Vascularized fascial flap for reconstruction of combined oral mucosa-mandibular defects: The multi-modal biological assessment.

OBJECTIVE: The reconstruction of composite defects in the oral and maxillofacial region using vascularized fascial flaps, such as the fibular, iliac, and temporal fascial flaps, has gained increasing attention among surgeons. However, there remains uncertainty regarding the suitability of fascial flaps as transplants, as well as their healing processes and outcomes, due to their non-mucosal nature. This study aims to comprehensively assess the biological aspects of vascularized fascial flaps at clinical, histological, and genetic levels, with the goal of providing essential biological references for their clinical application. STUDY DESIGN: This study enrolled three patients who underwent reconstruction of combined oral mucosa-mandibular defects using fibular vascularized fascial flaps between 2020 and 2023. Data regarding changes in the appearance of the fascial flaps, bulk-RNA sequencing, and histological slices of initial fascia, initial gingiva, and transformed fascia were collected and analyzed. RESULTS: Within three months, the fascial flaps exhibited rapid epithelial coverage and displayed distinct characteristics resembling mucosa. High-throughput RNA sequencing analyses and histological slices revealed that the transformed fascia exhibited tissue structures similar to mucosa and demonstrated unique advantages in promoting blood vessel formation and reducing scarring through the high-level expression of relevant genes. CONCLUSION: These findings emphasize the potential and feasibility of utilizing vascularized fascial flaps for oral mucosa reconstruction, establishing their unique advantage as transplant materials, and providing significant biological information and references for their selection and clinical application.

The three-dimensional stability and accuracy of 3D printing surgical templates: An In Vitro study.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the three-dimensional (3D) stability and accuracy of additively manufactured surgical templates fabricated using two different 3D printers and materials. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty surgical templates were designed and printed using two different 3D printers: the resin group (n = 20) used a digital light processing (DLP) 3D printer with photopolymer resin, and the metal group (n = 20) employed a selective laser melting (SLM) 3D printer with titanium alloy. All surgical templates were scanned immediately after production and re-digitalized after one month of storage. Similarly, the implant simulations were performed twice. Three-dimensional congruency between the original design and the manufactured surgical templates was quantified using the root mean square (RMS), and the definitive and planned implant positions were determined and compared. RESULTS: At the postproduction stage, the metal templates exhibited higher accuracy than the resin templates (p < 0.001), and these differences persisted after one month of storage (p < 0.001). The resin templates demonstrated a significant decrease in three-dimensional stability after one month of storage (p < 0.001), whereas the metal templates were not affected (p > 0.05). No significant differences in implant accuracy were found between the two groups. However, the resin templates showed a significant increase in apical and angular deviations after one month of storage (p < 0.001), whereas the metal templates were not affected (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Printed metal templates showed higher fabrication accuracy than printed resin templates. The three-dimensional stability and implant accuracy of printed metal templates remained unaffected by one month of storage. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: With superior three-dimensional stability and acceptable implant accuracy, printed metal templates can be considered a viable alternative technique for guided surgery.

New Insights into MeHg Accumulation in Rice (Oryza sativa L.): Evidence from Cysteine.

The intake of methylmercury (MeHg)-contaminated rice poses immense health risks to rice consumers. However, the mechanisms of MeHg accumulation in rice plants are not entirely understood. The knowledge that the MeHg-Cysteine complex was dominant in polished rice proposed a hypothesis of co-transportation of MeHg and cysteine inside rice plants. This study was therefore designed to explore the MeHg accumulation processes in rice plants by investigating biogeochemical associations between MeHg and amino acids. Rice plants and underlying soils were collected from different Hg-contaminated sites in the Wanshan Hg mining area. The concentrations of both MeHg and cysteine in polished rice were higher than those in other rice tissues. A significant positive correlation between MeHg and cysteine in rice plants was found, especially in polished rice, indicating a close geochemical association between cysteine and MeHg. The translocation factor (TF) of cysteine showed behavior similar to that of the TF of MeHg, demonstrating that these two chemical species might share a similar transportation mechanism in rice plants. The accumulation of MeHg in rice plants may vary due to differences in the molar ratios of MeHg to cysteine and the presence of specific amino acid transporters. Our results suggest that cysteine plays a vital role in MeHg accumulation and transportation inside rice plants.

Innovative principle of implant-oriented fibula placement in mandibular reconstruction using double-barrel fibula and simultaneous implants: A technical note.

