RESUMO
The objective of this study was to determine differential expression of TFF1, TFF2 and TFF3 genes and proteins in breast tumor subtypes. In addition, we investigated the correlation between TFF genes within tumor subgroups, and TFF genes with clinical and pathologic characteristics of the tumor. Study group included 122 patients with surgically removed breast tumors. Samples were investigated using qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. TFF1 and TFF3 genes and proteins were expressed in breast tumors, while the levels of TFF2 gene and protein expression were very low or undetectable. TFF1 was significantly more expressed in benign tumors, while TFF3 was more expressed in malignant tumors. Gene and protein expression of both TFF1 and TFF3 was greater in lymph node-negative tumors, hormone positive tumors, tumors with moderate levels of Ki67 expression, and in grade II tumors. A strong positive correlation was found between TFF1 and TFF3 genes, and the expression of both negatively correlated with Ki67 and the level of tumor histologic differentiation. Our results suggest that TFF1 and TFF3, but not TFF2, may have a role in breast tumor pathogenesis and could be used in the assessment of tumor differentiation and malignancy.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama , Fator Trefoil-1 , Fator Trefoil-2 , Fator Trefoil-3 , Biomarcadores Tumorais , Neoplasias da Mama/genética , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Mucinas , Proteínas Musculares , Peptídeos , Fator Trefoil-1/metabolismo , Fator Trefoil-2/metabolismo , Fator Trefoil-3/metabolismoAssuntos
Melanoma/patologia , Melanoma/terapia , Doenças da Unha/patologia , Doenças da Unha/cirurgia , Unhas/patologia , Unhas/cirurgia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/patologia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/cirurgia , Biomarcadores Tumorais/análise , Biópsia , Dermoscopia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Detecção Precoce de Câncer , Feminino , Humanos , Melanoma/química , Antígenos Específicos de Melanoma/análise , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doenças da Unha/metabolismo , Unhas/química , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Neoplasias Cutâneas/química , Resultado do Tratamento , Antígeno gp100 de MelanomaRESUMO
AIM: To determine average pain intensity perceived by trauma patients at hospital admission, lowest and highest pain intensity during their hospitalisation and their satisfaction with provided pain treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The research included 114 operated patients at the Clinical Department of Trauma Surgery. We used the standard Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) for a clinical measure of pain. RESULTS: The average pain intensity at hospital admission was NRS median 7 (range 4-10), the severest perceived rate of pain during hospitalisation was NRS median 5 (range 4-7). Ninety-four percent of our respondents were satisfied with provided pain treatment. Thirty-two percent of patients were not asked to assess their pain during their hospitalisation, and 40.4% of patients assessed their pain occasionally. CONCLUSION: Female patients, as well as patients admitted to the emergency department, reported higher NRS scores. Those respondents who perceived severe pain answered more often that medical staff didn't ask them to assess their pain on any occasion. Good communication between medical staff and patients, together with adequate assessment and evaluation of acute pain are of great importance in its treatment.