European aerosol phenomenology - 8: Harmonised source apportionment of organic aerosol using 22 Year-long ACSM/AMS datasets.

Organic aerosol (OA) is a key component of total submicron particulate matter (PM1), and comprehensive knowledge of OA sources across Europe is crucial to mitigate PM1 levels. Europe has a well-established air quality research infrastructure from which yearlong datasets using 21 aerosol chemical speciation monitors (ACSMs) and 1 aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) were gathered during 2013-2019. It includes 9 non-urban and 13 urban sites. This study developed a state-of-the-art source apportionment protocol to analyse long-term OA mass spectrum data by applying the most advanced source apportionment strategies (i.e., rolling PMF, ME-2, and bootstrap). This harmonised protocol was followed strictly for all 22 datasets, making the source apportionment results more comparable. In addition, it enables quantification of the most common OA components such as hydrocarbon-like OA (HOA), biomass burning OA (BBOA), cooking-like OA (COA), more oxidised-oxygenated OA (MO-OOA), and less oxidised-oxygenated OA (LO-OOA). Other components such as coal combustion OA (CCOA), solid fuel OA (SFOA: mainly mixture of coal and peat combustion), cigarette smoke OA (CSOA), sea salt (mostly inorganic but part of the OA mass spectrum), coffee OA, and ship industry OA could also be separated at a few specific sites. Oxygenated OA (OOA) components make up most of the submicron OA mass (average = 71.1%, range from 43.7 to 100%). Solid fuel combustion-related OA components (i.e., BBOA, CCOA, and SFOA) are still considerable with in total 16.0% yearly contribution to the OA, yet mainly during winter months (21.4%). Overall, this comprehensive protocol works effectively across all sites governed by different sources and generates robust and consistent source apportionment results. Our work presents a comprehensive overview of OA sources in Europe with a unique combination of high time resolution (30-240 min) and long-term data coverage (9-36 months), providing essential information to improve/validate air quality, health impact, and climate models.

Gold, Silver, and Iron Oxide Nanoparticle Incorporation into Silk Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications: Elaboration, Structure, and Properties.

Silk fibroin (SF) is a versatile material with biodegradable and biocompatible properties, which make it fit for broad biomedical applications. In this context, the incorporation of nanosized objects into SF allows the development of a variety of bionanocomposites with tailored properties and functions. Herein, we report a thorough investigation on the design, characterization, and biological evaluation of SF hydrogels incorporating gold, silver, or iron oxide nanoparticles. The latter are synthesized in aqueous media using a biocompatible ligand allowing their utilization in various biomedical applications. This ligand seems to play a pivotal role in nanoparticle dispersion within the hydrogel. Results show that the incorporation of nanoparticles does not greatly influence the mechanism of SF gelation and has a minor impact on the mechanical properties of the so-obtained bionanocomposites. By contrast, significant changes are observed in the swelling behavior of these materials, depending on the nanoparticle used. Interestingly, the main characteristics of these bionanocomposites, related to their potential use for biomedical purposes, show the successful input of nanoparticles, including antibacterial properties for gold and silver nanoparticles and magnetic properties for iron oxide ones.

Factores de riesgo nutricionales y culturales asociados a anemia en mujeres embarazadas en Somotillo / Nutritional and cultural risk factors associated with anemia in pregnant women in Somotillo / Fatores de risco nutricionais e culturais associados à anemia em mulheres grávidas em Somotillo

Objetivo: identificar los factores de riesgo nutricional y culturales asociados a anemia en mujeres embarazadas en Somotillo. Método: estudio de casos y controles anidados, con mujeres embarazadas entre agosto y noviembre de 2016 en centros de salud cabecera. Los factores se identificaron mediante el cálculo de odds ratio a través del programa estadístico SPSS versión 22. Resultados: la mayoría de las embarazadas se encuentran entre 14 a 24 años, con estado civil de unión libre, nivel académico universitario, en la ocupación amas de casa, con religión católica y procedencia urbana, con antecedente preconcepcional del IMC mayor de 23. Conclusión: se concluyó que de las variables nutricionales que se comportaron como factor de riesgo fue el no consumir los suplementos de ácido fólico y hierro, y de la variable de los factores culturales que se comportó como factor de riesgo fue el inapropiado consumo de tacos, pozol, chicha de maíz como alimentos de costumbre.

Objective: to identify nutritional and cultural risk factors associated with anemia in pregnant women in Somotillo. Method: study of nested cases and controls, with pregnant women between August and November of 2016 in health centers. Factors were identified by the calculation of odds ratio through the statistical program SPSS version 22. Results: the majority of pregnant women are between 14 and 24 years of age, with a marital status of free union, university academic level, occupation of housewives, with catholic religion and urban origin, with a preconceptional antecedent of the BMI greater than 23. Conclusion: it was concluded that of the nutritional variables that behaved as a risk factor was not to take supplements of folic acid and iron, and the variable of cultural factors that behaved as a risk factor was the inappropriate consumption of tacos, pozol, Corn chicha as usual food.

