Conteúdo energético do leite humano administrado em recém nascidos prematuros / Energy content of human milk administered to premature newborns / Contenido energético de la leche humana administrada a recién nacidos prematuros

Objetivo: avaliar e comparar o conteúdo energético do leite humano cru e do leite humano processado de recém-nascidos pré-termo. Método: foram coletadas 68 amostras de leite por meio de ordenha manual e o processamento foi realizado no Banco de Leite Humano. O valor energético foi obtido por meio de cálculos matemáticos específicos. Resultados: foram analisadas 32 amostras de leite humano cru e 28 de leite humano pasteurizado. O percentual médio de creme foi de 3,84±1,3% e mediana de 4,5 % no leite pasteurizado, e no cru de 8,9±4,6% e 8,53%. A média e mediana do conteúdo energético do leite cru foi de 78,91±15,46 kcal/100 ml e 81,07 kcal/100 ml e no leite pasteurizado 65,18±9,67 kcal/ 100 ml e 61,8 kcal/100 ml. Conclusão: o leite humano cru possui percentual de gordura e conteúdo energético maior do que o pasteurizado, mas este ainda é recomendado devido seus benefícios protetores.

Objective: to evaluate and compare the energy content of raw human milk and processed human milk from preterm newborns. Method: 68 milk samples were collected by hand milking and processing was carried out at the Human Milk Bank. The energy value was obtained through specific mathematical calculations. Results: 32 samples of raw human milk and 28 of pasteurized human milk were analyzed. The average percentage of cream was 3.84±1.3% and a median of 4.5% in pasteurized milk, and in raw milk, 8.9±4.6% and 8.53%. The mean and median energy content of raw milk was 78.91±15.46 kcal/100 ml and 81.07 kcal/100 ml and in pasteurized milk 65.18 ± 9.67 kcal/100 ml and 61.8 kcal/100 ml. Conclusion: raw human milk has a higher percentage of fat and energy content than pasteurized milk, but it is still recommended due to its protective benefits.

Objetivo: evaluar y comparar el contenido energético de la leche humana cruda y la leche humana procesada de recién nacidos prematuros. Método: Se recolectaron 68 muestras de leche por ordeño manual y el procesamiento se realizó en el Banco de Leche Humana. El valor energético se obtuvo mediante cálculos matemáticos específicos. Resultados: se analizaron 32 muestras de leche humana cruda y 28 de leche humana pasteurizada. El porcentaje medio de nata fue 3,84±1,3% y una mediana de 4,5% en leche pasteurizada, y en leche cruda 8,9±4,6% y 8,53%. El contenido energético medio y mediano de la leche cruda fue de 78,91±15,46 kcal/100 ml y 81,07 kcal/100 ml y de la leche pasteurizada de 65,18±9,67 kcal/100 ml y 61,8 kcal/100 ml. Conclusión: la leche humana cruda tiene un mayor porcentaje de contenido graso y energético que la leche pasteurizada, pero aun así es recomendada por sus beneficios protectores.

Desfechos do tratamento de tuberculose nos casos de coinfecção por HIV na Amazônia Legal / Tuberculosis treatment outcomes in HIV coinfection cases in the Legal Amazon / Resultados del tratamiento de tuberculosis en casos de coinfección por VIH en la Amazonia Legal

Um dos grandes desafios para o controle da coinfecção de tuberculose (TB) e do vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV) é o tratamento, que, apesar de ser disponibilizado gratuitamente no Sistema Único de Saúde, apresenta baixos índices de adesão, bem como abandono do tratamento de ambas as doenças por diversos motivos, por exemplo, ausência de vínculo com os serviços de saúde, difícil ingestão dos múltiplos medicamentos e suas possíveis reações adversas, entre outros, consequentemente levando a desfechos desfavoráveis. Nesse sentido, este artigo pretende analisar os desfechos do tratamento de TB em pessoas vivendo com HIV em Rondônia, entre 2008 e 2018. Trata-se de um estudo ecológico com abordagem quantitativa, a partir do levantamento das variáveis clínicas, município de residência e notificação dos casos de coinfecção TB/HIV, com idade igual ou superior a 18 anos, residentes do estado e que não apresentassem a variável "situação de encerramento" em branco. Os dados foram analisados espacialmente no TabWin. Dos 721 casos selecionados, identificou-se baixo percentual de cura (50-84%) e elevado de abandono (6-49%), com tempo médio entre diagnóstico e tratamento de nove dias e, de tratamento, de 158 dias. Somente 25 municípios do estado notificaram casos de coinfecção, embora 34 se caracterizassem como municípios de residência. Com isso, verificam-se centralização das notificações e dificuldades nas estratégias de adesão e vínculo, tal como o tratamento diretamente observado, repercutindo nas ações de controle e, consequentemente, nos desfechos desfavoráveis para o tratamento da TB em pessoas vivendo com HIV em Rondônia.

