[Influence on physical development of children aged 18 months from HIV-positive mothers for prevention mother to child transmission of HIV].

Objective: To explore influence on physical development of children aged 18 months from HIV-positive mothers for prevention mother to child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) in Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region, and provide evidence for the improvement PMTCT program. Methods: This retrospective case control study was conducted in 554 HIV negative infants aged 18 months whose HIV positive mothers had received PMTCT services reported through PMTCT system database from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2017 and 1 109 healthy infants born in 2017, whose mothers were healthy, in Lingshan, Luzhai, and Hengxian counties, ranking top three counties with high HIV infection prevalence, in Guangxi. PMTCT data and physical development data such as height, weight and head circumference of children aged 18 months were collected. The physical dysplasia in the infants was defined as at least one of the three main indicators of height, weight and head circumference below the normal range. Results: The number of HIV-positive mother and their infants in the case group were 667 and 554 respectively, and the PMTCT rates were 91.15% (608/667) and 96.57% (535/554) respectively. HIV positive rate, mortality rate and mother to child transmission rate of the infants aged 18 months were 1.44% (8/554), 3.07% (17/554) and 1.91% (8/418) respectively, and the physical examination results of the infants aged 18 months showed that the physical dysplasia rate was 30.51% (169/554). Among the 1 109 infants in the control group, the physical dysplasia rate was 9.83% (109/1 109). The difference between the case group and the control group was significant (P<0.01). Conclusion: The PMTCT rates of HIV positive mother and their children were more than 90.00%, respectively. However, poor physical development rate of infants aged 18 months were more than 30.00%. The possible influence of PMTCT on physical development of the infants aged 18 months of HIV positive mother's needs to be further studied.

Value of microsurgical varicocelectomy for severe oligo-asthenospermia patients failed in fertilization assisted by in vitro fertilization.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical effect of microsurgical varicocelectomy on severe oligo-asthenospermia patients failing in fertilization assisted by intracytoplasmic sperm injection. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From January 2013 to August 2014, forty-nine patients with severe oligo-asthenospermia and serious varicoceles were treated by microsurgical varicocelectomy after failing in fertilization assisted by intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), eleven of whom had varicoceles on the left side and thirty-eight had bilateral varicoceles. Patients were followed up for the natural pregnancy condition, changes of routine semen parameters and reproductive hormone level and the embryonic development and outcome of next IVF-ET (ICSI) cycles within 6 months. RESULTS: After surgery, 61.2% (30/49) of spouses obtained clinical pregnancy. Among whom 22.4% (11/49) were naturally pregnant, 32.65% (16/49) were conceived after second IVF-ET assistance, and 6.1% (3/49) were conceived with the third or further assistance of ICSI-ET. The overall miscarriage rate was 16.7% (5/30). All of the patients had improvement in the sperm concentration and forward motility. The sperm concentration increased from (10.53 ± 8.76) × 106/ml to (20.23 ± 11.76) × 106/ml. The ratio of forward motile sperm was increased to (30.52 ± 18.78) % from (8.75.52 ± 6.36) % (p < 0.01). The serum total testosterone (T) improved from (2.19 ± 1.03) ng/ml to (4.05 ± 0.64) ng/ml (p < 0.05). Serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) changed from (5.23 ± 1.26) mIU/ml to (3.76 ± 2.22) mIU/ml after the procedure. Luteinizing hormone (LH) changed from (4.38 ± 1.36) to (3.98 ± 1.38) mIU/ml. Estrogen (E2) changed from 40.28 ± 7.26 pg/ml to 35.24 ± 5.75 pg/ml. Prolactin (PRL) level elevated from (18.24 ± 4.28) to (17.16 ± 2.16) ng/ml (p > 0.05). The fertility rate of in vitro fertilization significantly improved to (83.36 ± 19.36) % from (72.36 ± 17.88) % (p < 0.05). The rate of 2PN ratio increased from (66.73 ± 17.93) % to (75.96 ± 20.39) %. The cleavage rate increased from (83.26 ± 32.33) % to (90.35 ± 23.66). The abnormal fertility rate were (5.36 ± 12.58) % and (7.26 ± 13.89) % before and after the procedure (p > 0.05), while the rate of high-quality embryos increased significantly from (34.36 ± 33.27) % to (55.67 ± 23.36) % (p < 0.05). The rate of transferable embryos remained without significant change (70.67 ± 30.6% before and 60.53 ± 30.27% after the procedure). The anabiosis rate of frozen embryo increased from (66.32 ± 30.69) % to (89.72 ± 29.69) %. The further blastocyst rate improved from (10.98 ± 9.7) % to (30.27 ± 15.33) % (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The microsurgical varicocelectomy effectively improved sperm parameters, the fertility rate of oocyte fertilized in vitro and the anabiosis rate and blastocyst rate of the frozen embryo for on patients with severe oligo-asthenospermic, and further increased the odds of natural pregnancy, the rate of high-quality embryos and the success rate of in vitro fertilization.

Point mutations in glycoprotein gene of vesicular stomatitis virus (New Jersey serotype) selected by resistance to neutralization by epitope-specific monoclonal antibodies.

Antigenic variants of the New Jersey serotype of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV-NJ) were isolated and cloned by selecting virus plaques resistant to neutralization by high-titered monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) directed to glycoprotein (G) epitopes V, VI, VII, or VIII. The G proteins of each neutralization-resistant virus variant also exhibited markedly reduced antigenic reactivity with each corresponding epitope-specific MAb as determined by enzyme-linked immuno-absorbent assay and by Western blot analysis. Loss of antigenic reactivity of certain mutant G proteins to a MAb other than the one used to select the mutant virus suggested close antigenic proximity, particularly for epitopes VI and VII. The virion RNAs coding for the entire G gene of the wild-type virus and 10 MAb-induced mutants were sequenced by primer DNA extension using the dideoxy method. Each mutant G gene exhibited only a single nucleotide change, leading in each case to a single amino acid substitution, as follows: Glu210----Lys for all three mutants selected by MAb14 (epitope VII); Pro268----Thr for one mutant selected by MAb12 (epitope VI); Ser277----Lys for all three mutants selected by MAb15 (epitope VIII); and Glu364----Lys for all three mutants selected by MAb11 (epitope V). These neutralizing MAb-selected mutations are clustered in the middle third of the 517-amino acid VSV-NJ G protein, presumably resulting in conformational changes that alter recognition of one or more antigenic determinants by a specific monoclonal antibody.