Augmented Reality in Breast Surgery Education.

Introduction: Augmented reality (AR) has demonstrated a potentially wide range of benefits and educational applications in the virtual health ecosystem. The concept of real-time data acquisition, machine learning-aided processing, and visualization is a foreseen ambition to leverage AR applications in the healthcare sector. This breakthrough with immersive technologies like AR, mixed reality, virtual reality, or extended reality will hopefully initiate a new surgical era: that of the use of the so-called surgical metaverse. Methods: This paper focuses on the future use of AR in breast surgery education describing two potential applications (surgical remote telementoring and impalpable breast cancer localization using AR), along with the technical needs to make it possible. Conclusion: Surgical telementoring and impalpable tumors noninvasive localization are two examples that can have success in the future provided the improvements in both data transformation and infrastructures are capable to overcome the current challenges and limitations.

Resultados y complicaciones quirúrgicas de la aplicación de la cinta transobturadora / Outcomes and surgical complications in the application of transobturator tape

Resumen OBJETIVO Evaluar el éxito subjetivo y analizar las complicaciones de la aplicación de la cinta transobturadora en el tratamiento de pacientes con incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS Estudio de cohorte simple, retrospectivo, al que se incluyeron pacientes a quienes entre los años 2008-2016 se les colocó una cinta transobturadora. Se consideró éxito subjetivo cuando la paciente negó la pérdida de orina por interrogatorio; se registraron las complicaciones intra y posoperatorias. Se realizó estadística descriptiva (SPSS 24.0.), χ2 para variables cualitativas y t de Student para cuantitativas; para determinar los factores de riesgo se obtuvieron la razón de momios y el IC95%. RESULTADOS Se incluyeron 292 pacientes con edad promedio de 51 ± 10 años, 48.6% (n = 141) con diagnóstico de incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo, 47.2% (n = 139) con incontinencia urinaria mixta, 3.4% (n = 10) con alto riesgo de incontinencia urinaria de novo posterior a la cirugía de prolapso pélvico, 0.68% (n = 2) con incontinencia urinaria oculta. A 214 (73.2%) pacientes se les realizó cirugía concomitante por prolapso de órganos pélvicos. La tasa de curación subjetiva de incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo fue de 95%; las complicaciones transquirúrgicas fueron: lesión vesical (n = 3) y lesión uretral (n = 1) e inmediatas: retención urinaria 11.3% (n = 33). Las pacientes con falla quirúrgica eran de mayor edad y paridad que las que tuvieron éxito subjetivo (4 ± 2.4 vs 2.72 ± 1.9, p = 0.045 y 56.44 ± 11.6 vs 51.29 ± 9.8, p = 0.007, respectivamente). CONCLUSIONES En el tratamiento de la incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo la colocación de una cinta transobturadora tiene altas tasas de curación subjetiva y bajos índices de complicaciones. La edad y la paridad son factores asociados con la falla del tratamiento quirúrgico.

Abstract OBJECTIVE To evaluate the subjective success and analyze the complications of transobturator tape application in the treatment of stress urinary incontinence. MATERIAL AND METHODS Retrospective single cohort study. Patients who were placed to transobturator tape application from 2008-2016 were included. Subjective success of Stress Urinary Incontinence was defined when the patient denied urine loss by questioning, intra and postoperative complications were recorded. With the SPSS 24.0 program was done descriptive statistics, χ2 for qualitative variables and t student for quantitative. Odds Ratio and Confidence Intervals of 95% (95% CI) to determine the risk factors. RESULTS 292 patients, average age of 51 ± 10 years, 48.6% (n = 141) with a diagnosis of SUI, 47.2% (n = 139) mixed urinary incontinence, 3.4% (n = 10) with high risk of de novo urinary incontinence after pelvic prolapse surgery, 0.68% (n = 2) with occult urinary incontinence. To 214 (73.2%) concomitant surgery for pelvic organ prolapse was performed. The subjective cure rate of stress urinary incontinence was 95%, the trans-surgical complications: bladder injury (n = 3) and urethral injury (n = 1) and immediate complications: urinary retention in 11.3% (n = 33). Patients with surgical failure was increased age and parity than patients with subjective success (4 ± 2.4 vs 2.72 ± 1.9, p = 0.045 and 56.44 ± 11.6 vs 51.29 ± 9.8, p = 0.007, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Transobturator tape application placement has high subjective cure rates for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence and low complication rates.

