Relation between the risk factors for the severity of denture stomatitis and quality of life of complete edentulous individuals: a cross-sectional study

Abstract Objective To assess the association between risk factors for developing denture stomatitis (DS) and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in complete denture wearers. Methodology Participants of both sexes, wearing complete dentures, were classified using the modified Newton classification for the absence or the severity of DS and allocated to groups Normal or zero, IA, IB, II, and III. Lifestyle, oral and denture history, and medication use were assessed using specific questionnaires; clinical parameters such as anatomical characteristics of support were evaluated with the Kapur classification; salivary flow (SF) was calculated by the volume of unstimulated saliva per minute; and microbial load was determined by counting colony forming units (CFU) of target microorganisms present in the biofilm collected from dentures and palate. OHIP-EDENT assessed the OHRQoL. Kendall's tau_b and Spearman tests were applied with a significance level of 5%. Results 184 patients (143 female and 41 male) aged 65.5 ± 6.8 years were evaluated. Positive correlations were found for sex (women; p=0.013, r=0.16), individuals who started to consume alcoholic beverages as a young adult (18-27 years) (p=0.008, r=0.22), CFU of Candida spp. (p<0.001, r=0.27 denture; p<0.001, r=0.31 palate); Candida albicans (p=0.004, r=0.22 denture; p=0.003, r=0.25 palate), and Candida glabrata (p=0.004, r=0.22 denture; p=0.001, r=0.27 palate). Moreover, negative correlations with DS were found for CFU of Staphylococcus spp. (p=0.004, r=-0.20 palate) and enterobacteria (p=0.002, r=-0.24 palate), as well as a negative correlation between SF (p=0.009, r=-0.193) and DS. The CFU of Staphylococcus spp. and enterobacteria on the palate significantly correlated with OHRQoL. Conclusion Being female, consuming alcoholic beverages as a young adult, CFU of Candida spp., Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, and salivary flow may be the most significant risk factors for DS. The microbial load of Staphylococcus spp. and enterobacteria seems to influence the quality of life for complete denture wearers.

Health management of malnourished elderly in primary health care: a scoping review.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study, as the first review directed at Primary Health Care, is to identify the screening practices and health outcomes related to the care provided by Family Health Teams to the malnourished elderly people/population. METHODS: Following PRISMA and PICO strategies, searches were conducted in four electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus & EMBASE) on observational, qualitative, quantitative, or mixed studies, written in Portuguese, Spanish and English language, with participants of 65 years old or older at a community setting. The literature selected for this study ranges from the period 2011 to 2021; additional articles were included through reference lists. RESULTS: From the 483 studies identified, 16 were considered eligible to use in this work. The Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) score appears as the main criteria of choice, however, a standardized practice in the health systems regarding the use of screening methods has not been demonstrated. Studies are more oriented towards the analysis of the relationship of mortality/morbidity and malnutrition than towards the relationship of the cost and quality of life and malnutrition of the elderly. DISCUSSION: Malnutrition is one of the modifiable risk factors which contributes to the vulnerable condition of the elderly, with serious effects, especially when related to other comorbidities. Yet, several authors argue that the Primary Health Care intervention can minimize the negative impacts and improve the health outcomes.

Photoelastic, microhardness and roughness analysis of zirconia and stainless steel crowns for primary molars.

PURPOSE: To compare the stress distribution through photoelasticity, microhardness and roughness of intact crowns of primary molars (CC) and the preformed crowns of stainless steel (SSC) and zirconia (ZC) used in dental restorations in pediatric dentistry. METHODS: Six healthy primary molars were selected. For the photoelastic models, the teeth were fixed in photoelastic resin. A load of 100 N was applied, and the models were analyzed by transmission polariscope. The Tardy method was used to quantify the fringe order which calculates the maximum stress (T) value in each selected point. The teeth were prepared for cementation of the crowns. The photoelastic test was repeated for each experimental crown. Knoop microhardness was assessed on the buccal surfaces of the CCs, SSCs, and ZCs using a microhardness tester. Parameters were 50 gf for 5 seconds. Roughness was evaluated using a confocal 3-D laser scanning microscope/software at 216x magnification. Roughness average (Ra) values from each model (expressed in µm) were collected and group means were calculated. The stress distribution, microhardness, and roughness data were compared by using one-way ANOVA and the Tukey's test (α= 0.05). RESULTS: There was no difference in the stress distribution for the CCs, SSCs and ZCs. For the microhardness analysis, the ZCs obtained the highest values compared to the CCs and the SSCs (P< 0.001). The CCs were significantly higher than the SSCs (P= 0.027). There was no difference in roughness for the three models (P= 0.615). The SSCs and ZCs showed satisfactory mechanical behavior. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The use of preformed crowns, especially those made of esthetic materials, is currently increasing in the field of pediatric dentistry. The knowledge of mechanical properties of stainless steel- and zirconia-prefabricated crowns provides scientific foundation for safe clinical application, especially in primary teeth.

Evaluation of tissue in repair with natural latex and / or hyaluronic acid in surgical bone defects.

