c09667.].

Diterpenoid Tanshinones Can Inhibit Lung Cancer Progression by Improving the Tumor Microenvironment and Downregulation of NF-κB Expression.

Diterpenoid tanshinones (DTs) are a bioactive fraction extracted from Salvia miltiorrhiza. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis revealed the presence of four compounds, namely, tanshinone IIA, tanshinone I, cryptotanshinone, and dihydrotanshinone. In this study, we aimed to propose a possible mechanism for the anti-lung cancer effect of DT. To do so, we utilized a lung cancer nude mice model and a lung cancer cell line (PC9) to investigate the effect of DT on lung cancer. We employed immunohistochemistry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, hematoxylin and eosin staining, and immunofluorescence to analyze the pharmacological role of DT in the inhibition of lung cancer growth. The results showed that DT inhibited tumor growth, induced apoptosis in the nude mice model, and reduced inflammatory cell infiltration. Additionally, DT inhibited PC9 lung cancer cells, growth, proliferation, and migration. The mechanism of action of DT involves not only directly inhibiting cell proliferation and migration but also improving the tumor microenvironment. DT significantly increased the expression of important intestinal gap junction proteins, such as zonula occludens 1 (ZO-1) and occludin I. This upregulation contributes to the reinforcement of the intestinal mucosal barrier, thereby reducing the paracellular transport of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) through the intestine. Consequently, the decreased LPS levels lead to the inhibition of NF-κB expression and downregulation of macrophage polarization, as indicated by the decreased expression of CD68. In conclusion, this study has confirmed that DT has anti-lung cancer properties by improving the inflammatory tumor microenvironment via regulating macrophage polarization and inhibiting LPS-associated immune response. These results provide new insights into the mechanism of DT action against lung cancer.

Effects of rocuronium and vecuronium on initial rundown of endplate potentials in the isolated phrenic nerve diaphragm preparation of rats.

Rocuronium and vecuronium, two non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockers, have been widely used in surgery procedures. However, their electrophysiological properties need to be more widely explored. We examined the effects of rocuronium and vecuronium on initial rundown of endplate potential amplitudes in the non-uniform stretched muscle preparation of the rat isolated phrenic nerve diaphragm. More specifically, the endplate potentials were recorded with one microelectrode from a single endplate. The effects of rocuronium or vecuronium each at 4 concentrations (0.5 ×, l ×, 2 ×, 4 × EC95; EC95 = concentration of the drug required to produce the inhibitory effect by 95%) on the amplitude of endplate potentials and its rundown were observed. Treatment of the isolated rat phrenic nerve-diaphragm preparation with rocuronium (2.5-20 µg/ml) or vecuronium (0.5-4 µg/ml) decreased the amplitude of endplate potentials and inhibited its rundown in a concentration-dependent manner. At the concentration (2.5 µg/ml for rocuronium and 0.5 µg/ml for vecuronium) that did not alter the endplate potential amplitude, the onset of reduced endplate potential rundown was 3 and 5 min after administration of rocuronium or vecuronium, respectively. The results suggest that rocuronium and vecuronium block the neuromuscular junction presynaptically and that rocuronium does it faster than vecuronium.

[Real-time intraoperative monitoring of recurrent laryngeal nerve in thyroid surgery under general anesthesia].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical significance and application value of the real-time intraoperative monitoring (RTIM) technique in preventing recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) from injury during operation. METHODS: The RTIM of RLNs by nerve integrity monitor were used in 40 cases who underwent thyroid surgery under general anesthesia from Nov. 2002 to May 2005. The endotracheal intubation with laryngeal electrode sited on the tube nerve integrity monitor were adopted for general anesthesia. The RLNs in 7 cases who underwent thyroid gland lobectomy were exposed and explored and not exposed in other operations. RESULTS: The function of RLNs in 39 cases remained well after-operation. Only 1 patient's left RLN was damaged during operation. The spontaneous non-in-phase CMAP (compound muscle action potential) of larynx muscle in both vocal cords were recorded in all 40 cases who underwent thyroid surgery under general anesthesia. The evoked in-phase CMAP of larynx muscle could be recorded while stimulating the exposed and explored RLNs by monopolar electrode. The minimal stimulus current intensity threshold ranged from 0.08 mA to 0.35 mA (average: 0.25 mA). The range of suitable stimulating current intensity was from 0. 2 mA to 1.0 mA. CONCLUSIONS: This technology had been proved to be more sensitive, voracious and stable. It can provide fore part precaution so that remarkably reduce the damage rate of RLN in surgery and avoid the dispensable medical dissection. It is not necessary to anatomies RLN in surgery in advance.