[Detection of PIK3CA gene mutation and its related prognosis in colorectal cancer based on next-generation sequencing].

Objectives: To investigate the mutation of PIK3CA in colorectal cancer and to analyze their clinicopathological features, and evaluate their role in clinical treatment and prognostication. Methods: A total of 128 paraffin-embbeded tissue samples of colorectal cancer from Shanxi Cancer Hospital from 2018 to 2021 were collected. DNA was extracted from the samples, and next-generation sequencing (NGS) was used to detect PIK3CA mutation. The relationship between PIK3CA mutation, their clinicopathological features, and prognosis were analyzed. Results: Among the 128 colorectal cancer samples, there were 75 males and 53 females; with aged range 32-86 years, median 61.5 years, 27 (21.09%) had PIK3CA mutations. Colorectal cancer with PIK3CA mutation was more likely to occur in male patients (P=0.007), which was related to tumor site (P=0.032), tumor size (P=0.029) and TP53 wild-type (P=0.001). The common site mutations of PIK3CA mostly occurred in tumors with tumor mutation burden≥10 Muts/Mb (P=0.031).PIK3CA mutation had no significant effect on the survival prognosis of patients, but the efficacy of anti-angiogenic therapy was poor in these patients. Conclusions: PIK3CA mutation is a common mutation in colorectal cancer and plays an important role in the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer. PIK3CA mutation may lead to resistance to anti-angiogenic drugs in colorectal cancer, but its impact on survival and prognosis to patients needs further study.

[Investigation and exploration of online medical education carried out by Oral and Maxillofacial Deformity Group of Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic].

As the national key discipline and the initiator of oral and maxillofacial deformity group, the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery persisted in teaching, designed a novel teaching form combining theoretical knowledge and online software practice according to the characteristics of our discipline and carried out "cloud training" via the National Oral Telemedicine Education Platform. Ten lecturers, 325 theoretical students and 50 practical students were investigated by questionnaire in the present study with questions focusing on the geographical distribution and composition of personnel, etc. The results showed that the online course covered a wide range of students and achieved high acceptance and satisfaction rate. The first online software operation course was conducted in an orderly manner, with timely interaction between teachers and students. The students were able to master the design process skillfully. This "cloud training" has achieved good results, but there are still a series of problems that have yet to be resolved, such as network stalls and protection of intellectual property rights. Under the new form, the exploration and analysis of the new mode of online telemedicine specialist education will provide some practical reference for the National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases to carry out online telemedicine teaching in the future.

[Summary of clinical research progression of apatinib combined with docetaxel in second-line treatment of advanced gastric cancer].

Objective: To investigate the progression-free survival (PFS) and safety of apatinib combined with docetaxel treated patients with advanced gastric cancer after failure of first-line chemotherapy. Methods: From March 2017 to May 2018, 23 patients with advanced gastric cancer who had received a failure of first-line chemotherapy (either fedocetaxel or paclitaxel) were treated with apatinib combined with docetaxel. The short-term efficacy and safety of the patients were observed. Results: The therapeutic effects of 20 patients were evaluated. Among them, 4 cases were partial response (PR), 13 patients were stable disease (SD), 3 patients were progressive disease (PD). The objective remission rate (ORR) was 20.0%, the disease control rate (DCR) was 85.0%, the median PFS (mPFS) was 4.5 months. The main adverse reactions were hypertension, vomiting and weakness. Conclusion: Apatinib combined with docetaxel applied in the second-line treatment of gastric cancer is safe and effective.

[Influence on physical development of children aged 18 months from HIV-positive mothers for prevention mother to child transmission of HIV].