This study evaluated the bone repair in surgical defects of rats treated with hyaluronic acid (HA) associated or not with Hevea brasiliensis fraction protein (F-1). Bone defect were created in 15 albino Wistar rats divided into 3 groups (n=5): Control group (1) - blood clot; HA group (2) - 0.5% hyaluronic acid; HAF1 group (3) - 0.1% F-1 protein fraction dissolved in 0.5% hyaluronic acid. After 4 weeks, the animals were euthanized and the bone repair was evaluated through histomorphometric analysis, zymography and immunohistochemistry. The neoformed bone area did not show a significant difference (p = 0.757), but there was a tendency for bone trabeculation to increase in the groups HA and HAF1. For immunohistochemically analysis, there was a difference in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) labeling (p = 0.023), being higher in the groups HA and HAF1 than the control group. No significant difference in bone sialoprotein (BSP) (p = 0.681), osteocalcin (p = 0.954), however, significant difference in platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (CD-31) (p = 0.040), with HAF1 group being significantly lower than the control. For zymographic analysis, there was no significant difference for metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) (p = 0.068), but there was a tendency to increase MMP-2 in the HA group. Despite the influence on angiogenic factors and the apparent tendency for greater trabeculation in the HA and HAF1 groups, there was no significant difference in the area of ​​newly formed bone tissue in the analyzed period.

Evaluation of misfit and stress distribution in implant-retained prosthesis obtained by different methods

Abstract This study evaluated the vertical misfit, passivity, and stress distribution after tightening the screws of different prosthesis. Two implants were used to simulate the rehabilitation of partially edentulous mandible space from the second premolar to the second molar. 40 three-element screw-retained fixed dental prosthesis with distal cantilever were fabricated and divided into four groups according to the method of production of framework (n = 10): G1 = conventional casting one-piece framework, G2 = conventional casting sectioned and laser welding, G3 = conventional casting sectioned and tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding and G4 = framework obtained by CAD/CAM (computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing) system. The vertical misfits (both screws tightened) and the passive fit (one screw tightened) were measured under a comparator optical microscope. The data was submitted to Shapiro-Wilk test to enable comparison with ANOVA followed by Tukey with Bonferroni adjust (α = .05). The qualitative analysis of the stress distribution was performed by the photoelastic method. The vertical misfit (both screws tightened) of the G2 (24 μm) and G3 (27 μm) were significantly higher than G4 (10 μm) (p = 0,006). The passive fit (for the non-tightened) of the G1(64 μm) and G3 (61 μm) were significantly higher than the G4 (32 μm) (p=0,009). G1 showed high stress between the implants in the photoelastic analysis and G4 presented lower stress. In conclusion, CAD/CAM method results in less vertical misfit, more passivity, and consequently better stress distribution to the bone.

Resumo Neste estudo foi avaliado desajuste vertical, a passividade e a distribuição de tensões após o aperto dos parafusos de diferentes próteses. Dois implantes foram usados ​​para simular a reabilitação do espaço edêntulo da mandíbula do segundo pré-molar ao segundo molar. Quarenta próteses dentárias fixas parafusadas de três elementos com cantilever distal foram confeccionadas e separadas em quatro grupos de acordo com o método de obtenção da infraestrutura (n = 10): G1 = fundição convencional estrutura monobloco, G2 = fundição convencional seccionada e soldagem a laser, G3 = fundição convencional seccionada e soldagem com gás inerte de tungstênio (TIG) e G4 = infraestrutura obtida pelo sistema CAD / CAM (computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing). Os desajustes verticais com ambos os parafusos apertados e os desajustes relativos à avaliação de passividade com um parafuso apertado foram medidos com microscópio comparador óptico. Os dados foram submetidos ao teste de Shapiro-Wilk para comparação com ANOVA seguida de ajuste de Tukey com Bonferroni (α = 0,05). A análise qualitativa da distribuição de tensões foi realizada pelo método fotoelástico. G2 (24 μm) e G3 (27 μm) apresentaram valores significativamente maiores que G4 (10 μm) (p = 0,006) de desajuste vertical (ambos os parafusos apertados). Os valores de desajustes nos G1 (64 μm) e G3 (61 μm), do lado não apertado, foram significativamente maiores que no G4 (32 μm) (p = 0,009). G1 apresentou maior tensão entre os implantes na análise fotoelástica e G4 apresentou menor tensão. O método CAD/CAM resultou em menor desajuste, maior passividade e melhor distribuição de tensões no osso.

Evaluation of tissue in repair with natural latex and / or hyaluronic acid in surgical bone defects

Abstract This study evaluated the bone repair in surgical defects of rats treated with hyaluronic acid (HA) associated or not with Hevea brasiliensis fraction protein (F-1). Bone defect were created in 15 albino Wistar rats divided into 3 groups (n=5): Control group (1) - blood clot; HA group (2) - 0.5% hyaluronic acid; HAF1 group (3) - 0.1% F-1 protein fraction dissolved in 0.5% hyaluronic acid. After 4 weeks, the animals were euthanized and the bone repair was evaluated through histomorphometric analysis, zymography and immunohistochemistry. The neoformed bone area did not show a significant difference (p = 0.757), but there was a tendency for bone trabeculation to increase in the groups HA and HAF1. For immunohistochemically analysis, there was a difference in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) labeling (p = 0.023), being higher in the groups HA and HAF1 than the control group. No significant difference in bone sialoprotein (BSP) (p = 0.681), osteocalcin (p = 0.954), however, significant difference in platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (CD-31) (p = 0.040), with HAF1 group being significantly lower than the control. For zymographic analysis, there was no significant difference for metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) (p = 0.068), but there was a tendency to increase MMP-2 in the HA group. Despite the influence on angiogenic factors and the apparent tendency for greater trabeculation in the HA and HAF1 groups, there was no significant difference in the area of ​​newly formed bone tissue in the analyzed period.

