Glycol Monomethyl Ether-Substituted Carbazolyl Hole-Transporting Material for Stable Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells with Efficiency of 25.52.

Organic self-assembled molecules (OSAMs) based hole transporting materials play a pivotal role in achieving highly efficient and stable inverted perovskite solar cells (IPSCs). However, the reported carbazol-based OSAMs have serious drawbacks, such as poor solubility in alcohol solution, worse matched energy arrangement with perovskite, and limited molecular species, which greatly limit the device performance. To address above problems, a novel OSAM 4-(3,6-glycol monomethyl ether-9H-carbazol-9-yl) butyl]phosphonic acid (GM-4PACz) was synthesized as hole-transporting material by introducing glycol monomethyl ether (GM) side chains at carbazolyl unit. GM groups enhance the surface energy of Indium Tin Oxide (ITO)/SAM substrate to facilitate the nucleation and growth of up perovskite film, suppress cation defects, release the residual stress at SAM/perovskite interface, and evaluate energy level for matching with perovskite. Consequently, the GM-4PACz based IPSC achieves a champion PCE of 25.52%, a respectable open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 1.21 V, a high stability, possessing 93.29% and 91.75% of their initial efficiency after aging in air for 2000 h or tracking at maximum power point for 1000 h, respectively.

MOnitoring human papillomavirus Vaccine effect on Infection and cErvical diseases (MOVIE): Protocol for a cohort study using electronic health records from Yinzhou, China.

Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women, with a high disease burden worldwide. Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination reduces HPV-related infection and associated cervical lesions and cancers. Few studies have explored HPV vaccination impact in real-world settings in China. This study aims to monitor HPV vaccine uptake and its effects on HPV-related diseases, evaluating vaccine effectiveness in a real-world context and complementing clinical trial results. Electronic health records (EHRs) from 2010 to 2020 from the Yinzhou Regional Health Information Platform (YRHIP) will be queried/extracted to identify and monitor HPV vaccine uptake in females aged 9-45 years, and HPV-related screening and prevalence (i.e., cervical HPV infection, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia [CIN] grades 1-3, and cervical cancer) in a cohort of females aged 9-70 years. Cervical cancer screening guidelines and expert consultation will be used for intra-database validation, to determine the best algorithm for identifying HPV-related disease. Pre-launch (2010-2016) and post-launch (2018-2020) periods are predefined. A time trend analysis will be performed to describe the vaccination impact on disease prevalence and, if prerequisite conditions are met, vaccine effectiveness will be computed using logistic regression, adjusting for age, calendar year, history of screening and HPV infection. Cohort study design, outcomes validation, data linkage, and multi-step statistical analyses could provide valuable experience for designing other real-world studies in the future. The study outcomes can help inform policy-makers about uptake and HPV vaccination policy in girls and women in Yinzhou District, and provide insights on progress toward achieving goals set by the World Health Organization.

Post-marketing surveillance for the safety of the 9-valent human papillomavirus vaccine: a retrospective real-world study in China.

BACKGROUND: The 9-valent human papillomavirus (9vHPV) vaccine was introduced in China in 2018. This study was conducted to monitor the occurrence of new-onset autoimmune diseases (AIs) in Chinese women vaccinated with the 9vHPV vaccine and adverse pregnancy outcomes in infants born to mothers with inadvertent pregnancy exposure. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Women who received the first dose of the 9vHPV vaccine at age 16-26 years in Ningbo between January 2019 and March 2021 were monitored in the Ningbo Regional Health Information Platform. New-onset cases of seven pre-specified AIs diagnosed within six months after vaccination were collected. Cases of stillbirth and 23 major congenital anomalies diagnosed within three months of birth in target infants were collected. RESULTS: A total of 102,670 doses of the 9vHPV vaccine were administered to 41,609 women who had received no other HPV vaccine. New-onset AIs were diagnosed in 36 women, comprising 21 Hashimoto's, 11 Graves', and 4 uveitis disease cases. Among 50 women with maternal vaccination exposure, no stillbirths were observed. One case of microtia was observed. CONCLUSIONS: In this first post-marketing surveillance of the 9vHPV vaccine in China, no safety signals were identified when putting the results in context to published data.

