Perthes-Like Disease Masquerading Non-Classical MPS

Abstract Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are inborn errors of metabolism caused by deficient lysosomal enzymes, leading to organomegaly, hip osteonecrosis, coarse facial features, bone deformities, joint stiffness, cardiac and pulmonary symptoms (MPS VI) or hypermobility (MPS IVA). Some patients may present with non-classical forms of the disease in which osteoarticular abnormalities are the initial symptoms of non-classical forms. As orthopedists and surgeons are the specialists most frequently consulted before the diagnosis, it is critical that MPS may be considered as a differential diagnosis for patients with bone dysplasia. Experts in Latin America reviewed medical records focusing on disease onset, first symptoms and the follow-up clinical and surgical outcomes of non-classical MPS VI and IVA patients. All patients displayed orthopedic issues, which worsened over time, followed by cardiac and ophthalmological abnormalities. Our findings enlighten the necessity of including non-classical MPS as possible diagnosis for patients who report osteoarticular abnormalities in absence of inflammation.

Sanfilippo Syndrome: The Tale of a Challenging Diagnosis

Abstract Sanfilippo syndrome or mucopolysaccharidosis III (MPS III), includes a group of four autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorders caused by deficient activity of enzymes involved in the catabolism of heparan sulfate. The four types of MPS III are recognized in accordance with the deficient enzyme, resulting in the accumulation of heparan sulfate with particularly deleterious effects in the central nervous system. The incidence of MPS III remains to be established in Latin American countries. We describe the journey of a patient with MPS IIIB whom, even in the presence of speech delay and deterioration, behavioral problems and motor incoordination, showed unaltered urinary glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) levels. An investigation for MPS was undertaken and enzyme analysis indicated a deficiency of alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase, leading to the diagnosis of MPS IIIB. With the correct diagnosis, the patient's symptoms could be properly managed, and the parents received appropriate genetic counseling. The present case report reinforces the need of investigating MPS III in patients with language delay and/or regression, neurological impairment and behavioral alterations, even when urinary GAGs are within normal range. A definitive diagnosis ends the diagnostic journey and enables the medical team and family to provide a better care for the child.

Mutations in the translocon-associated protein complex subunit SSR3 cause a novel congenital disorder of glycosylation.

The translocon-associated protein (TRAP) complex facilitates the translocation of proteins across the endoplasmic reticulum membrane and associates with the oligosaccharyl transferase (OST) complex to maintain proper glycosylation of nascent polypeptides. Pathogenic variants in either complex cause a group of rare genetic disorders termed, congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG). We report an individual who presented with severe intellectual and developmental disabilities and sensorineural deafness with an unsolved type I CDG, and sought to identify the underlying genetic basis. Exome sequencing identified a novel homozygous variant c.278_281delAGGA [p.Glu93Valfs*7] in the signal sequence receptor 3 (SSR3) subunit of the TRAP complex. Biochemical studies in patient fibroblasts showed the variant destabilized the TRAP complex with a complete loss of SSR3 protein and partial loss of SSR1 and SSR4. Importantly, all subunit levels were corrected by expression of wild-type SSR3. Abnormal glycosylation status in fibroblasts was confirmed using two markers proteins, GP130 and ICAM1. Our findings confirm mutations in SSR3 cause a novel CDG. A novel frameshift variant in the translocon associated protein, SSR3, disrupts the stability of the TRAP complex and causes a novel Congenital Disorder of Glycosylation.

Diagnosis and Management of Classica Homocystinuria in Brazil: A Summary of 72 Late-Diagnosed Patients

Abstract This study described a broad clinical characterization of classical homocystinuria (HCU) in Brazil. This was a cross-sectional, observational study including clinical and biochemical data from 72 patients (60 families) from Brazil (South, n = 13; Southeast, n = 37; Northeast, n = 8; North, n = 1; and Midwest, n = 1). Parental consanguinity was reported in 42% of families. Ocular manifestations were the earliest detected symptom (53% of cases), the main reason for diagnostic suspicion (63% of cases), and the most prevalent manifestation at diagnosis (67% of cases). Pyridoxine responsiveness was observed in 14% of patients. Only 22% of nonresponsive patients on treatment had total homocysteine levels <100 mmol/L. Most commonly used treatment strategies were pyridoxine (93% of patients), folic acid (90%), betaine (74%), vitamin B12 (27%), and low-methionine diet + metabolic formula (17%). Most patients diagnosed with HCU in Brazil are late diagnosed, express a severe phenotype, and poor metabolic control. Milder forms of HCU are likely underrepresented due to underdiagnosis.