Simultaneous or secondary inserted implants with double-barrel fibula to reconstruct the mandible have become a common method. However, difficulties in later restoration caused by placement errors of fibula or incipiently placed implants have also been reported in some studies. This note describes a novel technique of implant-oriented guide plates helpful for mandible ablation, fibula segmentation and positioning, and implant placement. We design a series of guide plates especially an implant-fibula placing guide plate, and record and fix the relative spatial positions of the remaining teeth, the simultaneous implants and upper fibula. During surgery, the placement of upper fibula is oriented towards appropriate placement of implants. Therefore, the position of upper fibula can meet the requirements of simultaneous implant as much as possible. Within the limits of present observation, we believe that this technique may increase the manipuility while reducing the errors and the risk of complications.

Intracranial mesenchymal tumor with multiple extracranial metastases: A case report and literature review.

This study presents a rare case of an older woman with an intracranial mesenchymal tumor in the right frontal and parietal lobes. Despite prompt surgical intervention, her condition rapidly deteriorated because of tumor dissemination, leading to her demise. We highlight the tumor's marked invasiveness and heterogeneity, coupled with a propensity for distant systemic metastasis, which negatively impacted the patient's prognosis. This particular clinical behavior had not been previously reported, making this a novel observation. Thus, through a comprehensive review of relevant literature, we aim to provide valuable insights for further understanding, diagnosing, and treating such tumors.

A nomogram prediction of implant apical non-coverage on bone-added transcrestal sinus floor elevation: A retrospective cohort study.

OBJECTIVES: To identify the risk indicators and develop and validate a nomogram prediction model of implant apical non-coverage by comprehensively analyzing clinical and radiographic factors in bone-added transcrestal sinus floor elevation (TSFE). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 260 implants in 195 patients receiving bone-added TSFE were included in the study. The population was divided into a development (180 implants) and a validation (80 implants) cohort. According to 6 months post-surgery radiographic images, implants were categorized as "apical non-coverage" or "apical covered." The association of risk factors including clinical and radiographic parameters with implant apical non-coverage was assessed using regression analyses. A nomogram prediction model was developed, and its validation and discriminatory ability were analyzed. RESULTS: The nomogram predicting bone-added TSFE's simultaneously placed implant's apex non-coverage after 6 months. This study revealed that sinus angle, endo-sinus bone gain, implant protrusion length, graft contact walls, and distal angle were predictors of implant apical non-coverage. The generated nomogram showed a strong predictive capability (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.845), confirmed by internal validation using 10-fold cross-validation (Median AUC of 0.870) and temporal validation (AUC = 0.854). The calibration curve and decision curve analysis demonstrated good performance and high net benefit of the nomogram, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical implementation of the present nomogram is suitable for predicting the apex non-coverage of implants placed simultaneously with bone-added TSFE after 6 months.

Radiomic signatures reveal multiscale intratumor heterogeneity associated with tissue tolerance and survival in re-irradiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a multicenter study.

BACKGROUND: Post-radiation nasopharyngeal necrosis (PRNN) is a severe adverse event following re-radiotherapy for patients with locally recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LRNPC) and associated with decreased survival. Biological heterogeneity in recurrent tumors contributes to the different risks of PRNN. Radiomics can be used to mine high-throughput non-invasive image features to predict clinical outcomes and capture underlying biological functions. We aimed to develop a radiogenomic signature for the pre-treatment prediction of PRNN to guide re-radiotherapy in patients with LRNPC. METHODS: This multicenter study included 761 re-irradiated patients with LRNPC at four centers in NPC endemic area and divided them into training, internal validation, and external validation cohorts. We built a machine learning (random forest) radiomic signature based on the pre-treatment multiparametric magnetic resonance images for predicting PRNN following re-radiotherapy. We comprehensively assessed the performance of the radiomic signature. Transcriptomic sequencing and gene set enrichment analyses were conducted to identify the associated biological processes. RESULTS: The radiomic signature showed discrimination of 1-year PRNN in the training, internal validation, and external validation cohorts (area under the curve (AUC) 0.713-0.756). Stratified by a cutoff score of 0.735, patients with high-risk signature had higher incidences of PRNN than patients with low-risk signature (1-year PRNN rates 42.2-62.5% vs. 16.3-18.8%, P < 0.001). The signature significantly outperformed the clinical model (P < 0.05) and was generalizable across different centers, imaging parameters, and patient subgroups. The radiomic signature had prognostic value concerning its correlation with PRNN-related deaths (hazard ratio (HR) 3.07-6.75, P < 0.001) and all causes of deaths (HR 1.53-2.30, P < 0.01). Radiogenomics analyses revealed associations between the radiomic signature and signaling pathways involved in tissue fibrosis and vascularity. CONCLUSIONS: We present a radiomic signature for the individualized risk assessment of PRNN following re-radiotherapy, which may serve as a noninvasive radio-biomarker of radiation injury-associated processes and a useful clinical tool to personalize treatment recommendations for patients with LANPC.