Objective: To explore influence on physical development of children aged 18 months from HIV-positive mothers for prevention mother to child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) in Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region, and provide evidence for the improvement PMTCT program. Methods: This retrospective case control study was conducted in 554 HIV negative infants aged 18 months whose HIV positive mothers had received PMTCT services reported through PMTCT system database from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2017 and 1 109 healthy infants born in 2017, whose mothers were healthy, in Lingshan, Luzhai, and Hengxian counties, ranking top three counties with high HIV infection prevalence, in Guangxi. PMTCT data and physical development data such as height, weight and head circumference of children aged 18 months were collected. The physical dysplasia in the infants was defined as at least one of the three main indicators of height, weight and head circumference below the normal range. Results: The number of HIV-positive mother and their infants in the case group were 667 and 554 respectively, and the PMTCT rates were 91.15% (608/667) and 96.57% (535/554) respectively. HIV positive rate, mortality rate and mother to child transmission rate of the infants aged 18 months were 1.44% (8/554), 3.07% (17/554) and 1.91% (8/418) respectively, and the physical examination results of the infants aged 18 months showed that the physical dysplasia rate was 30.51% (169/554). Among the 1 109 infants in the control group, the physical dysplasia rate was 9.83% (109/1 109). The difference between the case group and the control group was significant (P<0.01). Conclusion: The PMTCT rates of HIV positive mother and their children were more than 90.00%, respectively. However, poor physical development rate of infants aged 18 months were more than 30.00%. The possible influence of PMTCT on physical development of the infants aged 18 months of HIV positive mother's needs to be further studied.

Comparative study on long-term survival results between minimally invasive surgery and traditional resection for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the long-term survival between minimally invasive surgery and traditional resection in the treatment of stage I esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 240 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma were divided randomly into the study group (120 cases) treated by minimally invasive surgery and the control group (120 cases) treated by traditional resection. Patients were followed-up by phone or visiting, and were observed for survival rates, complications and quality of life. RESULTS: The study group survival rates of one, three and five years are 92.6%, 88.5% and 67.6%, respectively. The control group survival rates of one, three and five years are 87.1%, 76.3% and 52.5%, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.01). The post-operative complication rate was 12.5% in the study group and 33.3% in the control group and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). Furthermore, the post-operative quality of life of patients in the study group are improved. 96.7% (116/120) are above 70 in Karnofsky score, with most surviving patients living independently, and having lighter self-reported symptoms. 81.7% (98/120) of patients in the control group are above 70 in Karnofsky score, and the Karnofsky score of post-operative quality of life between the two groups is statistically significant (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Compared with traditional resection, minimally invasive surgery is advantageous in improving both survival rates and quality of life, and is thereby worthy of clinical promotion and application.

Polyphyllin D exerts potent anti-tumour effects on Lewis cancer cells under hypoxic conditions.

Paris polyphylla has been used to treat cancer in China for many years and components of the plant, such as polyphyllin D, may have potent antiproliferative effects in vitro. To investigate the potential antitumour effects of polyphyllin D on cancer cells under hypoxia, Lewis lung cancer cells and mouse tracheal epithelial cells were cultured with or without polyphyllin D under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Proliferation and apoptosis of cells were assayed. Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to quantify the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1alpha) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA. Polyphyllin D decreased cell proliferation, increased apoptosis and inhibited expression of HIF-1alpha and VEGF mRNAs in Lewis cells. These effects were greater under hypoxic than normoxic conditions. Polyphyllin D did not show a cytotoxic effect in non-tumour cells (mouse skin fibroblasts and tracheal epithelial cells). These results suggest that polyphyllin D potentially has anticancer effects in vitro under hypoxia.

[Immunocytochemical study of monoclonal antibody 83YH2 in stomach cancer].

Using the avidin biotin complex (ABC) immunocytochemical stain, 97 cases of stomach cancer were examined for monoclonal antibody 83YH2. The positive rate was 82.47% (80/97) in stomach cancer with various types of differentiation. Some gastric epithelial cells and intestinal metaplastic cells near the cancer foci also showed weak positivity. But 83YH2 was not detected in normal human tissues. In the same stomach cancer cases, CEA test was also performed. The positive rate and distribution of CEA was almost similar to that of 83YH2, despite the fact that it was verified, by the immunoblock test, that 83YH2 was a different antigen. The results show that 83YH2 is an associated antigen of stomach cancer.