Cáncer y embarazo, experiencia del Instituto Nacional de Perinatología / Cancer during pregnancy: experience in Perinatology National Institute

Resumen Objetivo: Describir el esquema de tratamiento indicado a pacientes con cáncer y embarazo y las repercusiones perinatales. Materiales y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo, longitudinal, observacional y descriptivo de una cohorte simple de pacientes con diagnóstico de cáncer (corroborado por estudio histopatológico) y embarazo atendidas en el Instituto Nacional de Perinatología entre los meses de enero de 2009 a diciembre de 2014. Los datos se analizaron con el programa SPSS versión 20.0 con medidas de tendencia central, frecuencias, proporciones y desviación estándar. Resultados: Se incluyeron 47 pacientes con media de edad de 28.1 ± 7.3 años, el diagnóstico de cáncer se estableció en 46 pacientes, en promedio, a las 19.4 ± 8.5 semanas y en un caso en el puerperio tardío. Los cánceres más frecuentes fueron: 28% leucemia (n = 13), 26% mama (n = 12), 17% cuello uterino (n = 8) y 15% ovario (n = 7). Durante el embarazo 55% de las pacientes recibieron quimioterapia (n = 27) y 28% tratamiento quirúrgico (n = 13). Se obtuvieron 42 nacidos vivos (91%) de que: 53% fueron a término (n = 25), 22% pretérmino tardío (n = 10), 9% pretérmino moderado (n = 4) y 6% pretérmino extremo (n = 3). Se registraron 2 nacimientos inmaduros (4%), 3 abortos espontáneos (6%) y 3 muertes maternas indirectas (6%). Conclusiones: La cirugía y la quimioterapia durante el segundo trimestre del embarazo son seguras para la madre y el feto.

Abstract Objective: To describe the management and perinatal outcomes in patients with cancer and pregnancy. Materials and method: Retrospective, longitudinal, observational and descriptive study of a simple cohort of women with a diagnosis of Cancer (corroborated by histopathological study) and pregnancy from January 2009 to December 2014. The data was analyzed with the SPSS program version 20.0 with central tendency measures, frequencies, proportions and standard deviation. Results: We included 47 patients with an average age of 28.1 ± 7.3 years, the diagnosis of cancer was made in 46 patients on average at 19.4 ± 8.5 weeks and in a case in the late puerperium. The most frequent cancers were: 28% leukemia (n = 13), 26% breast (n = 12), 17% cervical (n = 8) and 15% ovarian (n = 7). During pregnancy 55% patients received chemotherapy (n = 27) and 28% surgical treatment (n = 13). We obtained 42 live births (91%) of which: 53% were full term (n = 25), 22% late preterm (n = 10), 9% moderate preterm (n=4) and 6% extreme preterm (n = 3). There were 2 immature births (4%), 3 miscarriages (6%) and 3 indirect maternal deaths (6%). Conclusions: Surgery and chemotherapy during the second trimester of pregnancy are safe for the mother and the fetus.

[Vaginal impingement of uterine arteries (Zea technique) prior to cervical curettage in cervical ectopic pregnancy: three case report and literature review]. / Pinzamiento de arterias uterinas por vía vaginal previo a legrado cervical en embarazo ectópico cervical: reporte de tres casos y revisión bibliogrifica.

Cervical ectopic pregnancy is a rare and danger clinical presentation because it has high risk of massive bleeding. The incidence is reported in 1:2500 pregnancies and has high relation with a history of cervical dilatation and curettage and assisted reproductive techniques. Advances in ultrasound resolution and use of beta fraction of human chorionic gonadotropin allow early diagnosis and provide conservative treatment with decreased morbidity, mortality and fertility preservation. Various techniques have been reported associated with cervical curettage, to reduce bleeding at the implantation site. In this report three cases of cervical ectopic pregnancy managed with cervical curettage, prior vaginal impingement of uterine arteries (Zea Technique) at the Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes are described. The Zea technique represents an effective option in the control of obstetric hemorrhage, including patients diagnosed with cervical ectopic pregnancy in who the bleeding volume decrease after its placement. The Zea Technique is easy to apply and preserves fertility. The success of combining this technique with endocervical curettage for the management of cervical ectopic pregnancy is demonstrated. Training for performing this technique does not require highly specialized or highly complex resources since the required material is the usual every area of obstetric care.