One of the great challenges for the control of tuberculosis (TB) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infection is the treatment, which, despite being available free of charge within the scope of the Brazilian National Health System, has low adherence rates and abandonment of treatment of both diseases for various reasons, for example, lack of a bond with health services, difficulty of ingestion of the multiple medications and their possible adverse reactions, among others, which consequently leads to unfavorable outcomes. In this sense, this article aimed to analyze the outcomes of TB treatment in people living with HIV in Rondônia, between 2008 and 2018. It is an ecological study with a quantitative approach, based on a survey of the clinical variables, municipality of residence and notification of cases of TB/HIV co-infection aged 18 years or over, residents of the state, and who did not have the variable "closure status" blank. Data were spatially analyzed in TabWin. Of the 721 selected cases, a low percentage of cure (50-84%) and a high percentage for abandonment (6-49%) were identified, with a mean time between diagnosis and treatment of nine days and treatment time of 158 days. Only 25 municipalities in the state reported cases of coinfection, although 34 were characterized as the municipality of residence. Thus, there is a centralization of notifications and difficulties in adherence and bonding strategies, such as the treatment directly observed, having repercussions on control actions and, consequently, on unfavorable outcomes for TB treatment in people living with HIV in Rondônia.

Uno de los grandes desafíos para controlar la coinfección de tuberculosis (TB) y del virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) es el tratamiento, que, a pesar de ser gratuito en el ámbito del Sistema Único de Salud, presenta bajas tasas de adherencia y abandono de ambas enfermedades, por diversas razones, ya sea por la falta de vinculación con los servicios de salud y múltiples medicamentos de difícil toma y sus posibles reacciones adversas, por ejemplo, que en consecuencia conducen a desenlaces desfavorables. En ese sentido, este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar los resultados del tratamiento de la TB en personas que viven con el VIH en Rondônia (Brasil), en el periodo entre 2008 y 2018. Este es un estudio ecológico con enfoque cuantitativo, basado en la encuesta de variables clínicas, municipio de residencia y notificación de casos de infección por TB/VIH en pacientes de 18 años o más, residentes en el estado y que no tenían en blanco la variable "estado de cierre". Los datos se analizaron espacialmente en TabWin. De los 721 casos seleccionados se identificó un bajo porcentaje de curación (50-84%) y un alto porcentaje de abandono (6-49%), con un tiempo promedio entre diagnóstico y tratamiento de nueve días y, por tratamiento, de 158 días. Solamente 25 municipios del estado reportaron casos de coinfección, aunque 34 se caracterizaron como municipios de residencia. Esto demuestra haber una centralización de las notificaciones y dificultades en las estrategias de adhesión y vinculación, como el tratamiento directamente observado, teniendo repercusiones en las acciones de control y, consecuentemente, en resultados desfavorables para el tratamiento de la TB en personas que viven con VIH en Rondônia.

Atypical pathogens presenting with pulmonary consolidations detected by cell-free DNA next-generation sequencing in patients with hematologic malignancies.

Identification of pathogens with pulmonary presentation in patients with hematologic malignancies may be challenging due to diagnostic difficulty related to the underlying malignancy and limitations of conventional microbiologic methods. Herein, we present a case series of three patients with pulmonary consolidations due to Legionella bozemanae necrotizing pneumonia, Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia, and disseminated Scedosporium infection, who were diagnosed by microbial cell-free DNA next-generation sequencing. We observed that this new sequencing modality was in agreement with gold-standard diagnostics, posing a potential solution to the problem of limited capability in diagnosing infections in hematological malignancy patients.

Determinants of Severity in Cancer Patients with COVID-19 Illness.