Resumo Este estudo avaliou o reparo ósseo em defeitos cirúrgicos de ratos tratados com ácido hialurônico (AH) associado ou não à fração proteica de Hevea brasiliensis (F-1). Foram criados defeitos ósseos em 15 ratos albinos Wistar divididos em 3 grupos (n = 5): Grupo controle (1) - coágulo sanguíneo; Grupo HA (2) - ácido hialurônico 0,5%; Grupo HAF1 (3) - fração proteica F-1 0,1% dissolvida em ácido hialurônico a 0,5%. Após 4 semanas, os animais foram submetidos à eutanásia e o reparo ósseo avaliado por meio de análise histomorfométrica, zimografia e imunohistoquímica. A área óssea neoformada não apresentou diferença significativa (p = 0,757), mas houve tendência de aumento da trabeculação óssea nos grupos HA e HAF1. Para a análise imunoistoquímica, houve diferença na marcação do fator de crescimento endotelial vascular (VEGF) (p = 0,023), sendo maior nos grupos HA e HAF1 do que no grupo controle. Nenhuma diferença significativa na sialoproteína óssea (BSP) (p = 0,681), osteocalcina (p = 0,954), no entanto, diferenças significativas foram encontradas para a molécula de adesão de células endoteliais plaquetárias-1 (CD-31) (p = 0,040), com o grupo HAF1 sendo significativamente inferior ao controle. Para a análise zimográfica, não houve diferença significativa para metaloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) (p = 0,068), mas houve tendência de aumento da MMP-2 no grupo HA. Apesar da influência sobre os fatores angiogênicos e da aparente tendência de maior trabeculação nos grupos HA e HAF1, não houve diferença significativa na área de tecido ósseo neoformado no período analisado.

The Impact of an Ocular Prosthesis on the Quality of Life, Perceived Stress, and Clinical Adaptation of Anophthalmic Patients: A Clinical and Longitudinal Trial.

PURPOSE: This prospective study evaluated and correlated the impact of ocular prostheses on quality of life and stress with socioeconomic level and clinical characteristics. The clinical difficulties and perceptions of patients after ocular rehabilitation were evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Anophthalmic patients (at least 18 years of age) who were not users of ocular prostheses were recruited. The Medical Outcomes Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) questionnaires were administered before and after 3 and 6 months of prosthesis installation. Clinical characteristics, difficulties, and perceptions were evaluated by quantitative and descriptive analysis (7 days, 3 months, 6 months). Data were analyzed by the Friedman test and Pearson Correlation test (α = 0.05). RESULTS: The final sample consisted of 26 patients. Quality of life showed improvement in the "Bodily Pain" and "General Health" domains. Wearing the prosthesis did not influence perceived stress. The clinical evaluation showed clinical discharge over 6 months and presence of pain only at 7 days. A weak correlation occurred between sociodemographic characteristics and the categories "Role-Physical" (r = 0.423) and "General Health" (r = 0.494); cause of anophthalmia and "Role-Physical" (r = -0.471); and type of surgery and "General Health" (r = -0.432). CONCLUSIONS: According to the results of this study, the provision of ocular prostheses showed positive influence in 2 domains of quality of life and weak correlations with socioeconomic level, type of surgery, and cause of loss. Ocular rehabilitation did not influence stress. The use and care of the prostheses did not affect tissue inflammation, but the discharge was continuous.

Action of disinfectant solutions on adaptive capacity and virulence factors of the Candida spp. biofilms formed on acrylic resin

Abstract Understanding the behavior of Candida spp. when exposed to denture disinfectants is essential to optimize their effectiveness. Changes in the virulence factors may cause increased resistance of Candida spp. to disinfectant agents. Objective To evaluate the microbial load, cellular metabolism, hydrolytic enzyme production, hyphae formation, live cell and biofilm quantification of Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis and Candida glabrata after exposure to disinfectant solutions. Methodology Simple biofilms were grown on heat-polymerized acrylic resin specimens, and divided into groups according to solutions/strains: distilled water (control); 0.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl 0.25% ); 10% Ricinus communis (RC 10%); and 0.5% Chloramine T (CT 0.5%). The virulence factors were evaluated using the CFU count (microbial load), XTT method (cell metabolism), epifluorescence microscopy (biofilm removal and live or dead cells adhered), protease and phospholipase production and hyphae formation. Data were analyzed (α=0.05) by one-way ANOVA/ Tukey post hoc test, Kruskal-Wallis test and Wilcoxon test. Results NaOCl 0.25% was the most effective solution. CT 0.5% reduced the number of CFUs more than RC 10% and the control. RC 10% was effective only against C. glabrata. RC 10% and CT 0.5% decreased the cellular metabolism of C. albicans and C. glabrata. Enzyme production was not affected. Hyphal growth in the RC 10% and CT 0.5% groups was similar to that of the control. CT 0.5% was better than RC 10% against C. albicans and C. tropicalis when measuring the total amount of biofilm and number of living cells. For C. glabrata, CT 0.5% was equal to RC 10% in the maintenance of living cells; RC 10% was superior for biofilm removal. Conclusions The CT 0.5% achieved better results than those of Ricinus communis at 10%, favoring the creation of specific products for dentures. Adjustments in the formulations of RC 10% are necessary due to efficacy against C. glabrata. The NaOCl 0.25% is the most effective and could be suitable for use as a positive control.

Aplicação de feixes de intervenção numa unidade de terapia intensiva portuguesa / Aplicación de vigas de intervención en una unidad portuguesa de cuidados intensivos / Application of intervention bundles in a portuguese intensive care unit

Objetivo identificar a associação entre a aplicação de Feixes de Intervenção e características sociodemográficas e profissionais de enfermeiros em uma unidade de terapia intensiva portuguesa. Método estudo descritivo e transversal, com amostra de 44 enfermeiros de uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Portuguesa. Na coleta de dados, aplicou-se questionário de maio a junho de 2019. Tratamento incluiu estatística descritiva e inferencial. Resultados a maioria da amostra não executava auditorias (86,4%) quanto às infeções em estudo. A pontuação do Feixe de Intervenção da Infeção do Trato Urinário e da Pneumonia Associada à Intubação diferiu significativamente entre os sexos (T de Student: p<0,047 e p<0,037), bem como entre o exercício profissional total e tempo de exercício na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva, respetivamente (T de Student: p<0,001 e p<0,026). Conclusão a aplicação dos Feixes de Intervenção associou-se às características sociodemográficas e ao tempo de exercício profissional de enfermeiros de unidade de terapia intensiva portuguesa.