Musculoskeletal Disease in MDA5-Related Type I Interferonopathy: A Mendelian Mimic of Jaccoud's Arthropathy.

OBJECTIVE: To define the molecular basis of a multisystem phenotype with progressive musculoskeletal disease of the hands and feet, including camptodactyly, subluxation, and tendon rupture, reminiscent of Jaccoud's arthropathy. METHODS: We identified 2 families segregating an autosomal-dominant phenotype encompassing musculoskeletal disease and variable additional features, including psoriasis, dental abnormalities, cardiac valve involvement, glaucoma, and basal ganglia calcification. We measured the expression of interferon (IFN)-stimulated genes in the peripheral blood and skin, and undertook targeted Sanger sequencing of the IFIH1 gene encoding the cytosolic double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) sensor melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA-5). We also assessed the functional consequences of IFIH1 gene variants using an in vitro IFNß reporter assay in HEK 293T cells. RESULTS: We recorded an up-regulation of type I IFN-induced gene transcripts in all 5 patients tested and identified a heterozygous gain-of-function mutation in IFIH1 in each family, resulting in different substitutions of the threonine residue at position 331 of MDA-5. Both of these variants were associated with increased IFNß expression in the absence of exogenous dsRNA ligand, consistent with constitutive activation of MDA-5. CONCLUSION: These cases highlight the significant musculoskeletal involvement that can be associated with mutations in MDA-5, and emphasize the value of testing for up-regulation of IFN signaling as a marker of the underlying molecular lesion. Our data indicate that both Singleton-Merten syndrome and neuroinflammation described in the context of MDA-5 gain-of-function constitute part of the same type I interferonopathy disease spectrum, and provide possible novel insight into the pathology of Jaccoud's arthropathy.

Oral pharmacological chaperone migalastat compared with enzyme replacement therapy in Fabry disease: 18-month results from the randomised phase III ATTRACT study.

BACKGROUND: Fabry disease is an X-linked lysosomal storage disorder caused by GLA mutations, resulting in α-galactosidase (α-Gal) deficiency and accumulation of lysosomal substrates. Migalastat, an oral pharmacological chaperone being developed as an alternative to intravenous enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), stabilises specific mutant (amenable) forms of α-Gal to facilitate normal lysosomal trafficking. METHODS: The main objective of the 18-month, randomised, active-controlled ATTRACT study was to assess the effects of migalastat on renal function in patients with Fabry disease previously treated with ERT. Effects on heart, disease substrate, patient-reported outcomes (PROs) and safety were also assessed. RESULTS: Fifty-seven adults (56% female) receiving ERT (88% had multiorgan disease) were randomised (1.5:1), based on a preliminary cell-based assay of responsiveness to migalastat, to receive 18 months open-label migalastat or remain on ERT. Four patients had non-amenable mutant forms of α-Gal based on the validated cell-based assay conducted after treatment initiation and were excluded from primary efficacy analyses only. Migalastat and ERT had similar effects on renal function. Left ventricular mass index decreased significantly with migalastat treatment (-6.6 g/m2 (-11.0 to -2.2)); there was no significant change with ERT. Predefined renal, cardiac or cerebrovascular events occurred in 29% and 44% of patients in the migalastat and ERT groups, respectively. Plasma globotriaosylsphingosine remained low and stable following the switch from ERT to migalastat. PROs were comparable between groups. Migalastat was generally safe and well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS: Migalastat offers promise as a first-in-class oral monotherapy alternative treatment to intravenous ERT for patients with Fabry disease and amenable mutations. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT00925301; Pre-results.

Mutations in SNORD118 cause the cerebral microangiopathy leukoencephalopathy with calcifications and cysts.

