Preliminary investigation on the causes of red tides in Qinhuangdao coastal areas in 2022.

To explore the causes of red tides in Qinhuangdao coastal water, we conducted surveys on both water quality and red tides during April to September of 2022 and analyzed the relationships between main environmental factors and red tide organisms through the factor analysis and canonical correspondence analysis. The results showed that there were eight red tides along the coast of Qinhuangdao in 2022, with a cumulative blooming area of 716.1 km2. The red tides could be divided into three kinds based on the major blooming organisms and occurrence time, Noctiluca scintillans bloom, diatom-euglena (Skeletonema costatum, Eutreptiella gymnastica, Pseudo-nitzschia spp.) bloom, and dinoflagellate (Scrippsiella trochoidea and Ceratium furca) bloom. Seasonal factor played roles mainly during July to September, while inorganic nutrients including nitrogen and phosphorus influenced the blooms mainly in April and July. The canonical correspondence analysis suggested that N. scintillans preferred low temperature, and often bloomed with high concentrations of ammonium nitrogen and dissolved inorganic phosphorus. S. costatum, E. gymnastica, and Pseudo-nitzschia spp. could tolerate broad ranges of various environmental factors, but favored high temperature and nitrogen-rich seawater. C. furca and S. trochoidea had higher survival rate and competitiveness in phosphate-poor waters. Combined the results from both analyses, we concluded that the causes for the three kinds of red tide processes in Qinhuangdao coastal areas in 2022 were different. Adequate diet algae and appropriate water temperature were important factors triggering and maintaining the N. scintillans bloom. Suitable temperature, salinity and eutrophication were the main reasons for the diatom-euglena bloom. The abundant nutrients and seawater disturbance promoted the germination of S. trochoidea cysts, while phosphorus limitation caused the blooming organism switched to C. furca and maintained the bloom hereafter.

[Change of Plasma Interleukin-17 Level in Patients with Extranodal NK/T-Cell Lymphoma and Its Clinical Significance].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical significance of interleukin-17 (IL-17) level in patients with extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma(ENKTL). METHODS: Eighty patients with nasal ENKTL who received radiotherapy, chemotherapy or radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy from January 2011 to January 2012 were enrolled in the study. Eighty healthy volunteers were selected as the controls (control group). About 5 ml of peripheral blood was collected from all patients and controls. IL-17 level was determined by ELISA. The age, sex, ECOG score, B symptoms, LDH level, lymph node involvment, Ann Arbor stage, IPI, KPI, peripheral blood lymphocyte and lymph node metastasis, number of lymphocytes and monocytes in peripheral blood were recorded. All patients were followed up for 3 year progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). RESULTS: The average IL-17 level in patients with ENKTL was 6.48 pg/ml and the average concentration of IL-17 in control group was 0.56 pg/ml (P<0.01). The level of IL-17 in patients with B-symptoms and lymph node involvement was significantly higher than that in the control group. The differences in IL-17 level were not statistically significant among patients with different age, sex, ECOG, LDH, Ann Arbor stage, IPI, KPI, lymphocyte count and monocyte cell count. The sensitivity and specificity of IL-17 were 74.5% and 73.7% respectively, and the optimal threshold was 3.49 pg/ml and AUC was 0.799 (95% CI: 0.688-0.909) (P<0.01). The PFS and OS were longer in the patients with IL-17≤3.49 pg/ml and longer in the patients without lymph node involvement and Ann Arbor I. Multivariate analysis showed that independent predictors of PFS and OS in patients with ENKTL were plasma IL-17 levels and age (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: ENKTL patients with different clinical characteristics have different levels of IL-17, the different level of IL-17 has different effects on prognosis of patients with ENKTL.

Poly[bis(mu3-benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylato-kappa(3)O(1):O(3):O(5))tris[mu2-1,3-bis(imidazol-1-ylmethyl)benzene-kappa(2)N:N']tricobalt(II)] and poly[[diaquabis(mu3-benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylato-kappa(3)O(1):O(3):O(5))tris[mu2-1,4-bis(imidazol-1-ylmethyl)benzene-kappa(2)N:N']tricobalt(II)] monohydrate].

The title cobalt(II) coordination polymers, [Co3(C9H3O6)2(C14H14N4)3]n, (I), and {[Co3(C9H3O6)2(C14H14N4)3(H2O)2] x H2O}n, (II), present very different coordination and packing properties in spite of the ligand similarity. In (I), three crystallographically distinct Co(II) cations are all four-coordinated by O2N2 donor sets in distorted tetrahedral geometries. The Co(II) centres are connected by benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate (BTC) anions and 1,3-bis(imidazol-1-ylmethyl)benzene (L(1)) ligands into a (6(4).8(2))2(8(6))(6.8(2))2 topology framework. The structure of (II) contains two kinds of crystallographically unique Co(II) cations. One Co atom lies on a symmetry centre and is six-coordinated by an O4N2 donor set, and the other Co atom is four-coordinated by an O2N2 donor set. The Co(II) centres are connected by BTC anions and 1,4-bis(imidazol-1-ylmethyl)benzene (L(2)) ligands into a (6(2).8(4))2(6(4).8(2))(6(3))2 framework.