Objetivo identificar la asociación entre la aplicación de Vigas de Intervención y las características sociodemográficas y los profesionales de enfermería en una unidad de cuidados intensivos portuguesa. Método estudio descriptivo y transversal, con una muestra de 44 enfermeras de una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos portuguesa. Se aplicó un cuestionario de mayo a junio de 2019 en la recolección de datos. El tratamiento incluyó estadísticas descriptivas e inferenciales. Resultados la mayoría de la muestra no realizó auditorías (86,4%) respecto a las infecciones en estudio. La puntuación del Vigas de Intervención de Infección urinaria y Neumonía Asociada a Intubación difirió significativamente entre los sexos (T de Student: p<0,047 y p<0,037), así como entre el ejercicio profesional total y el tiempo de ejercicio en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, respectivamente (T de Student: p<0,001 y p<0,026). Conclusión la aplicación de los Vigas de Intervención se asoció con características sociodemográficas y tiempo de práctica profesional de las enfermeras de una unidad de cuidados intensivos portuguesa.

Objective to identify the association between the application of Intervention Bundles and sociodemographic and professional characteristics of nurses in a Portuguese intensive care unit. Method descriptive and cross-sectional study, with a sample of 44 nurses from a Portuguese Intensive Care Unit. A questionnaire was applied from May to June 2019 in the data collection. Treatment included descriptive and inferential statistics. Results the majority of the sample did not perform audits (86.4%) regarding the infections under study. The score of the Intervention Bundle of Urinary Tract Infection and Pneumonia Associated with Intubation differed significantly between the genders (Student's T: p<0.047 and p<0.037), as well as between the total professional exercise and exercise time in the Intensive Care Unit, respectively (Student's T: p<0.001 and p<0.026). Conclusion the application of the Intervention Bundles was associated with sociodemographic characteristics and time of professional practice of nurses from a Portuguese intensive care unit.

A vivência do lazer em família / The experience of family leisure / La vivencia del recreación en la familia

A literatura menciona a importância do lazer na vida em família, ressaltando as interações significativas que promove e suas contribuições ao bem-estar da família. Buscou-se compreender a vivência do lazer a partir da perspectiva do grupo familiar, descrevendo as possíveis influências da experiência do lazer na dinâmica das mesmas. Participaram três famílias, que responderam a um questionário sociodemográfico e a uma entrevista do grupo familiar, além de terem produzido registros fotográficos de momentos de lazer. Para análise das entrevistas, incluindo os relatos acerca das fotografias, utilizou-se a Análise de Conteúdo. Verificou-se que as famílias descreveram atividades e concepções de lazer diversas e que todas mencionaram os efeitos positivos que a vivência coletiva do lazer gera às suas dinâmicas, favorecendo a convivência, o diálogo e a alegria. No entanto, as limitações de tempo, dinheiro, de acesso a opções de lazer e de conciliação das demandas de gerações diferentes foram descritos como empecilhos para a vivência familiar do lazer. Conclui-se refletindo acerca das implicações dos achados para políticas públicas de lazer e para uma educação para o lazer.

The literature mentions the importance of leisure in family life, highlighting the significant interactions it promotes and its contributions to family well-being. It sought to understand the experience of leisure from the perspective of the family group, describing the possible influences of the experience of leisure on their dynamics. Three families participated, who answered a sociodemographic questionnaire and an interview of the family group, besides having produced photographic records of leisure moments. For the analysis of the interviews, including the reports about the photographs, the Content Analysis was used. It was verified that the families described various leisure activities and conceptions and that all mentioned the positive effects that the collective experience of leisure generates to their dynamics, favoring the coexistence, the dialogue, and the joy. However, the limitations of time, money, access to leisure options, and the conciliation of the demands of different generations were described as impediments to the family experience of leisure. We conclude by reflecting on the implications of the findings for leisure public policies and leisure education.

En la literatura se menciona la importancia de la recreación en la vida familiar, destacando las importantes interacciones que promueve y sus contribuciones al bienestar de la familia. Trató de comprender la experiencia de recreación desde la perspectiva del grupo familiar, describiendo las posibles influencias de la experiencia de recreación en su dinámica. Participaron tres familias que respondieron a un cuestionario sociodemográfico y a una entrevista del grupo familiar, además de haber producido registros fotográficos de los momentos de recreación. Para el análisis de las entrevistas, incluyendo los informes sobre las fotografías, se utilizó el Análisis de Contenido. Se comprobó que las familias describían diversas actividades y concepciones de recreación y que todas mencionaban los efectos positivos que la experiencia colectiva de recreación genera a sus dinámicas, favoreciendo la convivencia, el diálogo y la alegría. Sin embargo, las limitaciones de tiempo, dinero, acceso a opciones de recreación y la conciliación de las demandas en las diferentes generaciones se describieron como impedimentos para la experiencia familiar de recreación. Concluimos reflexionando sobre las implicaciones de los hallazgos para las políticas públicas de recreación y para la educación del recreación.