Impact of HPV vaccination on HPV infection and cervical related disease burden in real-world settings (HPV-RWS): protocol of a prospective cohort.

BACKGROUND: Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers in women and could be prevented by human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccination. Cervarix, the first available HPV vaccine, has been widely administrated to Chinese women, while little was known about its effect on the prevention and control for HPV related diseases in China. The study aims to assess the impact of Cervarix on HPV infection and cervical related diseases in real world. METHODS: This is a prospective, multi-age birth cohort study to investigate the incidence and continuous status of HPV infection, and relevant cervical diseases by exposure status (with Cervarix vaccination history or without any HPV vaccination history). It is planned to recruit 12,118 eligible women at age of 9 to 45 years from vaccination clinics or hospital outpatient clinics, and then follow up them for three years. The standard questionnaire will be used to collect information such as demographic characteristics, menstruation and obstetrical histories, history of sexual behavior, personal behavior history, history of disease and pathogen infection, medication history, and family history at baseline. After three years, the changes of these behaviors will be investigated again, and other related health status information will be retrieved from the electronic health records during the follow-up period. If available physically and legally, the cervical cancer screening will be performed, including type-specific HPV deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing and contingent thinprep cytologic test (TCT) and colposcopy. The free cervical cancer screening will be captured and uploaded timely to the Yinzhou Regional Health Information Platform (YRHIP); therefore, the long-term outcomes of participants will be monitored. DISCUSSION: This prospective cohort study will assess the impact of HPV vaccine on HPV infection and related cervical diseases in women aged 9-45 years, which makes up for the lack of evidence in Chinese women. The results of this study will provide support for understanding the impact of HPV vaccination in China, and make a contribution to increasing HPV vaccination and cervical cancer screening coverage in China. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This study has been retrospectively registered on clinicaltrials.gov (NCT05341284) on April 22, 2022.

Sulfonylurea and Cancer Risk Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Population-Based Cohort Study.

Background: Current evidence of the association between the use of sulfonylurea and cancer risk is highly conflicting and little evidence of this association is from the mainland Chinese population. This study aimed to evaluate the potential effects of sulfonylurea use on cancer risk among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: A retrospective cohort study of T2DM patients who were new users of sulfonylurea or metformin was conducted using the Yinzhou Regional Health Care Database. A marginal structural Cox model was used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) of cancer associated with the use of sulfonylurea compared with metformin, with time-varying confounders controlled by inverse probability weighting. Secondary analyses using different glucose-lowering drugs (GLDs) as comparator and sensitivity analyses for potential bias due to latency period, model misspecification, missing data, analyses strategy (intention-to-treat and per-protocol), and diagnosis validation were performed to examine the robustness of the results. Results: After fully controlling for time-varying confounding, baseline confounding, and competing risk, the use of sulfonylurea was not associated with the risk of any cancer (HR 1.09; 95% CI, 0.93-1.27), compared with the use of metformin. In the secondary analyses, compared with α - glucosidase inhibitors, thiazolidinediones, glinides, other GLDs except sulfonylure and insulin, and T2DM patients not treated with sulfonylureas, the HRs of the association between sulfonylurea use and cancer risk were 0.92 (95% CI; 0.78-1.08), 0.89 (95% CI; 0.66-1.19), 0.85 (95% CI; 0.71-1.02), 1.04 (95% CI; 0.89-1.22), and 1.07 (95% CI; 0.99-1.16), respectively. The results of analyses for various subgroups, risk of site-specific cancers, cumulative duration, dose-response relationship, and sensitivity analyses of different latency periods and missing data were generally consistent with the findings of the primary analyses. Conclusion: No association between sulfonylurea use and cancer risk was found in this study after properly controlling biases due to time-varying confounders and other sources. Further studies on the association between sulfonylurea use and the risk of cancer by using data from a Chinese population with higher representativeness are needed.

