Vascular trauma injury evaluation in Khorramabad, Iran: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Vascular trauma injuries are associated significantly with disabilities and mortality where prompt diagnosis and management are of great importance. Objectives: In this study, the authors aim to evaluate the pattern of vascular trauma injuries. Methods: This descriptive retrospective study was performed on patients with vascular injuries due to trauma referred to (Shohada Ashayer Hospital and Shahid Chamran Hospital, Khorramabad). Patients' files were evaluated for the following data: diagnostics, types of treatment and outcome, type of trauma, cause of trauma, anatomy of the injured site, duration of surgery, type of lesion, delayed complication, and requirement of revision surgery. The data obtained were descriptively evaluated using SPSSv22. Results: Of 233 patients studied, 95.3% were males. The mean age of the patients was 29.15±11.8 years. 82.8% of patients presented with penetrating trauma whereas 32.2% of patients had stab wound trauma. The most common sign at the time of referral was a loss of sensation in 54.9% of patients. Direct diagnosis based on clinical presentation was made in 79% of patients. The upper extremity was the most common site of vascular injury in 77.3% of patients with the involvement of radial and ulnar arteries, in 63.1%. 66.9% of patients underwent primary vascular repair, 92 received revision surgery, and 69 required blood transfusion. Conclusion: Epidemiological studies of vascular injury can help clinicians and local healthcare centres to understand the pattern of vascular trauma based on the geographical location and train trauma surgeons and medical staff to provide effective and timely management.

Temporal and spatial pattern of dust storms, their polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and human health risk assessment in the dustiest region of the world.

This study evaluated the concentration and health risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Abadan City under 4 different climatic conditions: normal days, dusty days, dust with northwesterly winds, and dust with southeasterly winds. It also determined the sources of aromatics and discussed the relationship between meteorological parameters and PAH concentrations. The spatiotemporal distribution of dust in the area was determined using the HYSPLIT (hybrid single-particle Lagrangian integrated trajectory) back trajectory model, moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) images. For this purpose, sampling was performed for 70 days using an Omni device. The concentrations of 16 PAHs (USEPA) ranged from 46.22 to 90.96 ng/m3. The highest concentration of high molecular weight (HMW) PAHs was 4-6 rings, of which 4 rings were predominant in all samples. PAH sources were identified using diagnostic ratios and principal component analysis (PCA), and it was shown that PAHs mainly originate from a mixture of sources, including vehicular emissions, petrol emissions, and traffic. Wind speed was negatively correlated with dust, except on dusty days. This result indicates a decrease in PAH concentrations when wind speed increases. On the other hand, the dust correlation with PAH was positive on normal days, but a negative correlation was observed on dusty days. This result was due to the lower concentration of PAHs from natural resources (such as dust source areas) vs. human resources (such as traffic and industry). PAH health risk assessment in Abadan City showed that the risk of carcinogenesis was higher on normal days and through skin contact. The probability of incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) in all sampling conditions was potential in terms of carcinogenic risk (10-4-10-6). As a critical risk factor, relevant authorities should prevent, control, and reduce it.

Health Concerns of Various Nanoparticles: A Review of Their in Vitro and in Vivo Toxicity.

Nanoparticles (NPs) are currently used in diagnosis and treatment of many human diseases, including autoimmune diseases and cancer. However, cytotoxic effects of NPs on normal cells and living organs is a severe limiting factor that hinders their use in clinic. In addition, diversity of NPs and their physico-chemical properties, including particle size, shape, surface area, dispersity and protein corona effects are considered as key factors that have a crucial impact on their safe or toxicological behaviors. Current studies on toxic effects of NPs are aimed to identify the targets and mechanisms of their side effects, with a focus on elucidating the patterns of NP transport, accumulation, degradation, and elimination, in both in vitro and in vitro models. NPs can enter the body through inhalation, skin and digestive routes. Consequently, there is a need for reliable information about effects of NPs on various organs in order to reveal their efficacy and impact on health. This review covers the existing knowledge base on the subject that hopefully prepares us better to address these challenges.

Protein-Protein Interaction Analysis of Common Top Genes in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and Schizophrenia: Towards New Drug Approach Obsessive-Compulsive disorder (OCD) and Schizophrenia Comorbidity Gene Analysis.

Comorbidty is common among psychiatric disorders including obsessive-compulsive disorder and schizophrenia with a high rate. Many studies suggested that the disorders may have same etiological bases. In this regard, shared pathways of glutamate, dopaminergic, and serotonin are the known ones. Here, the common significant genes are examined to understand the possible molecular origin of the disorders in terms of sequence and functional features. Exploring the underling mechanisms of OCD and schizophrenia is important to achieve a better treatment options. Methods of Cytoscape software following R statistical software were applied for this purpose. Needleman-Wunsch global alignment algorithm was used to determine pair-wise similarities followed by clustering methods, AGNES and PAM in R statistical programming software. The results indicate that SLC1A1, DRD2, DRD4, BDNF, ESR1, CDH2, GRIN2B, TNFa, GABBR1, and OLIG2 are significantly common for the two disorders and PPI network analysis showed the important key genes in the interaction profile. ESR1 (estrogen receptor α) as a key hub-bottleneck gene regulates many underling mechanisms of the brain. Application of global alignments indicates some of the genes with sequence similarities also elucidate similar biological terms.

Metabolomic analysis of human cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis diseases.