Although ribosomes are ubiquitous and essential for life, recent data indicate that monogenic causes of ribosomal dysfunction can confer a remarkable degree of specificity in terms of human disease phenotype. Box C/D small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) are evolutionarily conserved non-protein-coding RNAs involved in ribosome biogenesis. Here we show that biallelic mutations in the gene SNORD118, encoding the box C/D snoRNA U8, cause the cerebral microangiopathy leukoencephalopathy with calcifications and cysts (LCC), presenting at any age from early childhood to late adulthood. These mutations affect U8 expression, processing and protein binding and thus implicate U8 as essential in cerebral vascular homeostasis.

Treatment of Fabry's Disease with the Pharmacologic Chaperone Migalastat.

BACKGROUND: Fabry's disease, an X-linked disorder of lysosomal α-galactosidase deficiency, leads to substrate accumulation in multiple organs. Migalastat, an oral pharmacologic chaperone, stabilizes specific mutant forms of α-galactosidase, increasing enzyme trafficking to lysosomes. METHODS: The initial assay of mutant α-galactosidase forms that we used to categorize 67 patients with Fabry's disease for randomization to 6 months of double-blind migalastat or placebo (stage 1), followed by open-label migalastat from 6 to 12 months (stage 2) plus an additional year, had certain limitations. Before unblinding, a new, validated assay showed that 50 of the 67 participants had mutant α-galactosidase forms suitable for targeting by migalastat. The primary end point was the percentage of patients who had a response (≥50% reduction in the number of globotriaosylceramide inclusions per kidney interstitial capillary) at 6 months. We assessed safety along with disease substrates and renal, cardiovascular, and patient-reported outcomes. RESULTS: The primary end-point analysis, involving patients with mutant α-galactosidase forms that were suitable or not suitable for migalastat therapy, did not show a significant treatment effect: 13 of 32 patients (41%) who received migalastat and 9 of 32 patients (28%) who received placebo had a response at 6 months (P=0.30). Among patients with suitable mutant α-galactosidase who received migalastat for up to 24 months, the annualized changes from baseline in the estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and measured GFR were -0.30±0.66 and -1.51±1.33 ml per minute per 1.73 m(2) of body-surface area, respectively. The left-ventricular-mass index decreased significantly from baseline (-7.7 g per square meter; 95% confidence interval [CI], -15.4 to -0.01), particularly when left ventricular hypertrophy was present (-18.6 g per square meter; 95% CI, -38.2 to 1.0). The severity of diarrhea, reflux, and indigestion decreased. CONCLUSIONS: Among all randomly assigned patients (with mutant α-galactosidase forms that were suitable or not suitable for migalastat therapy), the percentage of patients who had a response at 6 months did not differ significantly between the migalastat group and the placebo group. (Funded by Amicus Therapeutics; ClinicalTrials.gov numbers, NCT00925301 [study AT1001-011] and NCT01458119 [study AT1001-041].).

Determinants of white matter hyperintensity burden in patients with Fabry disease.

OBJECTIVE: Using a semiautomated volumetric MRI assessment method, we aimed to identify determinants of white matter hyperintensity (WMH) burden in patients with Fabry disease (FD). METHODS: Patients with confirmed FD and brain MRI available for this analysis were eligible for this protocol after written consent. Clinical characteristics were abstracted from medical records. T2 fluid-attenuated inversion recovery MRI were transferred in electronic format and analyzed for WMH volume (WMHV) using a validated, computer-assisted method. WMHV was normalized for head size (nWMHV) and natural log-transformed (lnWMHV) for univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses. Level of significance was set at p < 0.05 for all analyses. RESULTS: Of 223 patients with FD and WMHV analyzed, 132 (59%) were female. Mean age at MRI was 39.2 ± 14.9 (range 9.6-72.7) years, and 136 (61%) patients received enzyme replacement therapy prior to enrollment. Median nWMHV was 2.7 cm(3) (interquartile range 1.8-4.0). Age (ß 0.02, p = 0.008) and history of stroke (ß 1.13, p = 0.02) were independently associated with lnWMHV. However, WMH burden-as well as WMHV predictors-varied by decade of life in this cohort of patients with FD (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: In this largest-to-date cohort of patients with FD who had volumetric analysis of MRI, age and prior stroke independently predicted the burden of WMH. The 4th decade of life appears to be critical in progression of WMH burden, as novel predictors of WMHV emerged in patients aged 31-40 years. Future studies to elucidate the biology of WMH in FD and its role as potential MRI marker of disease progression are needed.

