RESUMO
As an important trace element, iron plays an essential role in many biology processes like cell proliferation, metabolism, and mitochondrial function. However, the disruption of iron homeostasis tends to cells death and human diseases due to it servers as mediator to promote the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this review, first we introduced the mechanism of complex iron-mediated ROS involved in apoptosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis and pyroptosis. Next, we discussed the controversial role of excess iron and iron deficiency in tumor. Finally, we discussed the anti-cancer effects of iron on both sides, and novel iron-related strategies. This review outlined the mechanisms and regulation of iron homeostasis and iron-mediated ROS in tumors, and discussed the iron-related treatments.
RESUMO
Cancer is a complex process in which protein-coding and non-coding genes play essential roles. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), as a subclass of noncoding genes, are implicated in various cancer processes including growth, proliferation, metastasis, and angiogenesis. Due to presence in body fluids such as blood and urine, lncRNAs have become novel biomarkers in cancer detection, diagnosis, progression, and therapy response. Remarkably, increasing evidence has verified that lncRNAs play essential roles in chemoresistance by targeting different signalling pathways. Autophagy, a highly conserved process in response to environmental stresses such as starvation and hypoxia, plays a paradoxical role in inducing resistance or sensitivity to chemotherapy agents. In this regard, we reviewed chemoresistance, the role of lncRNAs in cancer, and the role of lncRNAs in chemoresistance by modulating autophagy.