Implant Placement with Simultaneous Guided Bone Regeneration in the Anterior Region Close to the Periapical Lesion of Adjacent Teeth: A Combined Treatment Strategy to Prevent Complications.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety and performance of a potential novel strategy to resolve the above scenario by simultaneously performing implant-related surgery and endodontic microsurgery (EMS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 25 subjects requiring GBR during implant placement in anterior areas were allocated into two groups. In the experimental group (adjacent teeth with periapical lesions) with 10 subjects, implantation and GBR were performed for edentulous areas with simultaneous EMS for adjacent teeth. In the control group (adjacent teeth without periapical lesions) with 15 subjects, implantation and GBR were performed for edentulous areas. The clinical outcomes, radiographic bone remodeling, and patient-reported outcomes were assessed. RESULTS: Within a 1-year follow-up, the implant survival rate was 100% in both groups, with no significant difference regarding complications. All teeth achieved complete healing following EMS. Repeated analysis of variance (ANOVA) measurements revealed a significant change over time in horizontal bone widths and postoperative patient-reported outcomes, but no intergroup statistically significant differences (P > .05) in horizontal bone widths and visual analog scale scores of pain, swelling, and bleeding were observed. Likewise, the bone volumetric decrease (7.4% ± 4.5% in the experimental group and 7.1% ± 5.2% in the control group) from T1 (suture removal) to T2 (6 months after implantation) revealed no intergroup differences. The horizontal bone width gain at the implant platform was slightly lower in the experimental group (P < .05). Interestingly, the color-coded figures of both groups showed a facial reduction of grafted material in edentulous areas. However, the apical regions following EMS exhibited stable bone remodeling in the experimental group. CONCLUSION: This novel approach to address the problem involving implant-related surgery close to the periapical lesion of adjacent teeth appeared safe and reliable (no.: ChiCTR2000041153). Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2023;38:533-544. doi: 10.11607/jomi.9839.

Combination of a surgical template and a collagen strip for guiding sinus floor elevation in the oblique sinus floor: A technical note.

Sinus floor elevation (SFE) by transcrestal approach has been proven to be a predictable and minimally invasive treatment that augments posterior maxilla with insufficient bone height, allowing the prosthetic rehabilitation of this area with dental implants. However, precise and sufficient elevation of the Schneiderian membrane without perforation is challenging through this blind technique especially in the presence of anatomical restrictions. This note describes a novel technique combining a surgical template and an absorbable collagen sponge (ACS) strip for transcrestal SFE in the oblique sinus floor. A surgical template was used to locate the oblique sinus floor and a collagen strip was placed to orient membrane elevation, meanwhile, protect the sinus membrane. Within the limits of present observation, this technique may increase the manipuility while reducing the risk of complications.

The effect of ROS-YAP crosstalk on osteoimmune response orchestrating osteogenesis.

Bone defect repair is a common medical concern. In spite of various existing treatments, its management still requires improvement. Here we show that YAP, a downstream signaling of Hippo pathway, might interplay with redox oxygen species (ROS) and modulate osteoimmunology, which refers to the interaction between immune and skeletal system during bone defect repair. We modulated the ROS level of RAW264.7 cells and found YAP level was reversely regulated. Meanwhile, we detected the feedback of YAP on oxidation level. The results demonstrated that the antioxidant enzyme expression was in proportion to the YAP level of RAW264.7 cells. Additionally, indirect coculture system was applied and it indicated that RAW264.7 cells under oxidative stress could impede proliferation and migration ability of MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts. Consistently, in vivo experiment verified high oxidant level slowed down mice osteogenesis during bone defect repair, while antioxidant and upregulation of YAP accelerated this process. Additionally, we established a mouse model with YAP conditional knockout in macrophages. The results identified that deficiency of YAP in macrophages negatively affected bone defect repair in vivo. In summary, our study indicated that ROS and YAP could jointly modulate osteogenesis via their effect on osteoimmunology.ABBREVIATIONS: GPX4, glutathione peroxidase 4; NAC, N-Acetyl-L-cysteine; qRT-PCR, real-time quantitative PCR; ROS, reactive oxygen species; Tb.N, trabecular number; Tb.Sp, trabecular separation.