Gain-of-function mutations in IFIH1 cause a spectrum of human disease phenotypes associated with upregulated type I interferon signaling.

The type I interferon system is integral to human antiviral immunity. However, inappropriate stimulation or defective negative regulation of this system can lead to inflammatory disease. We sought to determine the molecular basis of genetically uncharacterized cases of the type I interferonopathy Aicardi-Goutières syndrome and of other undefined neurological and immunological phenotypes also demonstrating an upregulated type I interferon response. We found that heterozygous mutations in the cytosolic double-stranded RNA receptor gene IFIH1 (also called MDA5) cause a spectrum of neuroimmunological features consistently associated with an enhanced interferon state. Cellular and biochemical assays indicate that these mutations confer gain of function such that mutant IFIH1 binds RNA more avidly, leading to increased baseline and ligand-induced interferon signaling. Our results demonstrate that aberrant sensing of nucleic acids can cause immune upregulation.

Evaluation of clinical and functional abnormalities in Pompe disease: Case Report / Avaliação das anomalias clínico-funcionais na doença de Pompe: Relato de Caso

The patient was a 15 year-old girl who turned out at the Physical Therapy Clinic presenting progressiv escoliosis and angle of 50º Coob by X-Ray. She complained of back pain, headache and weakness of shoulder and pelvic girdle. Physical therapy evaluation came across features of delayed motor development and undernourishment, together with generalized muscle weakness (grade = 4) which was observed by the Kendall test. Lung vital capacity was 40.5%. Clinical Changes: studies of the enzymes with acid alpha-glucosidase assay kits used on filter paper and leukocytes showed low enzyme activity, suggesting a late form of the Pompe disease. The molecular studies proved that the patient had amutation associated with late-onset Pompe disease. Acid alpha-glucosidase enzyme assay studies performed in skin fibroblasts showed a reduction of the enzymatic activity of the acid alpha-glucosidase, confirming the previous results. On account of the results, Pompe disease induced important changes inclinical and functional, as well as metabolic changes, decreased strength and muscle action potentially, biomechanical changes in the spine and changes in respiratory capacity. Furthermore, this case of Pompe disease illustrates the importance of adequate physical therapy evaluation as it can be the starting point of investigation of serious conditions such as late onset Pompe disease

Paciente do sexo feminino com 15 anos, apresentou-se na Clínica de Fisioterapia, devido à presença de escoliose progressiva com ângulo de Coob de 50º pelo Raio-X. Apresentou queixa de dor na coluna e na cabeça, fraqueza de cintura escapular e pélvica. Na avaliação fisioterapêutica observou-se um quadro semelhante ao atraso do desenvolvimento motor e desnutrição, com fraqueza muscular generalizada(grau = 4) observada pelo teste de Kendall. Na função pulmonar a capacidade vital apresentou com 40,5%. Estudos enzimáticos com dosagem da alfa-glicosidade ácida em papel-filtro e leucócitos evidenciaram baixa atividade enzimática, sugestivo de forma tardia da doença de Pompe. No estudo molecular, comprovou-se que a paciente possuía mutação associada à forma tardia da doença; estudos enzimáticos da alfa-glicosidase ácida em fibroblastos cultivados a partir de biópsia de pele evidenciaram redução da atividade enzimática da alfa-glicosidase ácida, confirmando estudos enzimáticos prévios. Perante os resultados, a doença de Pompe apresentou alterações clínicas e funcionais importantes como alteração do metabolismo, diminuição de força e do potencial de ação da musculatura, alterações biomecânicas na coluna e na capacidade respiratória. Adicionalmente, o caso ilustra a importância da avaliação fisioterapêutica adequada, pois ele pode ser o ponto de partida da investigação de doenças graves como o presente caso

Quality of life in patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A / Análise da qualidade de vida de pacientes com a doença de Charcot-Marie-Tooth tipo 1A

We assessed the functional impairment in Charcot-Marie-Tooth resulting from 17p11.2-p12 duplication (CMT1A) patients using the Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36), which is a quality of life questionnaire. Twenty-five patients of both genders aged ≥10 years with a positive molecular diagnosis of CMT1A were selected. Age- and gender-matched Control Group (without family history of neuropathy), and the sociodemographic and professional conditions similar to the patients' group were selected to compare the SF-36 results between them. The results showed that the majority quality of life impairments in CMT1A patients occurred in the social and emotional domains. Functional capacity also tended to be significantly affected; other indicators of physical impairment were preserved. In conclusion, social and emotional aspects are mostly neglected in the assistance provided to CMT1A Brazilian patients, and they should be better understood in order to offer global health assistance with adequate quality of life as a result.

