Study on the approach to HIV: health management and the healthcare process in Spain.

INTRODUCTION: HIV continues to represent a problem of great relevance for public health in Spain. This study aims to carry out an analysis that will provide in-depth knowledge of the resources, clinical care, and management during the diagnosis, follow-up, and treatment phases of HIV infection in Spain. METHODS: In the first phase, a multidisciplinary Scientific Committee designed an information collection tool in the form of a survey. In the second phase, carried out in the autonomous communities of Andalusia, Catalonia, and La Rioja, a multidisciplinary group of 42 experts, representatives of the public administration, clinical profiles, and representatives of NGOs in the field of HIV answered the survey. RESULTS: The assessment of HIV resources is generally positive. As regards diagnosis, the experts considered that there was good coordination between Primary and Hospital care. Regarding treatment, the evaluations reflected good opinions on therapeutic conciliation and adherence, with a negative opinion in the evaluation of drug interactions with antiretroviral treatment. Regarding follow-up, the perception expressed was disparate concerning the coordination between Hospital and Primary Care as well as the adaptation of care to chronicity, aging, fragility, mental health, and oncological processes. CONCLUSION: There are certain processes that can be improved in the management of HIV infection in people with HIV in Spain, including protocols for follow-up and coordination between primary and hospital care in the treatment and follow-up of the disease.

El consumo de alcohol en adolescentes estudiantes del nivel secundario de tres escuelas de la ciudad de San Fernando del Valle de Catamarca / Alcohol consumption among adolescent students at the secondary level from three schools in the city of San Fernando del Valle de Catamarca

El presente estudio sobre el consumo de alcohol en adolescentes estudiantes del nivel secundario de tres escuelas de la ciudad de San Fernando del Valle de Catamarca se pretende establecer la prevalencia de consumo de bebidas alcohólicas en jóvenes estudiantes, determinando el sexo y edad de comienzo de consumo, el tipo de bebida, si conocen los efectos nocivos del alcohol y la asociación entre el consumo de cigarrillos y alcohol. Las conductas desajustadas o de riesgo para la salud, por el consumo de alcohol, no es un problema individual, ni por sus causas, ni por sus consecuencias. La prevención no es una labor específica de los profesionales de la salud o de la educación, como tampoco es un conjunto de prescripciones que los padres deben poner en funcionamiento en momentos concretos, ni consiste simplemente en unos determinados procedimientos legislativos. La prevención debe ser, por su propia naturaleza, inespecífica, confundida con el mismo desarrollo integral del ser humano. Se debe contemplar como un objetivo primario del proceso de socialización, pues este proceso vislumbra todas las fuerzas que operarßn sobre la conducta del adolescente. Es desde esta perspectiva, y no desde la implementación de dispositivos desintegrados, como comprometerse con cualquier intervención sobre esta problemßtica. Un buen abordaje integral de toda la comunidad, hace que mejoremos las conductas y resaltar los valores y respeto hacia toda la sociedad...

The present study alcohol consumption in adolescents of secondary school students from three schools in the city of San Fernando del Valle de Catamarca is to establish the prevalence of alcohol consumption among young students, determining the sex and age of first use, the type of drink, if you know the harmful effects of alcohol and the association between cigarette smoking and alcohol. Maladjusted behaviors or health risk from consumption of alcohol, it is not an individual problem, not its causes, and its consequences. Prevention is not a specific work of health professionals or education, nor is it a set of requirements that parents must operate at specific times, or is simply in a certain legislative procedures. Prevention must be, by its very nature, nonspecific, confused with the same integral human development. It should be seen as a primary goal of the socialization process, as this process sees all the forces that operate on the adolescent's behavior. It is from this perspective, and not from the device implementation disintegrated as committing to any action on this issue. A good comprehensive approach to the whole community, for us to improve behaviors and highlight the values and respect for all of society...