Metabolome analysis is used to evaluate the characteristics and interactions of low molecular weight metabolites under a specific set of conditions. In cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatotic hepatitis (NASH) the liver does not function thoroughly due to long-term damage. Unfortunately the early detection of cirrhosis, HCC, NAFLD and NASH is a clinical problem and determining a sensitive, specific and predictive novel method based on biomarker discovery is an important task. On the other hand, metabolomics has been reported as a new and powerful technology in biomarker discovery and dynamic field that cause global comprehension of system biology. In this review, it has been collected a heterogeneous set of metabolomics published studies to discovery of biomarkers in researches to introduce diagnostic biomarkers for early detection and the choice of patient-specific therapies.

Safety and Efficacy of Propranolol in Comparison With Combination of Fentanyl and Ketamine as Premedication in Cataract Surgery Under the Topical Anesthesia.

This study evaluated the safety and effects of propranolol as a premedication before cataract surgery and compared them with the usual combination doses of fentanyl and ketamine. Among all reffered patients to Feiz Hospital of Esfahan for cataract surgery, 122 patients between Mar to Sep 2010 were enrolled in this study and randomly allocated into one of the following equal groups: 40 mg propranolol, 2 hours before surgery and combination of 15 mg ketamine and 50 µg fentanyl l. 5 min before surgery. The ability to control of hemodynamic instabilities caused by stress and to gain patients satisfaction was compared between two groups. Also, the efficacy of each premedication to control of hemodynamic changes during surgery were evaluated and compared. No significant differences were seen in the patients satisfaction and controlling of stress induced hemodynamic changes between two groups (P>0.05). However, patients in ketamine + fentanyl group showed more nausea and less pain during and after surgery. Moreover, no significant adverse effects were reported during and after the surgery. Our results demonstrated that propranolol can be used safely as a premedication in cataract surgery in the comparable efficacy to ketamine plus fentanyl premedication.

Association Between Lifestyle and Hypertension in Patients Referred to Health Care Centers of Ilam City in 2014.

INTRODUCTION: Lifestyle is referred to an individual's healthy and unhealthy behaviors that can affect their health statues. The present study aim was association between lifestyle and hypertension in patients referred to healthcare centers of Ilam city in 2014. MATERIALS & METHODS: This research study was a case-control study. The data were collected through a standard questionnaire of health-promoting lifestyle profile (HPLPII) as well as the researcher's direct visit to the health care centers in the city of Ilam. After the questionnaires were collected and classified, the data were entered into SPSS software and analyzed by descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, T-Tests and logistic regression. RESULTS: The mean and the standard deviation of the age of the main and the control groups were 57.1 (2.22) and 56.5 (2.99) years old, respectively. 10.9%of the control group and 25.5. % of the cases was smoking cigarettes or hookah. The results of the data analysis showed that the mean scores obtained by the main and the control groups on measures of physical activity, psychological growth, stress and total lifestyleare significantly different, so that the obtained score in the dimensions in patients with hypertension was significantly lower than the score obtained among the healthy individuals. CONCLUSIONS: According to the results it seems that educational interventions in the field of healthy lifestyle for individuals with hypertension risk can have an effect on controlling this disease and reducing its incidence.

A case-control study of the factors affecting male infertility.

BACKGROUND/AIM: Infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after at least 1 year of unprotected intercourse. In about one third of infertile couples, a male factor is the primary problem. Thus, the present study aimed to determine the most common risk factors for male infertility in Iranian men. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This case-control study included 268 men attending an infertility clinic in Shiraz, Iran. In this study, 161 fertile men were compared with 108 infertile ones regarding risk factors such as smoking habits, drug consumption, hernia, varicocele, job, and BMI. The data were analyzed using logistic regression analysis and t-test. RESULTS: The mean age of the fertile and infertile participants was 37.5 ± 7 and 36.3 ± 10, respectively. Our findings demonstrated a statistically significant relationship between male infertility and hernia, varicocele, taking ranitidine, job, and BMI. With an increase of 1 cigarette per day, there was a 1% decrease in the motility of the sperm. Moreover, with an increase of 1 year of cigarette smoking, 800,000 sperm are lost. CONCLUSION: The results revealed varicocele and hernia as the most common risk factors in men attending the infertility clinics in Shiraz. In addition, strenuous work could cause testicular injury.

Negative predictive value of the chorionic villous sampling (CVS) in diagnosis of thalassemia in genetic laboratory of Dastgheib Hospital, Shiraz, Iran, 2012.

BACKGROUND: Chorionic Villous Sampling (CVS) is a diagnostic method for determining genetic disorders. The present study aimed to determine the negative predictive value of the CVS in the diagnosis of major thalassemia in genetic laboratory of Dastgheib Hospital, Shiraz, Iran. METHODS: The present research was an evaluation diagnostic test conducted on 372 records of embryos examined through CVS in the genetic lab in 2010 and definitely diagnosed by electrophoresis after birth in 2012. The sensitivity and positive predictive value of the test were assessed for minor thalassemia. The negative predictive value and the specificity of this test were determined, as well. RESULTS: A total of 3 embryos (0.8%) were aborted due to testing. In this study, the sensitivity and specificity were 94.8% and 80.4%, respectively. Also, the negative predictive values for diagnosis of major and minor thalassemia were 100% and 89.2%, respectively. No relationships were found between the gestational age and the test results. CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed that CVS genetic testing in genetic laboratory of Dastgheib Hospital was valid and had a high diagnostic value. Thus, minor couples can undergo this test with relative safety in order to prevent major thalassemia.