Avaliou-se o comprometimento funcional de pacientes com Charcot-Marie-Tooth provenientes da duplicação 17p11.2-p12 (CMT1A), utilizando o SF-36, que é um questionário para medir a qualidade de vida. Vinte e cinco pacientes de ambos os sexos com idades ≥10 anos e diagnóstico molecular de CMT1A foram selecionados. Idade, sexo, condições sociodemográficas e profissionais foram pareados com o Grupo Controle (sem histórico familiar de neuropatia). Os resultados mostraram que o maior impacto da CMT1A na qualidade de vida ocorreu nos domínios social e emocional dos pacientes avaliados. A capacidade funcional também tende a ser significativamente afetada, enquanto outros indicadores de deficiência física foram preservados. Por fim, os aspectos sociais e emocionais dos pacientes acometidos por CMT1A costumam ser negligenciados na assistência médica prestada aos pacientes brasileiros, e devem ser melhor compreendidos a fim de oferecer uma assistência global à saúde, resultando em adequada qualidade de vida.

What lies beneath: Fabry nephropathy in a female patient with severe cerebrovascular disease.

Fabry disease is an X-linked inborn error of metabolism, which is caused by the deficiency of α-galactosidase A, leading to progressive accumulation of neutral glycosphingolipids and a-galactosyl breakdown products in most body fluids and several tissues, resulting in the clinical manifestations. The onset of Fabry disease symptoms in females is not observed as early as in males. We report a novel presentation of Fabry disease in a female patient with medical history of relapsing strokes and brain magnetic resonance angiography showing signs of microangiopathy and multiple lacunar strokes that were first diagnosed as Moyamoya disease (a chronic progressive cerebrovascular disease). The patient subsequently displayed increased levels of serum creatinine and proteinuria. Diagnosis of Fabry disease was made by a renal biopsy and was confirmed by molecular studies showing a missense mutation: c1066C > T (het) [R356W]. The diagnosis was delayed by 21 years with respect to her first symptom (stroke), probably because her initial clinical presentation was neurological and diagnosed as Moyamoya disease. Other factors that contributed to the delay of the diagnosis were the lack of acute or chronic pain (neuropathic pain) and angiokeratomas. Some similarities in the pathogenic aspects of the patient's vascular lesions lead us to speculate that this patient has Fabry disease, with a phenotype that had not yet been described. It is necessary to be aware of this possibility to avoid misdiagnosis of Fabry disease as Moyamoya disease.

Mutations in ADAR1 cause Aicardi-Goutières syndrome associated with a type I interferon signature.

Adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs) catalyze the hydrolytic deamination of adenosine to inosine in double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and thereby potentially alter the information content and structure of cellular RNAs. Notably, although the overwhelming majority of such editing events occur in transcripts derived from Alu repeat elements, the biological function of non-coding RNA editing remains uncertain. Here, we show that mutations in ADAR1 (also known as ADAR) cause the autoimmune disorder Aicardi-Goutières syndrome (AGS). As in Adar1-null mice, the human disease state is associated with upregulation of interferon-stimulated genes, indicating a possible role for ADAR1 as a suppressor of type I interferon signaling. Considering recent insights derived from the study of other AGS-related proteins, we speculate that ADAR1 may limit the cytoplasmic accumulation of the dsRNA generated from genomic repetitive elements.