Plant-Derived Polyphenol and LL-37 Peptide-Modified Nanofibrous Scaffolds for Promotion of Antibacterial Activity, Anti-Inflammation, and Type-H Vascularized Bone Regeneration.

The regeneration of oral tissues is a challenging clinical problem because of the complex microbial and biological stress environments. Electrospun fibrous scaffolds have attracted significant interest as effective barrier membranes for guided bone regeneration (GBR); however, no mature strategy yet exists for the surface modification of fibers to provide versatility to satisfy clinical requirements. This study demonstrated a practical biosafety strategy: the combined use of plant polyphenols and LL-37 peptides to modify the fiber surface to endow the fibrous scaffold with antimicrobial activity, immunoregulation, and vascularized bone regeneration. We confirmed that the LL-37 peptides interacted with tannic acid (TA) through noncovalent bonds through experiments and molecular docking simulation analysis. In vitro experiments showed that the TA coating imparted strong antibacterial properties to the fibrous scaffold, but it also caused cytotoxicity. The grafting of LL-37 peptide promoted the spreading, migration, and osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells and was also conducive to the M2 polarization of RAW264.7 cells. In vivo experiments further verified that the LL-37 peptide-grafted fibrous scaffold significantly enhanced angiogenesis, anti-inflammatory effects, and type-H vascularized bone regeneration. Overall, the fibrous scaffold modified by the LL-37 peptide through TA grafting has significant potential for GBR applications.

Macrophage response mediated by extracellular matrix: recent progress.

Biomaterials are one of efficient treatment options for tissue defects in regenerative medicine. Compared to synthetic materials which tend to induce chronic inflammatory response and fibrous capsule, extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffold materials composed of biopolymers are thought to be capable of inducing a pro-regenerative immune microenvironment and facilitate wound healing. Immune cells are the first line of response to implanted biomaterials. In particular, macrophages greatly affect cell behavior and the ultimate treatment outcome based on multiple cell phenotypes with various functions. The macrophage polarization status is considered as a general reflection of the characteristics of the immune microenvironment. Since numerous reports has emphasized the limitation of classical M1/M2 nomenclature, high-resolution techniques such as single-cell sequencing has been applied to recognize distinct macrophage phenotypes involved in host responses to biomaterials. After reviewing latest literatures that explored the immune microenvironment mediated by ECM scaffolds, this paper describe the behaviors of highly heterogeneous and plastic macrophages subpopulations which affect the tissue regeneration. The mechanisms by which ECM scaffolds interact with macrophages are also discussed from the perspectives of the ECM ultrastructure along with the nucleic acid, protein, and proteoglycan compositions, in order to provide targets for potential therapeutic modulation in regenerative medicine.

Inhibition of Rgs10 aggravates periodontitis with collagen-induced arthritis via the nuclear factor-κB pathway.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the role of the Rgs10-associated nuclear factor (NF)-κB signalling pathway in periodontitis with rheumatoid arthritis. METHODS: Porphyromonas gingivalis and collagen were locally applied to mice to establish in vivo periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis models, respectively. Both agents were administered together to establish the comorbid group. All models were treated with adeno-associated virus-green fluorescent protein (AAV-GFP) or adeno-associated virus small hairpin Rgs10 (AAV-sh-Rgs10). In vivo expression of Rgs10 and inflammatory cytokines was analysed, along with exploration of the NF-κB signalling pathway in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated mouse-derived RAW264.7 cells, with and without treatment of small interfering RNA (siRNA; Rgs10-Mus-MSS245072). RESULTS: In the comorbidity mouse group (mice with both periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis), inhibition of Rgs10 exacerbated periodontitis, along with upregulation of phospho-RelA (pP65), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression in the NF-κB signalling pathway. Similarly, treatment of LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells with siRNA resulted in the inhibition of Rgs10, along with upregulation of pP65, TNF-α and IL-6 expression in vitro. CONCLUSION: Inhibition of Rgs10 in mice with periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis can promote the progression of periodontitis, indicating the potential therapeutic role of Rgs10 in this condition.

The bromoporphyrins as promising anti-tumor photosensitizers in vitro.

