Cytotoxic Effect of the Essential oils from Erigeron Canadensis L. on Human Cervical Cancer HeLa Cells in Vitro.

Erigeron Canadensis L. (E. canadensis) is a widely distributed invasive weed species in China. Potentially anti-cancer qualities may exist in its essential oils (EOs). The purpose of this study was to analyze the components of the EOs of E. canadensis and their effects on the normal liver cell lines L02 and the human cervical cancer cell lines HeLa. The EOs from the upper region of E. canadensis were prepared, its components were identified by GC/MS. Cell viability, cell morphology observation, AO/EB dual fluorescence staining assay, flow cytometry, mitochondrial membrane potential, western blot, caspase inhibitor test, and oxidative stress tests were used to investigate the impact of the EOs on HeLa cells. Network pharmacological analysis was employed to study the potential mechanism of the EOs in the treatment of cervical cancer. According to the findings, the EOs had 21 chemical components, of which limonene made up 65.68 %. After being exposed to the EOs, the cell viability of HeLa and L02 dramatically declined. The inhibition of EOs was more effective than that of limonene when used in an amount equivalent to that in the EOs. L02 cells were less susceptible to the cytotoxicity of EOs than HeLa cells were. Furthermore, EOs altered the cell cycle in HeLa cells and caused oxidative stress and apoptosis. Compared with the control group, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels increased in HeLa cells at first and then decreased, total superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities in HeLa cells significantly decreased. G1 phase cells decreased whereas G2/M phase cells increased. The rate of apoptosis rose. Reduced mitochondrial membrane potential and Caspase-3, -9, and -12 protein expression were both observed. Nerolidol, dextroparaffinone, and α-pinene were shown to be the primary components for the suppression of HeLa cells, according to the results of the prediction of pharmacologic targets. In conclusion, findings of this study indicated the EOs may have the potential to curb the growth of cervical cancer cells. Further research is needed to explore the in vivo effect of EOs.

[Essential Oil of Chenopodium ambrosioides Induced Caspase-Dependent Apoptosis in SMMC-7721 Cells].

Objective: To investigate the inhibition of cell proliferation by essential oil of Chenopodium ambrosioides on the human liver cancer SMMC-7721 cells and human liver LO2 cells,and to study the mechanism of anti-tumor in vitro. Methods: The inhibition of cell proliferation by essential oil of Chenopodium ambrosioides was determined by MTT assay; the distribution of cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry( FCM) with PI staining; cell morphology and apoptosis effect of SMMC-7721 cells were observed by microscope; the apoptotic rate was quantified by FCM with Annexin V / PI double staining. Results: Essential oil of Chenopodium ambrosioides could significantly inhibit the cell proliferation in a concentration-time-dependent manner( P < 0. 05),and the IC50 values on SMMC-7721 cells were lower than human liver LO2 cells at 24,48 and 72 h,respectively( P < 0. 05); cell cycle of SMMC-7721 cells was arrested in G0/G1phase; morphological observation revealed that the cells were wrinkled and the cellular cohesiveness of cells was reduced; nuclear was condensed and in orange colour,of which were the late apoptotic features; and the apoptotic rate increased in a concentration-dependent manner( P < 0. 05),non-viable apoptotic rate was obviously decreased with caspase inhibitor in 100 µg / m L essential oil of Chenopodium ambrosioides( P < 0. 01). Conclusion: Essential oil of Chenopodium ambrosioides can inhibit SMMC-7721 cell proliferation, which may be related to inducing cell cycle arrest and caspase-dependent apoptosis.

[Isolation, Identification and Characteristic Analysis of an Oil-producing Chlorella sp. Tolerant to High-strength Anaerobic Digestion Effluent].

A Chlorella strain tolerant to high-strength anaerobic digestion effluent was isolated from the anaerobic digestion effluent with a long-term exposure to air. The strain was identified as a Chlorella by morphological and molecular biological methods, and named Chlorella sp. BWY-1, The anaerobic digestion effluent used in this study was from a biogas plant with the raw materials of swine wastewater after solid-liquid separation. The Chlorella regularis (FACHB-729) was used as the control strain. The comparative study showed that Chlorella sp, BWY-Ihad relatively higher growth rate, biomass accumulation capacity and pollutants removal rate in BG11. and different concentrations of anaerobic digestion effluent. Chlorella sp. BWY-1 had the highest growth rate and biomass productivity (324.40 mg.L-1) in BG11, but its lipid productivity and lipid content increased with the increase of anaerobic digestion effluent concentration, In undiluted anaerobic digestion effluent, the lipid productivity and lipid content of Chlorella sp. BWY-1 were up to 44. 43% and 108. 70 mg.L-1, respectively. Those results showed that the isolated algal strain bad some potential applications in livestock wastewater treatment and bioenergy production, it could be combined with a solid-liquid separation, anaerobic fermentation and other techniques for processing livestock wastewater and producing biodiesel.

[Oxidative damage of volatile oil from Chenopodium ambrosioides on Vicia faba root tip cells].

Chenopodium ambrosioides is an invasive species, which has strong allelopathic effect on surrounding plants. In this study, the methods of soil culture and filter paper culture were adopted to simulate the eluviation and volatilization of the volatile oil from C. ambrosioides, respectively, and to investigate the allelopathy of the volatile oil on the lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activities of Vicia faba root tip cells, with the mechanisms of the induced tip cell apoptosis analyzed. At the early stage (24 h) of soil culture and filter paper culture, the superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase activities of the tip cells decreased after an initial increase with the increasing dose of the volatile oil, and the malondialdehyde content of the tip cells increased with the increasing volatile oil dose and treated time. At the midterm (48 h) and later (72 h) stages of soil culture and filter paper culture, a typical DNA ladder strip appeared, suggesting that the volatile oil from C. ambrosioides could induce the apoptosis of the tip cells, and the apoptosis was dose- and time dependent. This study showed that the volatile oil from C. ambrosioides could act on its surrounding plants via eluviation and volatilization, making the lipid peroxidation of acceptor plants aggravated and the antioxidant enzyme activities of the plants inhibited, resulting in the oxidative damage and apoptosis of the plant root tip cells, and accordingly, the inhibition of the plant growth. Under soil culture, the root tip cells of V. faba had higher antioxidant enzyme activities and lesser DNA damage, suggesting that the volatile oil from C. ambrosioides via volatilization had stronger allelopathy on the growth of surrounding plants than via eluviation.