RESUMO
This study reviews the case of a 67-year-old man who initially presented with high fever and dyspnea. He was subsequently admitted for treatment of pneumonia. On admission, severe leucopenia and thrombopenia were observed in the peripheral blood, with significant phagocytosis of hematopoietic cells including erythroblasts and leukocytes by macrophages in the bone marrow. Following the administration of antibiotic therapy, an improvement in pneumonia and cytopenia symptoms was noted. Clinically, we diagnosed this case as bacteria-associated hemophagocytic syndrome (BAHS) with community-acquired pneumonia. In general BAHS is seen following severe hematologic disease or pneumonia, and so the treatment of BAHS is quite difficult. This particular case had no additional hematologic disorder, and all presenting symptoms of BAHS were resolved immediately following the improvement in pneumonia with post-antibiotic therapy.