The synthesis of ideal photosensitizers (PSs) is considered to be the most significant bottleneck in photodynamic therapy (PDT). To discover novel PSs with excellent photodynamic anti-tumor activities, a series of novel photosensitizers 5,15-diaryl-10,20-dibromoporphyrins (I1-6) were synthesized by a facile method. Compared with hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether (HMME) as the representative porphyrin-based photosensitizers, it is found that not only the longest absorption wavelength of all compounds was red-shifted to therapeutic window (660 nm) of photodynamic therapy, but also the singlet oxygen quantum yields were significantly increased. Furthermore, all compounds exhibited lower dark toxicity (except I2) and stronger phototoxicity (except I4) against Eca-109 tumor cells than HMME. Among them, I3 possessed the highest singlet oxygen quantum yield (ΦΔ = 0.205), the lower dark toxicity and the strongest phototoxicity (IC50 = 3.5 µM) in vitro. The findings indicated the compounds I3 had the potential to become anti-tumor agents for PDT.

Application of an assembled surgical guide for lateral approach sinus augmentation and sinus septum management: A technical note.

The presence of maxillary septa may render sinus augmentation more challenging particularly when encountered at the ideal implant position. This article demonstrated a novel technique for lateral access sinus augmentation using an assembled surgical guide to achieve proper lateral window outline, precise septum identification and osteotomy, and secure membrane detachment. This technique increases the predictability and efficiency of the procedure while reducing the risk of complications.

Immunomodulatory Biomaterials and Emerging Analytical Techniques for Probing the Immune Micro-Environment.

After implantation of a biomaterial, both the host immune system and properties of the material determine the local immune response. Through triggering or modulating the local immune response, materials can be designed towards a desired direction of promoting tissue repair or regeneration. High-throughput sequencing technologies such as single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) emerging as a powerful tool for dissecting the immune micro-environment around biomaterials, have not been fully utilized in the field of soft tissue regeneration. In this review, we first discussed the procedures of foreign body reaction in brief. Then, we summarized the influences that physical and chemical modulation of biomaterials have on cell behaviors in the micro-environment. Finally, we discussed the application of scRNA-seq in probing the scaffold immune micro-environment and provided some reference to designing immunomodulatory biomaterials. The foreign body response consists of a series of biological reactions. Immunomodulatory materials regulate immune cell activation and polarization, mediate divergent local immune micro-environments and possess different tissue engineering functions. The manipulation of physical and chemical properties of scaffolds can modulate local immune responses, resulting in different outcomes of fibrosis or tissue regeneration. With the advancement of technology, emerging techniques such as scRNA-seq provide an unprecedented understanding of immune cell heterogeneity and plasticity in a scaffold-induced immune micro-environment at high resolution. The in-depth understanding of the interaction between scaffolds and the host immune system helps to provide clues for the design of biomaterials to optimize regeneration and promote a pro-regenerative local immune micro-environment.

Using the intact periosteum for horizontal bone augmentation of peri-implant defects: a retrospective cohort study.

The objectives of this study were to observe hard tissue changes in guided bone regeneration (GBR) with intact periosteum and soft block deproteinised bovine bone mineral (DBBM), and evaluate whether the result of horizontal bone augmentation varied by initial peri-implant defect depth. Forty patients with a single missing tooth and contained peri-implant defect were categorised into three groups according to their presurgical defect depth (≤ 2, 2-4, and 4-6 mm). Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images were collected and reconstructed preoperatively, postoperatively, and at six months' follow up. The buccal bone width (BBW -0, -3, -5), alveolar bone width (ABW -0, -3, -5) and volume of augmented area were measured. At the six-month follow up the increase in BBW, ABW at all levels, and in bone volume, was statistically significant (all p < 0.001). No statistical significance in bone dimensions or bone resorption was found among groups (all p > 0.05). Histological analysis detected new bone formation in intimate contact with bone grafts underlying the periosteum. Within the limitations of this study, the insights gained may be of assistance to suggest that comparable and acceptable results of horizontal bone augmentation can be achieved in cases of peri-implant defect depth of ≤6 mm by means of GBR with intact periosteum.

One case report of laparoscopic biological patch repair for the ureterosciatic hernia and literature review.

Ureterosciatic hernia is a very rare disease worldwide. We report a successful case of laparoscopic biological repair of large ureteral hernia. Preoperative CT examination showed ureterosciatic hernia with incarceration and proximal ureteral dilatation. Laparoscopic ureteral incarceration release, ureteral stent placement and biological patch repair of sciatic foramen hernia were performed. Under the observation of laparoscope, the stent was placed through urethra with cystoscope to restore the course of ureter. A biological patch was placed behind the ureter to cover the closed hernia ring. We have been followed up for 2 months after operation. According to the reexamination, the effect is obvious. Laparoscopic biological patch repair for ureteral sciatic foramen hernia has the advantages of less trauma, convenient operation and ideal prognosis in theory.