Association of SLC22A1 rs622342 and ATM rs11212617 polymorphisms with metformin efficacy in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Metformin is the first-choice oral anti-hyperglycemic drug for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. There are controversies about the association of SLC22A1 rs622342, which was not reported in the Chinese population, and ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) rs11212617 polymorphisms with metformin efficacy in T2DM. Our study was to investigate the effects of the two single nucleotide polymorphisms on the efficacy of metformin in T2DM of Han nationality in Chaoshan China. After enrollment, 82 newly diagnosed T2DM patients went on 2-month metformin monotherapy. According to BMI before treatment, the patients were divided into a normal weight group (≥18.5 and <25 kg/m2) and an overweight group (BMI ≥ 25 and <30 kg/m2). T-test, Pearson χ2 test, and regression analysis, which adjusted for age, BMI, sex, the dose of metformin, education, tea drink, smoking, and sweet, were used to evaluate the effects of rs622342 and rs11212617 on several variables, such as fasting plasma glucose (FPG). Compared with the AA or CC genotype, patients with AC genotype of rs622342 achieved greater reduction in Δ60FPG and Δ(60-30)FPG (P = 0.00820, 0.00089, respectively). For 11212617, the reduction in Δ30FPG and Δ60FPG was significantly different among patients with the AC genotype (P = 0.00026, 0.00820, respectively). Our results indicated that common variants of SLC22A1 rs622342 and ATM rs11212617 were associated with the efficacy of metformin in T2DM of Han nationality in Chaoshan China.

Active Surveillance of Adverse Events Following Human Papillomavirus Vaccination: Feasibility Pilot Study Based on the Regional Health Care Information Platform in the City of Ningbo, China.

BACKGROUND: Comprehensive safety data for vaccines from post-licensure surveillance, especially active surveillance, could guide administrations and individuals to make reasonable decisions on vaccination. Therefore, we designed a pilot study to assess the capability of a regional health care information platform to actively monitor the safety of a newly licensed vaccine. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to conduct active surveillance of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine safety based on this information platform. METHODS: In 2017, one of China's most mature information platforms with superior data linkage was selected. A structured questionnaire and open-ended interview guidelines were developed to investigate the feasibility of active surveillance following HPV vaccination using the regional health care information platform in Ningbo. The questionnaire was sent to participants via email, and a face-to-face interview was conducted to confirm details or resolve discrepancies. RESULTS: Five databases that could be considered essential to active surveillance of vaccine safety were integrated into the platform starting in 2015. Except for residents' health records, which had a coverage rate of 87%, the data sources covered more than 95% of the records that were documented in Ningbo. All the data could be inherently linked using the national identity card. There were 19,328 women who received the HPV vaccine, and 37,988 doses were administered in 2017 and 2018. Women aged 30-40 years accounted for the largest proportion. Quadrivalent vaccination accounted for 73.1% of total vaccination, a much higher proportion than that of bivalent vaccination. Of the first doses, 60 (60/19,328, 0.31%) occurred outside Ningbo. There were no missing data for vaccination-relevant variables, such as identity card, vaccine name, vaccination doses, vaccination date, and manufacturer. ICD-10 coding could be used to identify 9,180 cases using a predefined list of the outcomes of interest, and 1.88% of these cases were missing the identity card. During the 90 days following HPV vaccination, 4 incident cases were found through the linked vaccination history and electronic medical records. The combined incident rate of rheumatoid arthritis, optic neuritis, and Henoch-Schonlein purpura was 8.84/100,000 doses of bivalent HPV, and the incidence rate of rheumatoid arthritis was 3.75/100,000 doses of quadrivalent HPV. CONCLUSIONS: This study presents an available approach to initiate an active surveillance system for adverse events following HPV vaccination, based on a regional health care information platform in China. An extended observation period or the inclusion of additional functional sites is warranted to conduct future hypothesis-generating and hypothesis-confirming studies for vaccine safety concerns.