Effect of cleanser solutions on the retention force of oring attachment: an in vitro study

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of cleaning solutions on the retention force of o-ring-type overdenture attachments. The effect of four solutions on nitrile rings were evaluated: Cepacol (C), Cepacol with fluoride (CF), Listerine (L) and 0.05% sodium hypochlorite (SH); deionized water (DW) was used as a control. Matrices containing two implants and abutments and acrylic specimens with the metal capsules were obtained and divided into the groups. A simulation of 90 overnight immersions (8 h) was performed, and the tensile strength value was obtained at the beginning (T0) and in every 30 days (T1, T2 and T3) (n=6). In order to analyze o-ring surface damage after the immersions, a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used (n=1). For statistical analysis of the results, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multiple comparisons with Bonferroni adjustment (test power=1.000; a=0.05) were used. There was a significant difference for the factors time (p<0.001), solution (p<0.001) and for the interaction time × solution (p<0.001). Considering the times of each solution, only for DW there was no significant loss of retention over time. Comparing the solutions in each moment, there was no difference among the solutions in T0. From T1, CF and SH provided less retention than DW (p<0.005). Through SEM it was possible to observe changes in the surface of the CF and SH nitrile o-rings. CF and SH should be avoided due to deleterious action in o-rings.

Resumo O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o efeito de soluções higienizadoras sobre a força de retenção de encaixes do tipo o-ring. Foram avaliadas quatro soluções: Cepacol (C); Cepacol com flúor (CF), Listerine (L), hipoclorito de sódio 0,05% (HS) e água deionizada (controle/AD) em o-rings de nitrilo. Matrizes contendo dois implantes e pilares e espécimes em acrílico com as cápsulas metálicas foram obtidas e divididas entre os grupos. Foi realizada a simulação de 90 imersões noturnas (8 h), sendo obtido o valor da resistência à tração no início e a cada 30 dias (T0, T1, T2 e T3) por meio da máquina de ensaios mecânicos (n=6). Microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) foi utilizada para análise de danos na superfície do o´ring após a imersão (n=1). Para análise estatística dos resultados foi utilizada análise de variância (ANOVA) e múltiplas comparações com ajuste de Bonferroni (poder do teste=1,000; a=0,05). Houve diferença significante para os fatores tempo (p<0,001), solução (p<0,001) e para interação de tempo × solução (p<0,001). Considerando-se os tempos de cada solução, apenas AD não apresentou perda significativa de retenção ao longo do tempo. Comparando as soluções em cada momento, não houve diferença entre as soluções em T0. A partir de T1, CF e HS propiciaram menor retenção quando comparados à AD (p <0,005). Através do MEV foi possível observar alterações nas superfícies dos o-rings de nitrilo imersos em CF e HS. O Cepacol com flúor e hipoclorito de sódio devem ser evitados devido à ação deletéria nos o-rings.

Prevalence and susceptibility profile of Candida spp. isolated from patients in cancer therapy.

OBJECTIVE: This study determined the prevalence of Candida spp. in the saliva of cancer patients. Furthermore, we assessed the antimicrobial activity of mouthwashes against the isolated strains and its susceptibility to amphotericin B and fluconazole. METHODS: Thirty-four cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy, chemotherapy alone or combined treatment were investigated for oral Candida spp. colonization and compared in regard to mucositis presence. The maximum inhibitory dilution was used to assess the antimicrobial activity of Periogard®, Cepacol® Cool Ice and 0.12 % Chlorhexidine Digluconate mouthwashes against the isolates. In parallel, susceptibility to amphotericin B and fluconazole was determined by agar-based E-test. Data did not adhere to normal distribution as inferred by the Shapiro-Wilk test and statistical analysis was conducted by non-parametric McNemar test (α0.05). RESULTS: Twenty-seven participants (79.4 %) were male, 19 (55.9 %) had mucositis and 9 (26.5 %) were colonized by Candida spp. 12 different strains of Candida spp. were isolated, being Candida albicans the most prevalent strain. Risk of Candida spp. colonization was increased by almost twofold among the participants with mucositis (odds ratio: 1.84; 95 % confidence interval: 0.37-9.07). Mouthwash Cepacol® Cool Ice presented better antimicrobial activity against Candida spp. while 0.12 % Chlorhexidine exhibited the worst activity. All strains were sensitive to amphotericin B, and 2 non-albicans strains were dose-dependent sensitive to fluconazole. CONCLUSION: Considering the increased risk of colonization byCandida spp. in patients with mucositis, and the emergence of antifungal drug resistance, the antiseptics use could benefit the maintenance of cancer patient's oral health.

Topical pilocarpine for xerostomia in patients with head and neck cancer treated with radiotherapy.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a pilocarpine spray as a treatment for xerostomia in patients treated with radiotherapy (RT) for head and neck cancer (HNC). METHODS: This was a placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover clinical trial of patients complaining of dry mouth after RT for HNC. Forty patients were randomly assigned to either placebo or pilocarpine (1.54%) spray and instructed to use three times a day for 3 months. After 1-month washout period, patients were crossed over to receive placebo or pilocarpine. The assessments were salivary flow (Stimulated Whole Saliva Flow - SWSF), xerostomia (Xerostomia Inventory - XI), and quality of life (QoL/Oral Health Impact Profile - OHIP-14), assessed at baseline, 1 hr (only SWSF), and at 1, 2, and 3 months of treatment. RESULTS: Posttreatment SWFS was not statistically different between pilocarpine and placebo regardless of the treatment sequence (paired T test; p > .05), except for the SWFS rates at 2 months after therapy. When comparing pilocarpine with placebo in the time points, there was no significant difference (p > .05) for QoL or XI. Significant differences in improvement in QoL and xerostomia experience appeared along time for pilocarpine group. CONCLUSION: The topical application of pilocarpine spray tested was similar to placebo on SWSF assessments in patients treated with RT for HNC.