Objetivo: identificar os fatores de risco nutricional e culturais associados à anemia em mulheres grávidas em Somotillo. Método: estudo de caso-controle aninhado, com mulheres grávidas entre agosto e novembro de 2016, no centros primários de saúde. Os fatores foram identificados calculando odds ratio através SPSS 22. Resultados: a maioria das mulheres grávidas estão entre 14 e 24 anos, com estado civil de união livre, em nível acadêmico da universidade, na casa de ocupação amor com a religião católica e origem urbana, com a história de preconceito de IMC maior que 23. Conclusão: concluiu-se que as variáveis nutricionais que se comportaram como fator de risco foi o não consumo dos suplementos de ácido fólico e ferro, e da variável dos fatores culturais que se comportaram como um fator de risco foi o inapropriado consumo de tacos, pozol, chicha de milho como alimentos de costume.

Tratamento atípico da biprotrusão dentoalveolar / Atipical treatment of dentoalveolar biprotrusion ­ a case report

A biprotrusão dentoalveolar é caracterizada pelo posicionamento mais anterior dos incisivos superiores e inferiores, o que traz como consequência um selamento labial deficiente e um perfil convexo, comprometendo a estética facial do paciente e fazendo com que este busque no tratamento ortodôntico a sua correção. O plano de tratamento destes casos, na sua maioria, envolve a realização de extrações, porém, quando já previamente ao tratamento o paciente apresenta ausências dentárias, o planejamento é simplificado, já que a retração anterior necessária pode ser direcionada para estes espaços sem que haja necessidade de extrações nestas regiões. O objetivo deste trabalho foi apresentar um caso clínico que promoveu a correção da biprotrusão e, consequentemente, da estética do sorriso e facial da paciente, através da realização da exodontia de apenas dois primeiros pré-molares superiores e retração anteroinferior redirecionada para os espaços já existentes, em consequência da perda do molar inferior esquerdo e devido à agenesia do incisivo lateral inferior direito. Além disso, no controle de sete anos pós-tratamento, observou-se estabilidade oclusal e manutenção da estética facial.

Dental biprotrusion is characterized by greater buccal tipping of the upper and lower incisors, rendering poor lip closure and convex profile, compromising the patient's facial esthetics and making him/her to seek orthodontic treatment for correction. In these cases the treatment plan, mostly involves performing extractions, but when already prior to treatment the patient has missing teeth, the treatment plan becomes simplified, since the anterior retraction required might be directed to these areas with no need for removal. The goal of this study is to show a case that promoted the correction of biprotrusion and consequently the patient smile and facial esthetics by performing the extraction of only two first maxillary premolars and anterior retraction redirected for the existing spaces as a result of the mandibular left molar loss and due to agenesis of the right lateral incisor. In addition, the 7-year follow-up control demonstrated occlusal stability and maintenance of the facial esthetics.

Mordida cruzada posterior invertida – tratamento em paciente adulto / Reverse posterior crossbite: treatment of an adult patient

A mordida cruzada posterior invertida, também conhecida como “Síndrome de Brodie” ou “mordida em tesoura”, caracteriza-se pela relação transversal posterior acentuada, com excesso de vestibularização dos molares superiores e/ou excesso de lingualização dos molares inferiores, uni ou bilateralmente. Este tipo de má oclusão pode ser corrigido com tratamento ortodôntico, cirúrgico ou de uma maneira combinada, dependendo de sua origem: dentoalveolar ou esquelética e da fase em que se realiza o tratamento. A terapia ortodôntica geralmente relaciona-se à utilização de elásticos interarcos cruzados, necessitando de muita colaboração por parte dos pacientes quanto ao uso. E a terapia cirúrgica nem sempre é aceita pelo paciente. Deste modo, este trabalho apresenta uma abordagem simples e eficaz de tratamento ortodôntico da mordida cruzada posterior invertida em um paciente adulto, que possibilitou não só a correção da mordida cruzada posterior invertida como também a melhora da simetria facial.

The reversed posterior crossbite, also known as “Brodie Syndrome” or scissors-bite”, is characterized by posterior transverse relationship with excessive buccal tipping of maxillary molars and / or excessive lingual tipping of mandibular molars, unilaterally or bilaterally. These malocclusions can be corrected with orthodontic treatment, surgery or a combined manner, depending on their etiology: dentoalveolar or skeletal, and the stage at which treatment takes place. The orthodontic treatment generally relates to the use of interarch cross elastic, requiring a lot of cooperation from patients about the use of elastics, and patients often refuse a surgical therapy. Thus, this paper presents a simple and effective approach to orthodontic treatment of reversed posterior crossbite in an adult patient, which allowed not only the correction of reversed posterior crossbite as well as the improvement of facial symmetry.