Erros inatos do metabolismo confirmados no Hospital das Clínicas de Ribeirão Preto-SP no período de 2000 a 2008 / Inborn errors of metabolism in the Hospital of Clinics of Ribeirão Preto - SP from 2000 to 2008

Os Erros Inatos do Metabolismo (EIM) vêm sendo cada vez mais identificados nos últimos anos. A preocupação com o diagnóstico precoce decorre do foco na prevenção de deficiências, especialmente a mental. Este estudo descritivo teve por objetivo verificar diagnósticos confirmados e modalidades de tratamento utilizadas de janeiro de 2000 a dezembro de 2008. Método: foi realizada busca ativa de casos confirmados nos serviços que atendem esse tipo doença: neurologia (neuropediatria e doençasneuromusculares), pediatria (serviço de gastrologia e hepatologia) e genética clínica, além de levantamento no Serviço de Arquivo Médico do HCFMRP-USP. Foram confirmados 165 pacientes com EIM, com idades de um dia a 22 anos (mediana de um ano); 50 casos foram defeitos na síntese ou catabolismo de moléculas complexas, 65 no metabolismo intermediário, e 50 na produção ou utilização de energia. O tratamento foi instituído para 12 dos 50 pacientes do grupo I sendo reposição enzimática em 11 e transplante de medula óssea em um; todos do grupo II e III receberam orientação nutricional; 60 do grupo II receberam fórmula dietética industrializada; dos 50 do grupo III, 43 com mitocondriopatias receberam L-carnitina e coenzimas e aqueles com glicogenose, orientação sobre aporte de carbohidratos. A formação de novos recursos humanos, integração com a Rede EIM Brasil e linhas de pesquisa na área são prioridades para melhorar a acuidade na detecção e tratamento de erros inatos do metabolismo.

Inborn Errors of Metabolism have been increasingly identified in recent years. The early diagnosis focuses on prevention of disabilities, especially mental retardation. This descriptive study aims to verify confirmed diagnosis and treatment modalities in HCFMRP-USP cases from January of 2000 to December of 2008. A total of 165 patients with ages ranging from one day to 22 years (median one year) were detected. Fifty patients had synthesis or catabolism of complex molecules (group I), 65 intermediary metabolism (group II), and 50 had production or use of energy (group III) defects. Among the patients of group I, 11 had enzyme replacement therapy, and one bone marrow transplantation; for group II and III, inaddition to daily nutritional guidance for all of the patients, 60 from group II received industrialized diets; from group III, 43 with mitochondrial diseases received L-carnitine and coenzymes, and those with glycogenosis were focused mainly on the intake of carbohydrates. New human resources, integration with the Network EIM Brazil and lines of research in the area are priorities for improving the accuracy in the detection and treatment of inborn errors of metabolism.

Extending the phenotype of monosomy 1p36 syndrome and mapping of a critical region for obesity and hyperphagia.

Rearrangements of 1p36 are the most frequently detected abnormalities in diagnostic testing for chromosomal cryptic imbalances and include variably sized simple terminal deletions, derivative chromosomes, interstitial deletions, and complex rearrangements. These rearrangements result in the specific pattern of malformation and neurodevelopmental disabilities that characterizes monosomy 1p36 syndrome. Thus far, no individual gene within this region has been conclusively determined to be causative of any component of the phenotype. Nor is it known if the rearrangements convey phenotypes via a haploinsufficiency mechanism or through a position effect. We have used multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification to screen for deletions of 1p36 in a group of 154 hyperphagic and overweight/obese, PWS negative individuals, and in a separate group of 83 patients initially sent to investigate a variety of other conditions. The strategy allowed the identification and delineation of rearrangements in nine subjects with a wide spectrum of clinical presentations. Our work reinforces the association of monosomy 1p36 and obesity and hyperphagia, and further suggests that these features may be associated with non-classical manifestations of this disorder in addition to a submicroscopic deletion of approximately 2-3 Mb in size. Multiplex ligation probe amplification using the monosomy 1p36 syndrome-specific kit coupled to the subtelomeric kit is an effective approach to identify and delineate rearrangements at 1p36.

Widening the clinical spectrum of Pitt-Rogers-Danks/Wolf-Hirschhorn syndromes

Chromosomal rearrangements involving partial deletion of the short arm of chromosome 4 and partial duplication of the short arm of chromosome 8 have been described both in Pitt-Rogers-Danks syndrome (PRDS) and Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS), the former being considered a milder phenotype of the latter. We describe a patient with partial deletion of chromosome 4 and partial duplication of chromosome 8 documented by array-comparative genomic hybridization (Array-CGH). In addition to the typical features of PRDS, the patient exhibited some clinical signs (genital hypoplasia, radioulnar synostosis and mesomelic limb shortness) infrequently, or never previously, reported in PRDS. These findings broaden the spectrum of anomalies generally associated with these syndromes.