Caries removal with Er:YAG laser followed by dentin biomodification with carbodiimide and chitosan: Wettability and surface morphology analysis.

This study aimed to investigate dentin wettability and surface morphology after selective removal of carious lesion by erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Er:YAG) laser, followed by dentin biomodification with carbodiimide (EDC) and chitosan (CHI). Seventy-eight bovine dentin specimens were submitted to caries induction. Specimens were distributed according to methods of carious removal (n = 39): bur at low-speed (40,000 rpm) or Er:YAG laser (noncontact mode, 250 mJ/pulse and 4Hz). All specimens were etched with 35% phosphoric acid, and subdivided according to dentin biomodification (n = 13): Control (no biomodification), EDC or CHI. The contact angle (n = 10) between adhesive system (3M ESPE) and dentin surface was measured by a goniometer. Eighteen specimens (n = 3) were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = .05). The method used to remove carious lesion did not influence the wettability of dentinal surface (p = .748). The angles produced on the remaining dentin after biomodification were influenced (p = .007). CHI promoted higher contact angles (p = .007) and EDC did not differ from the control group (p = .586). In the bur-treated group, most tubules were open, regardless of which biomodifier was used. Laser modified the organic matrix layer. CHI promoted partially closed tubules in some areas while EDC exposed dentinal tubules. Regardless of which method was used for selective removal of carious lesion, biomodification with EDC did not affect the dentin wettability, whereas CHI changed the wettability of remaining dentin. Both biomodifiers promoted a slight change on dentin morphology.

Influence of metal bar lever-arm on screws detorque for dental prosthesis implant supported / Influência do cantilever no destorque de parafusos de barras metálicas utilizadas em próteses do tipo protocolo de Brannemark

Introduction: The cantilever length of implant-supported fixed prosthesis metal structure has been considered an important factor to transfer occlusion forces to the dental implant. Objective: This study evaluated the influence of different extensions of cantilevers of Branemark protocol implant prosthesis when submitted to mechanical thermocycling by screw loosening evaluation. Material and method: The groups G10 (n = 5), G15 (n = 5) and G20 (n = 5) were formed according to the distance in millimeters between the force application site in the cantilever and the center of the last implant. All metal structures (n = 15) were submitted to a 120 N cyclic vertical load in a chewing simulation machine (MSM-Elquip, São Carlos-SP, Brazil) under controlled temperature and moisture conditions. Two hundred and fifty thousand mechanical cycles were performed with a frequency of 2 Hz that simulates a masticatory activity similar to 3 months. To compare the data obtained regarding the loosening of the metal structure screws, implant position and sites of load application, the analysis of variance with two factors and the Tukey test were performed. Result: Statistical analysis showed that the G10 group presented greater torque loss, statistically different from G15 (p = 0.001) and G20 (p = 0.002), and there was no significant difference between groups G15 and G20. Conclusion: It can be concluded from the results that all the screws presented torque loss after simulation of 3 month masticatory activity, suggesting the need for periodical evaluation to prevent failures in the treatment.

Introdução: O comprimento do cantilever da infraestrutura de prótese implanto-suportada tem sido considerado um importante fator de transferência de força de oclusão para o implante dentário. Objetivo: Esse trabalho avaliou a influência das diferentes extensões do cantilever da prótese sobre implantes tipo protocolo de Branemark submetidas à termociclagem mecânica pela avaliação dos afrouxamentos dos parafusos de fixação. Material e método: Os grupos G10 (n=5), G15 (n=5) e G20 (n=5) foram formados de acordo com a distância, em milímetros, entre o local de aplicação de força no cantilever e o centro do último implante. Todas as barras (n=15) foram submetidas a carga vertical cíclica de 120 N em uma máquina de simulação de mastigação (MSM-Elquip, São Carlos/SP, Brasil), em condições de temperatura e umidade controladas. Foram realizados 250 mil ciclos mecânicos com frequência de 2 Hz que simulou uma atividade mastigatória correspondente a 3 meses. Para comparar os dados obtidos quanto à soltura dos parafusos da barra, a posição dos implantes e os locais de aplicação de carga, foi realizada a análise de variância com dois fatores e o teste de Tukey. Resultado: A análise estatística mostrou que o grupo G10 apresentou maior perda de torque, diferente estatisticamente de G15 (p=0,001) e G20 (p=0,002) e que não houve diferença significante entre os grupos G15 e G20. Conclusão: Pode-se concluir que todos os parafusos apresentaram perda de torque após o ensaio simulando uma atividade mastigatória de 3 meses, sugerindo a necessidade de avaliação clínica periódica afim de prevenir fracasso no tratamento.

Professional practices of education/training of nurses in an intensive care unit / Prácticas profesionales de educación/formación de enfermeros en un centro de cuidados intensivos / Práticas profissionais de educação/formação dos enfermeiros em uma unidade de cuidados intensivos

