RESUMO
The vitamin D3 metabolite, 20S,23S-dihydroxyvitamin D3, was chemically synthesized for the first time and identified to be the same as the enzymatically produced metabolite. The C23 absolute configurations of both 20S,23S/R-dihydroxyvitamin D3 epimers were unambiguously assigned by NMR and Mosher ester analysis. Their kinetics of CYP27B1 metabolism were investigated during the production of their 1α-hydroxylated derivatives. Bioactivities of these products were compared in terms of vitamin D3 receptor activation, anti-inflammatory, and antiproliferative activities.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/química , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Colecalciferol/metabolismo , Di-Hidroxicolecalciferóis/farmacologia , Receptores Imunológicos/antagonistas & inibidores , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/metabolismo , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/metabolismo , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Colecalciferol/análogos & derivados , Colecalciferol/química , Di-Hidroxicolecalciferóis/química , Di-Hidroxicolecalciferóis/metabolismo , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Humanos , Modelos Moleculares , Estrutura Molecular , Receptores Imunológicos/imunologia , Estereoisomerismo , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Células Tumorais CultivadasRESUMO
Vitamin D3 (D3) can be metabolized by cytochrome P450scc (CYP11A1) into 20S-hydroxyvitamin D3 (20D3) as a major metabolite. This bioactive metabolite has shown strong antiproliferative, antifibrotic, pro-differentiation and anti-inflammatory effects while being non-toxic (non-calcemic) at high concentrations. Since D3 analogs with two symmetric side chains (Gemini analogs) result in potent activation of the vitamin D receptor (VDR), we hypothesized that the chain length and composition of these types of analogs also containing a 20-hydroxyl group would affect their biological activities. In this study, we designed and synthesized a series of Gemini 20D3 analogs. Biological tests showed that some of these analogs are partial VDR activators and can significantly stimulate the expression of mRNA for VDR and VDR-regulated genes including CYP24A1 and transient receptor potential cation channel V6 (TRPV6). These analogs inhibited the proliferation of melanoma cells with potency comparable to that of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Moreover, these analogs reduced the level of interferon γ and up-regulated the expression of leukocyte associated immunoglobulin-like receptor 1 in splenocytes, indicating that they have potent anti-inflammatory activities. There are no clear correlations between the Gemini chain length and their VDR activation or biological activities, consistent with the high flexibility of the ligand-binding pocket of the VDR.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios/síntese química , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Calcifediol/análogos & derivados , Citostáticos/síntese química , Citostáticos/farmacologia , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/química , Calcifediol/síntese química , Calcifediol/química , Calcifediol/farmacologia , Diferenciação Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Citostáticos/química , Desenho de Fármacos , Humanos , Células Jurkat , Queratinócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Queratinócitos/imunologia , Camundongos , Receptores de Calcitriol/metabolismo , Baço/citologia , Baço/efeitos dos fármacos , Baço/imunologiaRESUMO
The treatment of cancer remains one of the most challenging problems for humanity. Boron neutron capture therapy is a binary approach for cancer treatment that is particularly attractive in treating high-grade gliomas and metastatic brain tumors. Among the types of boron-containing molecules used as boron neutron capture therapy agents, boronated carbohydrate derivatives have received significant attention because of their preferential uptake by growing tumor cells. This review provides a summary of the recent developments in the chemistry of carborane-containing carbohydrates.