Phytochemistry and pharmacology of the genus Leonurus: The herb to benefit the mothers and more.

Plants belonging to the genus Leonurus, also named motherwort, are traditionally used for anti-gynecological disorder in East Asia, and for sedative in Europe. Chemical investigation of the genus Leonurus not only enriched the natural products library, but also enlarged the pharmacological application of this traditional herb. In this review, we systematically summarized the structures of 259 compounds isolated from the genus Leonurus, featured with 147 labdane diterpenoids. The reported bioactivity studies up to 2017 are presented in the second part, with the main focus on the isolated compounds and also concerning the extracts. In addition to the traditional uterine contraction and sedative activity, recently the cardiovascular protection effect of leonurine has drawn most attention. Other than that, neuroprotection, anti-inflammation, anti-cancer, anti-platelet aggregation and many other activities have been assigned to various compounds from the genus Leonurus. Among 70 bioactivity references cited in this review, 57% of them were concentrated on two alkaloids (leonurine and stachydrine), whereas only 20% are about the 147 diterpenoids. Anti-inflammation is the major bioactivity discovered so far for the labdane diterpenoids from the genus Leonurus, whose further therapeutic potential still remains for exploration.

Relationships between cell cycle pathway gene polymorphisms and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma.

AIM: To investigate the associiations between the polymorphisms of cell cycle pathway genes and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS: We enrolled 1127 cases newly diagnosed with HCC from the Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University and 1200 non-tumor patients from the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University. General demographic characteristics, behavioral information, and hematological indices were collected by unified questionnaires. Genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral venous blood using Phenol-Chloroform. The genotyping was performed using the Sequenom MassARRAY iPLEX genotyping method. The association between genetic polymorphisms and risk of HCC was shown by P-value and the odd ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) using the unconditional logistic regression after adjusting for age, sex, nationality, smoking, drinking, family history of HCC, and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Moreover, stratified analysis was conducted on the basis of the status of HBV infection, smoking, and alcohol drinking. RESULTS: The HCC risk was lower in patients with the MCM4 rs2305952 CC (OR = 0.22, 95%CI: 0.08-0.63, P = 0.01) and with the CHEK1 rs515255 TC, TT, TC/TT (OR = 0.73, 95%CI: 0.56-0.96, P = 0.02; OR = 0.67, 95%CI: 0.46-0.97, P = 0.04; OR = 0.72, 95%CI: 0.56-0.92, P = 0.01, respectively). Conversely, the HCC risk was higher in patients with the KAT2B rs17006625 GG (OR = 1.64, 95%CI: 1.01-2.64, P = 0.04). In addition, the risk was markedly lower for those who were carriers of MCM4 rs2305952 CC and were also HBsAg-positive and non-drinking and non-smoking (P < 0.05, respectively) and for those who were carriers of CHEK1 rs515255 TC, TT, TC/TT and were also HBsAg-negative and non-drinking (P < 0.05, respectively). Moreover, the risk was higher for those who were carriers of KAT2B rs17006625 GG and were also HBsAg-negative (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Of 12 cell cycle pathway genes, MCM4, CHEK1 and KAT2B polymorphisms may be associated with the risk of HCC.