ABSTRACT Objective: To understand the education/training of nurses working in an intensive care unit. Method: Case study with qualitative approach, with an intentional sample. Data collection and analysis used different research techniques, mainly document analysis, interview and field observation. Results: The data highlights feelings of well-being, satisfaction and motivation as important for education and training in a work context. Some organizational practices seem to promote interpersonal relationships and, consequently, increase the willingness of these professionals to adopt a reward perspective regarding continuing education and training, establishing a close relationship between the formal, the non-formal and the informal. Final Consideration: The attractiveness of this organization is related to the valorization and recognition that it can offer to the professionals. There is a reciprocity between a hospital that endorses up-to-date care and professionals who seek scientific evidence.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Entender la educación/formación de enfermeros que trabajan en un centro de cuidados intensivos. Método: se trata de una investigación cualitativa, en la que se ha recurrido, partiendo de una muestra intencional, al estudio de caso a modo de investigación. Para la recolección y el tratamiento de los datos se utilizaron diversas técnicas investigativas, con preponderancia del análisis documental, el interrogatorio mediante entrevista y la observación en el terreno. Resultados: Los datos denotan valores de bienestar, satisfacción y motivación de parte de los enfermeros para la educación y formación en el contexto laboral. Algunas prácticas organizacionales parecen promover las relaciones interpersonales y, como consecuencia, estos profesionales se disponen a adoptar dinámicas formativas permanentes, resultando en una relación estrecha entre lo formal, lo no formal y lo informal. Consideraciones Finales: La capacidad de atracción que el hospital tiene sobre los profesionales surge de la valorización y del reconocimiento que dicha organización demuestra. Existe una reciprocidad entre el hospital que legitima la atención actualizada y los profesionales que buscan la evidencia científica.

RESUMO Objetivo: Compreender a educação/formação dos enfermeiros que trabalham numa unidade de cuidados intensivos. Método: Pesquisa qualitativa, recorrendo-se ao modo de investigação estudo de caso, a partir de uma amostra intencional. Para a coleta e tratamento dos dados, fez-se uso de diversas técnicas de pesquisa, privilegiando a análise documental, o inquérito por entrevista e a observação no terreno. Resultados: Os dados evidenciam valores de bem-estar, satisfação e motivação dos enfermeiros para a educação e formação em contexto de trabalho. Algumas práticas organizacionais parecem promover as relações interpessoais e, consequentemente, a disposição dos profissionais para adotar dinâmicas formativas permanentes como recompensa, instituindo-se uma estreita relação entre o formal, o não formal e o informal. Considerações Finais: A capacidade de atração dos profissionais ao hospital está na valorização e reconhecimento que a organização consegue oferecer. Existe uma reciprocidade entre o hospital que legitima a assistência atualizada e os profissionais que procuram a evidência científica.

Learning from mistakes: analyzing incidents in a neonatal care unit / Aprendendo com os erros: análise dos incidentes em uma unidade de cuidados neonatais / Aprendiendo con los errores: análisis de los incidentes en una unidad de cuidados neonatales

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze incidents reported in a neonatal care unit. Method: a quantitative, cross-sectional and retrospective study with a sample of 34 newborns. Data were collected through a structured form, composed of two parts: sociodemographic/clinical characteristics of the newborns, and characteristics of the reported incidents. Data were collected from the institution's computer system, in a period corresponding to 13 months, and analyzed by means of descriptive statistics. Results: the majority of the newborns were preterm (70.6%), male (52.9%) and born through caesarean section (76.5%). During the study period, 54 incidents were reported, totaling a frequency of 1.6 incident per newborn. It was found that 61.1% of incidents were related to medicines, 14.8% to accidental loss of tracheal tube and 9.3% to catheter obstruction. Conclusion: analysis of the reported incidents has shown that most incidents refer to the drug process. Information about the incidents can increase the perception of health professionals regarding the impact of their actions.

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar os incidentes notificados em uma unidade de cuidados neonatais. Método: estudo quantitativo, transversal e retrospectivo, com amostra de 34 recém-nascidos. A coleta dos dados ocorreu mediante preenchimento de formulário estruturado, composto por duas partes: características sociodemográficas/clínicas dos recém-nascidos, e características dos incidentes notificados. Os dados foram coletados do sistema informático da instituição, em um período correspondente a 13 meses, sendo analisados por meio de estatística descritiva. Resultados: quanto às características sociodemográficas e clínicas, a maioria dos recém-nascidos era de prematuros (70,6%), do sexo masculino (52,9%) e que nasceu por meio de cesariana (76,5%). No período estudado foram notificados 54 incidentes, totalizando uma frequência de 1,6 incidente por recém-nascido. Encontrou-se que 61,1% dos incidentes estavam relacionados a medicamentos, 14,8% associados à perda acidental de tubo traqueal e 9,3% ligados à obstrução de cateteres. Conclusão: a análise dos incidentes notificados demonstrou que a maioria dos incidentes se refere ao processo de medicamentos. As informações sobre os incidentes podem ampliar a percepção dos profissionais de saúde em relação ao impacto das suas ações.

resumen Objetivo: analizar los incidentes notificados en una unidad de cuidados neonatales. Método: estudio cuantitativo, transversal y retrospectivo, con muestra de 34 recién nacidos. La recolección de los datos fue completando el formulario estructurado, compuesto por dos partes: características sociodemográficas/clínicas de los recién nacidos y características de los incidentes notificados. Los datos fueron recogidos del sistema informático de la institución, en un período correspondiente a 13 meses, siendo analizados por medio de estadística descriptiva. Resultados: en las características sociodemográficas y clínicas, la mayoría de los recién nacidos era prematuros (70,6%), del sexo masculino (52,9%) y nacieron por medio de cesárea (76,5%). En el período estudiado fueron notificados 54 incidentes, totalizando una frecuencia de 1,6 incidentes por recién nacido. Se encontró que 61,1% de los incidentes estaban relacionados a medicamentos, 14,8% asociados a pérdida accidental de tubo traqueal y 9,3% ligados a obstrucción de catéteres. Conclusión: el análisis de los incidentes notificados demostraron que la mayoría de los incidentes se refiere al proceso de medicamentos. Las informaciones sobre los incidentes pueden ampliar la percepción de los profesionales de salud en relación al impacto de sus acciones.