New York State had 180,458 cases of SARS-CoV-2 and 9385 reported deaths as of April 10th, 2020. Patients with cancer comprised 8.4% of deceased individuals1. Population-based studies from China and Italy suggested a higher COVID-19 death rate in patients with cancer2,3, although there is a knowledge gap as to which aspects of cancer and its treatment confer risk of severe COVID-19 disease4. This information is critical to balance the competing safety considerations of reducing SARS-CoV-2 exposure and cancer treatment continuation. Since March 10th, 2020 Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center performed diagnostic testing for SARS-CoV-2 in symptomatic patients. Overall, 40% out of 423 patients with cancer were hospitalized for COVID-19 illness, 20% developed severe respiratory illness, including 9% that required mechanical ventilation, and 9% that died. On multivariate analysis, age ≥ 65 years and treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) within 90 days were predictors for hospitalization and severe disease, while receipt of chemotherapy within 30 days and major surgery were not. Overall, COVID-19 illness is associated with higher rates of hospitalization and severe outcomes in patients with cancer. Association between ICI and COVID-19 outcomes will need interrogation in tumor-specific cohorts.

Determinants of COVID-19 disease severity in patients with cancer.

As of 10 April 2020, New York State had 180,458 cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and 9,385 reported deaths. Patients with cancer comprised 8.4% of deceased individuals1. Population-based studies from China and Italy suggested a higher coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) death rate in patients with cancer2,3, although there is a knowledge gap as to which aspects of cancer and its treatment confer risk of severe COVID-194. This information is critical to balance the competing safety considerations of reducing SARS-CoV-2 exposure and cancer treatment continuation. From 10 March to 7 April 2020, 423 cases of symptomatic COVID-19 were diagnosed at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (from a total of 2,035 patients with cancer tested). Of these, 40% were hospitalized for COVID-19, 20% developed severe respiratory illness (including 9% who required mechanical ventilation) and 12% died within 30 d. Age older than 65 years and treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) were predictors for hospitalization and severe disease, whereas receipt of chemotherapy and major surgery were not. Overall, COVID-19 in patients with cancer is marked by substantial rates of hospitalization and severe outcomes. The association observed between ICI and COVID-19 outcomes in our study will need further interrogation in tumor-specific cohorts.

Eletroestimulação do nervo tibial posterior para tratamento da incontinência urinária após AVE / Electrical stimulation of posterior tibialis nerve for treatment of urinary incontinence after stroke

A incontinência urinária (IU) após o Acidente VascularEncefálico (AVE) é um forte preditor de recuperação funcionale retorno à participação social. Dentre os métodos utilizados parareabilitação da IU, destaca-se a estimulação elétrica do nervo tibialposterior (EENTP), pois é um método pouco invasivo e de maioraceitação, no entanto, não há evidências de sua efi cácia em pacientescom IU decorrente do AVE. Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito da EENTP notratamento de IU após AVE. Material e métodos: Participaram desteestudo quatro pacientes com IU, que foram submetidos a 12 sessõesde EENTP, duas vezes por semana, por 30 minutos, cada sessão.A variável controle miccional e qualidade de vida foram avaliadasantes e após o tratamento, por meio do diário miccional e o questionárioKing’s Health Questionnaire (KHQ), respectivamente. Paracomparação antes e após a técnica, utilizou-se o teste t Student paravariáveis pareadas e o Wilcoxon para variável micções/dia. Resultados:Quando comparados os resultados antes e após o tratamento, nãofoi evidenciada diferença estatisticamente signifi cante em nenhumadas variáveis avaliadas. Conclusão: O tratamento mostrou-se ser umaferramenta sem contra indicações, segura e de fácil utilização, sendopossível identifi car melhora do controle miccional e qualidade devida, embora não estatisticamente signifi cante...

Urinary incontinence (UI) after stroke is a strongpredictor of functional recovery and return to social participation.Among the methods used for rehabilitation of the UI, there isthe posterior tibial nerve stimulation, because it is a little invasiveand widely accepted, however, there is no evidence of its effi cacyin patients with urinary incontinence after stroke. Objective: Toevaluate the eff ect of the posterior tibial nerve electrical stimulation(PTNES) therapy on UI after a stroke. Methods: Th e study includedfour patients with UI who underwent 12 sessions of PTNES twicea week for 30 minutes per session. Th e variable control voiding andquality of life were assessed before and after the treatment, throughthe micturition diary and King’s Health Questionnaire KHQ,respectively. To compare before and after the technique, we usedthe Student t Test for paired variables and the Wilcoxon test forvariable micturition/day. Results: Comparing the results before andafter treatment, no statistically signifi cant diff erence was observed.Conclusion: Th e treatment proved to be a tool without contraindications,safe and easy utilization, and it was possible to identifyimprovement in bladder control and quality of life, although notstatistically signifi cant...