RESUMO
Post-operative delirium (POD) is a state of mental and neurocognitive impairment characterized by disorientation and fluctuating levels of consciousness. POD in the context of esophageal surgery may herald serious and potentially life-threatening post-operative complications, or conversely be a symptom of severe underlying pathophysiologic disturbances. The aim of the present systematic review and meta-analysis is to explore risk factors associated with the development of POD and assess its impact on post-operative outcomes. A systematic literature search of the MedLine, Web of Science, Embase and Cochrane CENTRAL databases and the clinicaltrials.gov registry was undertaken. A random-effects model was used for data synthesis with pooled outcomes expressed as Odds Ratios (OR), or standardized mean differences (WMD) with corresponding 95% Confidence Intervals. Seven studies incorporating 2449 patients (556 with POD and 1893 without POD) were identified. Patients experiencing POD were older (WMD 0.29 ± 0.13 years, P < 0.001), with higher Charlson's Comorbidity Index (CCI; WMD 0.31 ± 0.23, P = 0.007) and were significantly more likely to be smokers (OR 1.38, 95% CI 1.07-1.77, P = 0.01). Additionally, POD was associated with blood transfusions (OR 2.08, 95% CI 1.56-2.77, P < 0.001), and a significantly increased likelihood to develop anastomotic leak (OR 2.03, 95% CI 1.25-3.29, P = 0.004). Finally, POD was associated with increased mortality (OR 2.71, 95% CI 1.24-5.93, P = 0.01) and longer hospital stay (WMD 0.4 ± 0.24, P = 0.001). These findings highlight the clinical relevance and possible economic impact of POD after esophagectomy for malignant disease and emphasize the need of developing effective preventive strategies.
Assuntos
Delírio , Esofagectomia , Humanos , Esofagectomia/efeitos adversos , Fatores de Risco , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/prevenção & controle , Fístula Anastomótica/epidemiologia , Fístula Anastomótica/etiologia , Fístula Anastomótica/diagnóstico , Delírio/etiologia , Delírio/complicaçõesRESUMO
Long-term results after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass for severe obesity Abstract. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) has been performed for almost 50 years, yet long-term results have only been scarcely reported. In this paper, we report results up to 15 years after gastric bypass and review the relevant literature on long-term results after this operation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Our prospective database has been reviewed for this study. A literature search via Pubmed was done, and articles reporting on 10-year results after RYGB in at least 50 patients were retrieved and analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 822 patients underwent primary RYGB in our institutions between 1999 and 2007. All are eligible for 10-year analysis, and 186 operated before 2003 for 15-year analysis. Follow-up rates after 10 and 15 years are 76 and 55 % respectively. Patients loose a mean of 12,9 BMI units after 10 years, a figure that remains unchanged after 15 years. 80 %, respectively 72 % of patients maintain a %total body weight loss of at least 20 % after 10 and 15 years. Comorbidities are markedly improved, as well as quality of life. These results compare well with those reported in the literature after this length of time. Studies from the literature also show a preventive effect of RYGB in the development of metabolic comorbidities in obese individuals submitted to RYGB. CONCLUSIONS: RYGB provides good to excellent long-term weight loss which persists up to 15 years after surgery. This is associated with markedly improved comorbidities and reduced cardiovascular risk, improved quality-of-life and reduced mortality. RYGB represents a good option for most patients who seek surgery for severe obesity.
Assuntos
Derivação Gástrica/métodos , Obesidade Mórbida , Índice de Massa Corporal , Humanos , Obesidade Mórbida/cirurgia , Estudos Prospectivos , Qualidade de Vida , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Type 2 diabetes (DM2) and obesity are chronic diseases that often coexist with considerable morbidity and mortality. Approximately 85 % of all DM2 patients have a body mass index (BMI) ranking them as overweight (BMI 2529,9 kg/m2) or obese (BMI > 30 kg/m2). Metabolic surgery is the only treatment for diabetes that results in long-term remission in 23 to 60 % of patients in the office depending on the preoperative duration of diabetes and the severity of the disease. This review presents evidence for the use of metabolic surgery (CM) as a primary treatment for DM2, potential mechanisms of its effects, and recommendations for its use in expanded patient populations.
Le diabète de type 2 (D2) et l'obésité sont des maladies chroniques qui coexistent souvent avec une morbidité et une mortalité considérables. Environ 85 % de tous les patients atteints de D2 ont un indice de masse corporelle (IMC) les classant en surpoids (IMC 2529,9 kg/m2) ou obèses (IMC > 30 kg/m2). La chirurgie métabolique est le seul traitement du diabète qui entraîne une rémission à long terme chez 23 à 60 % des patients en fonction de la durée préopératoire du diabète et de la gravité de la maladie. Cette revue présente des évidences en faveur de l'utilisation de la chirurgie métabolique (CM) comme traitement principal du D2, des mécanismes potentiels de ses effets, et des recommandations pour son utilisation dans des populations de patients élargies.