[Relationship between brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity and glycemic control of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Beijing community population].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the correlation between glycemic control of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients and brachial-ankle pulse velocity (baPWV). METHODS: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Beijing, China. Every subject underwent physical examinations, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), blood lipid and baPWV measurements and completed a standardized questionnaire. T2DM patients were divided into well controlled and poorly controlled groups according to HbA1c levels. The correlation between glycemic control of T2DM patients and baPWV was analyzed. RESULTS: In this study, 1 341 subjects were recruited, including 733 T2DM patients and 608 non-diabetes subjects. Compared with non-diabetes subjects, abnormal baPWV (baPWV≥1 700 cm/s) rate for T2DM patients was higher (40.8% vs. 26.8%, P<0.001). With HbA1c<6.5% or <7.0% as the aim of glycemic control in T2DM patients, the abnormal baPWV rates for non-diabetes subjects, well controlled and poorly controlled T2DM patients were significantly different (non-diabetes vs. HbA1c<6.5% T2DM vs. HbA1c≥6.5% T2DM: 26.8% vs. 32.8% vs. 42.6%, P<0.001; non-diabetes vs. HbA1c<7.0% T2DM vs. HbA1c≥7.0% T2DM: 26.8% vs. 36.1% vs. 43.4%, P<0.001). After being adjusted for gender, age, smoking status, diabetes mellitus family history, T2DM duration, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), waist hip ratio (WHR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), total triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), the Logistic regression models suggested that glycemic control status of T2DM patients was associated with abnormal baPWV. Compared with non-diabetes subjects, the ORs for abnormal baPWV in HbA1c<6.5% T2DM patients and HbA1c≥6.5% T2DM patients were 0.927(95%CI 0.560-1.537) and 1.826 (95%CI 1.287-2.591). Compared with non-diabetes subjects, the ORs for abnormal baPWV in HbA1c<7.0% T2DM patients and HbA1c≥7.0% T2DM patients were 1.210 (95%CI 0.808-1.811) and 1.898 (95%CI 1.313-2.745). CONCLUSION: The glycemic control status of T2DM patients from communities is significantly associated with baPWV. Poor glycemic control is a risk factor for abnormal baPWV. Keeping HbA1c under control might lower the risk of cardiovascular diseases in T2DM patients.

Interaction of type 2 diabetes mellitus with chromosome 9p21 rs10757274 polymorphism on the risk of myocardial infarction: a case-control study in Chinese population.

BACKGROUND: Myocardial infarction (MI) is a serious complication of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD). Previous studies have identified genetic variants on chromosome 9p21 and 6p24 that are associated with CAD, but further studies need to be conducted to investigate whether these genetic variants are associated with the pathogenesis of MI. We therefore performed this study to assess the association between the risk of MI and SNP rs10757274 on chromosome 9p21 and SNP rs6903956 on chromosome 6p24, and to explore the gene-environment interactions in a Chinese population. METHODS: A hospital-based case-control study, consisting of 502 MI patients and 308 controls, was conducted in a Chinese population. Demographic, behavioral information and clinical characteristics were collected, and genotyping of the two SNPs was performed using single base primer extension genotyping technology. The unconditional logistic regression (ULR) method was adopted to assess the association of the two SNPs with MI risk. Both generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR) and ULR methods were applied to explore the effect of gene-environment interactions on the risk of MI. RESULTS: After adjusting for covariates, it was observed that SNP rs10757274 on chromosome 9p21 was significantly associated with MI. Compared with subjects carrying the AA genotype, subjects carrying the GA or GG genotypes had a higher MI risk (ORa = 1.52, 95% CI:1.06-2.19, pa = 0.0227; ORa = 2.40, 95% CI:1.51-3.81, pa = 0.0002, respectively). Furthermore, a two-factor gene-environment interaction model of CDKN2A/B (rs10757274) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was identified to be the best model by GMDR (p = 0.0107), with a maximum prediction accuracy of 59.18%, and a maximum Cross-validation Consistency of 10/10. By using the ULR method, additive interaction analysis found that the combined effect resulted in T2DM-positive subjects with genotype GG/GA having an MI risk 4.38 times that of T2DM-negative subjects with genotype AA (ORadd = 4.38, 95% CI:2.56-7.47, padd < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: These results show that gene polymorphism of CDKN2A/B (rs10757274) is associated with MI risk in a Chinese population. Furthermore, T2DM is likely to have an interaction with CDKN2A/B (rs10757274) that contributes to the risk of MI.