Isotopic and Spectroscopic Investigation of Mercury Accumulation in Houttuynia cordata Colonizing Historically Contaminated Soil.

Houttuynia cordata Thunb (H. cordata) is a native vegetable colonizing mercury (Hg) mining sites in the southwest of China; it can accumulate high Hg concentrations in the rhizomes and roots (edible sections), and thus consumption of H. cordata represents an important Hg exposure source to human. Here, we studied the spatial distribution, chemical speciation, and stable isotope compositions of Hg in the soil-H. cordata system at the Wuchuan Hg mining region in China, aiming to provide essential knowledge for assessing Hg risks and managing the transfer of Hg from soils to plants and agricultural systems. Mercury was mainly compartmentalized in the outlayer (periderm) of the underground tissues, with little Hg being translocated to the vascular bundle of the stem. Mercury presented as Hg-thiolates (94% ± 8%), with minor fractional amount of nanoparticulate ß-HgS (ß-HgSNP, 15% ± 4%), in the roots and rhizomes. Analysis of Hg stable isotope ratios showed that cysteine-extractable soil Hg pool (δ202Hgcys), root and rhizome Hg (δ202Hgroot, δ202Hgrhizome) were isotopically lighter than Hg in the bulk soils. A significant positive correlation between δ202Hgcys and δ202Hgroot was observed, suggesting that cysteine-extractable soil Hg pool was an important Hg source to H. cordata. The slightly positive Δ199Hg value in the plant (Δ199Hgroot = 0.07 ± 0.07‰, 2SD, n = 21; Δ199Hgrhizome = 0.06 ± 0.06‰, 2SD, n = 22) indicated that minor Hg was sourced from the surface water. Our results are important to assess the risks of Hg in H. cordata, and to develop sustainable methods to manage the transfer of Hg from soils to agricultural systems.

The biological activities of 5,15-diaryl-10,20-dihalogeno porphyrins for photodynamic therapy.

PURPOSE: Esophageal cancer is the most common gastrointestinal tumor and is difficult to be eradicated with conventional treatment. Porphyrin-based photosensitizers (PSs) mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) could kill tumor cells with less damage to normal cells. As the most widely used porphyrin-based photosensitizer in clinics, Photofrin II has excellent anti-tumor effect. However, it has some disadvantages such as weak absorption at near infrared region, the complexity of components and prolonged skin photosensitivity. Here series novel 5,15-diaryl-10,20-dihalogeno porphyrin derivatives were afforded and evaluated to develop more effective and safer photosensitizers for tumor therapy. METHODS: The photophysical properties and singlet oxygen generation rates of 5,15-diaryl-10,20-dihalogeno porphyrins (I1-6, II1-4) were tested. The cytotoxicity of I1-6 and II1-4 were measured by MTT assay. The pathway of cell death was studied by flow cytometry. In vivo photodynamic efficacy of I3 and II2-4 in Eca-109 tumor-bearing BABL/c nude mice were measured and histopathological analysis were examined. RESULTS: 5,15-Diaryl-10,20-dihalogeno porphyrins I1-6 and II1-4 were synthesized. The longest absorption wavelength of these halogenated porphyrins (λmax = 660 nm) displayed a red shift around 30 nm compared to the unhalogenated porphyrins PS1 (λmax = 630 nm). The singlet oxygen generation rates of I1-6 and II1-4 were significantly higher than PS1 and HMME. All PSs mediated PDT showed obvious cytotoxic effect against Eca-109 cells compared to HMME in vitro and in vivo. Among these PSs, II4 exhibited appropriate absorption in the phototherapeutic window, higher 1O2 generation rate (k = 0.0061 s-1), the strongest phototoxicity (IC50 = 0.4 µM), lower dark toxicity, high generation of intracellular ROS in Eca-109 cells and excellent photodynamic anti-tumor efficacy in vivo. Besides, cell necrosis was induced by compound II4 mediated PDT. CONCLUSION: All new compounds have obvious photodynamic anti-esophageal cancer effects. Among them, the photosensitizer II4 showed excellent efficacy in vitro and in vivo, which has the potential to become a photodynamic anti-tumor drug.