Evaluation of Marginal Misfit of Metal Frameworks Welded by Gas-Torch, Laser, and Tungsten Inert Gas Methods.

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the marginal fit and the flexural resistance of nickel-chromium frameworks welded by different techniques, gas-torch, laser, and tungsten inert gas (TIG), compared with that of frameworks made via one-piece casting. METHODS: To evaluate the marginal fit, a master model was fabricated simulating four implants. Transfers and replicas were used to transfer the positions of the implants to the model, using a silicone matrix. The bars were waxed up and casted. Three assessments of misfit were performed for each implant using a stereomicroscope before and after welding in two predetermined regions, totaling six readings for each implant. To evaluate the flexural resistance, one group was made casting the specimens in one piece. Other 3 groups using gas-torch, laser, and TIG welding techniques were made after sectioned transversally. The data showed normal distribution and two-way ANOVA for marginal fit and one-way ANOVA for flexural resistance, and Tukey's posttest (α=0.05) was performed. RESULTS: For the marginal fit, the three welding methods presented similar results and were different from one-piece casting. For the flexural resistance, significant differences were observed among the studied groups (p < 0.001), and the one-piece group presented higher resistance compared to the three welding techniques. CONCLUSIONS: Within the limits of this study, the three welding techniques yielded similar misfit results, and the laser and TIG techniques presented similar flexural resistance but lower than gas-torch and one-piece casting.

Health policies in Southern Europe and deregulation of labour relations: a glimpse of Portugal. / Políticas de saúde do Sul da Europa e desregulação das relações de trabalho: um olhar sobre Portugal.

Under the Troika Memorandum (2011-2015), health policies in Portugal know a political agenda, business and organizational schedule guided by the principles of privatisation, deregulation and underfinancing of public services by the State. In this article, the authors provide a review of the literature on health systems in the countries of the Southern European countries, highlighting the Portuguese situation regarding reform processes and major health inequalities before and during the economic crisis. Complementarily, the testimonies of different professionals of the health sector (doctor, nurse, therapeutics technician, unions and heads of care units) are summoned. Based on an exploratory study, it is our purpose to discuss political-organisational transformations and their consequences in the deregulation and precariousness of labour relations in the health sector. Wage reductions, career freeze, contractual instability, professional demotivation, intensification of the work pace and disqualification of services are some of the most visible signs of a management agenda that conflicts with the missions of a universal National Health System (NHS) at the service of Portuguese society.

Sob o efeito do Memorando da Troika (2011-2015), as políticas de saúde em Portugal conhecem uma agenda política, empresarial e organizacional orientada por princípios de privatização, desregulação e subfinanciamento dos serviços públicos por parte do Estado. Neste artigo, faz-se uma revisão da literatura sobre os sistemas de saúde dos países do Sul, destacando-se a situação portuguesa quanto aos processos de reforma e principais desigualdades de saúde antes e durante a crise econômica. Complementarmente, convocam-se os testemunhos de diferentes profissionais do setor da saúde (médico, enfermeiro, técnico de terapêutica, sindicatos e dirigentes de unidades de cuidados). Baseado num estudo exploratório, discutem-se as transformações político-organizacionais e suas consequências na desregulação e precarização das relações de trabalho no setor da saúde. Reduções salariais, congelamento de carreira, instabilidade contratual, desmotivação profissional, intensificação do ritmo de trabalho e desqualificação dos serviços são alguns dos sinais mais visíveis de uma agenda gestionária que conflitua com as missões de um Sistema de Saúde Pública (SNS) universal ao serviço da sociedade portuguesa.

Políticas de saúde do Sul da Europa e desregulação das relações de trabalho: um olhar sobre Portugal / Health policies in Southern Europe and deregulation of labour relations: a glimpse of Portugal

Resumo Sob o efeito do Memorando da Troika (2011-2015), as políticas de saúde em Portugal conhecem uma agenda política, empresarial e organizacional orientada por princípios de privatização, desregulação e subfinanciamento dos serviços públicos por parte do Estado. Neste artigo, faz-se uma revisão da literatura sobre os sistemas de saúde dos países do Sul, destacando-se a situação portuguesa quanto aos processos de reforma e principais desigualdades de saúde antes e durante a crise econômica. Complementarmente, convocam-se os testemunhos de diferentes profissionais do setor da saúde (médico, enfermeiro, técnico de terapêutica, sindicatos e dirigentes de unidades de cuidados). Baseado num estudo exploratório, discutem-se as transformações político-organizacionais e suas consequências na desregulação e precarização das relações de trabalho no setor da saúde. Reduções salariais, congelamento de carreira, instabilidade contratual, desmotivação profissional, intensificação do ritmo de trabalho e desqualificação dos serviços são alguns dos sinais mais visíveis de uma agenda gestionária que conflitua com as missões de um Sistema de Saúde Pública (SNS) universal ao serviço da sociedade portuguesa.

Abstract Under the Troika Memorandum (2011-2015), health policies in Portugal know a political agenda, business and organizational schedule guided by the principles of privatisation, deregulation and underfinancing of public services by the State. In this article, the authors provide a review of the literature on health systems in the countries of the Southern European countries, highlighting the Portuguese situation regarding reform processes and major health inequalities before and during the economic crisis. Complementarily, the testimonies of different professionals of the health sector (doctor, nurse, therapeutics technician, unions and heads of care units) are summoned. Based on an exploratory study, it is our purpose to discuss political-organisational transformations and their consequences in the deregulation and precariousness of labour relations in the health sector. Wage reductions, career freeze, contractual instability, professional demotivation, intensification of the work pace and disqualification of services are some of the most visible signs of a management agenda that conflicts with the missions of a universal National Health System (NHS) at the service of Portuguese society.