Analysis of physical traits, clinical parameters, and energy metabolism of in vivo- and in vitro-derived Flemish newborn calves during the first day of life.

Studies investigating physiological deviations from normality in newborn calves derived from in vitro fertilization procedures remain important for the understanding of factors that reduce calf survival after birth. The aim of this study was to investigate parameters affecting health and welfare of newborn Flemish calves derived from in vitro embryo production (IVP) in the first hours of life in comparison to in vivo-derived calves. Physical traits of newborn calves and fetal membranes (FM) were recorded soon after birth. Newborn venous blood samples were collected at several time points within the first 24 h of life for analyses of energy substrates, electrolytes, blood gases, acid-base balance, blood chemistry, and haematology. A liver biopsy was taken within the first hour after birth for analysis of gene expression of key enzymes of the fructolytic and glycolytic pathways. Newborn IVP calves were heavier and larger at birth, which was associated with heavier FM. At several time points during the first 24 h of life, IVP-derived calves had altered rectal temperature, blood gases, electrolyte concentrations, blood parameters for liver, kidney and muscle function, and acid-base balance, plasma lipid metabolism, and hemogram parameters. The relative mRNA abundances for triokinase and lactate dehydrogenase-B were greater in IVP calves. In summary, IVP-derived newborn calves were at higher risk of clinical problems after birth, which was markedly greater in heavier and larger calves. Such animals take longer to adapt to extrauterine life and should receive a special attention during the immediate neonatal period.

Kinins: Locally formed peptides during inflammation with potential use in tissue regeneration.

Kinins are a set of peptides present in tissues and involved in cardiovascular regulation, inflammation, and pain. Here, we briefly comment on recent key findings on the use of kinins in regenerative medicine.

Ganhos e Perdas na Aposentadoria e a Intenção de Empreender de Servidores do Judiciário / Gains and Losses on Retirement and Entrepreneurial Intention on Labor Court Civil Servants / Ganancias y Pérdidas en Jubilación e Intención Empresarial en Servidores del Poder Judicial del Trabajo

Este estudo objetivou identificar possíveis efeitos das atitudes em relação à aposentadoria e intenção de empreender. Participaram da pesquisa 162 servidores públicos do judiciário trabalhista, que responderem a um questionário on-line autoaplicável com escalas sobre intenção de empreender, perdas e ganhos na aposentadoria e potencial empreendedor. Um modelo de regressão múltipla hierárquica stepwise foi proposto para seleção do modelo inicial. Testes de mediação foram utilizados para testar as seguintes hipóteses: H1 - os ganhos percebidos frente a um novo começo na aposentadoria exerceriam influência positiva na intenção empreendedora; H2 - as perdas percebidas quanto aos aspectos tangíveis do trabalho exerceriam influência positiva na intenção empreendedora; H3 - Maiores níveis de oportunidade para empreender predizem maiores níveis de intenção empreendedora; e H4 - a oportunidade para empreender funcionaria como variável mediadora entre os ganhos percebidos de um novo começo e as perdas percebidas dos aspectos tangíveis do trabalho em relação ao desfecho da intenção empreendedora. Os resultados estatísticos foram satisfatórios para a amostra, corroborando as quatro hipóteses mencionadas. As atitudes positivas ou negativas sobre a aposentadoria possuem efeito sobre a intenção de empreender, sendo a oportunidade para empreender um mecanismo importante para este efeito.

This study aimed to identify possible effects of attitudes concerning to retirement and the willing to undertake. There were 162 civil servants of the labor court offices who answered a self-administered online survey with scales about the willing to undertake, losses and gains in retirement, and entrepreneurial potential. A stepwise hierarchical multiple regression model was proposed for the first model selection. Mediation tests were used to validate the following hypotheses: H1 - Perceived gains from a new start in retirement would make a positive influence on entrepreneurial intention; H2 - the perceived losses regarding to the concrete aspects of the work would make a positive influence on the entrepreneurial intention; H3 - Higher levels of opportunity for entrepreneurship predict higher levels of entrepreneurial intention and H4 - the opportunity to undertake would work as a mediating variable between the perceived gains of a new beginning and the perceived losses concerning to the concrete aspects of the work in relation to the entrepreneurial intention outcome. Statistical results were satisfactory for the sample, and therefore it validates the four hypotheses mentioned above. Positive or negative attitudes about retirement influence the intention to entrepreneur. The opportunity for entrepreneurship plays an important role to realize it.

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar los posibles efectos de las actitudes hacia la jubilación y la intención de emprender. En la encuesta participaron un total de 162 funcionarios de la justicia laboral, quienes respondieron un cuestionario autoadministrado en línea con baremos sobre intención de emprender, pérdidas y ganancias en la jubilación y potencial emprendedor. Se propuso un modelo de regresión múltiple jerárquico por pasos para la selección del modelo inicial. Se utilizaron pruebas de mediación para probar las siguientes hipótesis: H1: las ganancias percibidas de un nuevo comienzo en la jubilación ejercerían una influencia positiva en la intención empresarial; H2 - las pérdidas percibidas respecto a los aspectos tangibles del trabajo ejercerían una influencia positiva en la intención emprendedora; H3 - Mayores niveles de oportunidad para emprender predicen mayores niveles de intención emprendedora y H4 - la oportunidad de emprender funcionaría como variable mediadora entre las ganancias percibidas de un nuevo comienzo, las pérdidas percibidas de los aspectos tangibles del trabajo en relación con el resultado de la intención emprendedora. Los resultados estadísticos fueron satisfactorios para la muestra, corroborando las cuatro hipótesis mencionadas. Las actitudes positivas o negativas sobre la jubilación tienen un efecto sobre la intención de emprender, siendo la oportunidad de emprender un mecanismo importante para este efecto.

Freeze-dried Platelet-rich Plasma and Stem Cell-conditioned Medium for Therapeutic Use in Horses.

This study investigated platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and adipose stem cell-conditioned medium (ASC-CM) use as a strategy to accelerate tissue healing. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were quantified in fresh and freeze-dried PRP and ASC-CM, and a stability test was performed in the freeze-dried samples (90 and 180 days of storage). A cell proliferation test was performed using equine mesenchymal stem cell culture in reconstituted PRP gel mesh after freeze-drying. In vivo PRP, ASC-CM applications, or their association were performed in induced wounds at 15 and 9-day intervals, according to the treatments: saline solution (control), PRP, ASC-CM, or ASC-CM + PRP. Horses were monitored through photographs and wound area measurements on days 5, 7, 15, and 24 after lesion induction. Skin biopsies were obtained on days 15 and 24 of the experiment. PDGF and VEGF quantification did not differ between fresh or freeze-dried treatments, was similar after freeze-drying or 90 days of storage, but showed a significant reduction after 180 days of storage. Comparing all treatments, no differences were observed in the histopathological analyses. For inflammation, fibroplasia, and collagen formation, only the time effect between the first and second biopsies was significant. The cell proliferation test revealed intense multiplication in the PRP gel mesh. Healing time was similar among all treatments. In conclusion, our results showed the possibility to produce and maintain freeze-dried PRP and ASC-CM for 90 days. Further studies are needed to better explore the in vivo therapeutic PRP and ASC-CM effects.

Estigma de cortesia e condições de saúde: revisão sistemática de literatura / Estigma de cortesía y condiciones de salud: revisión sistemática de la literatura / Courtesy stigma and health conditions: systematic literature review

RESUMO A literatura científica aponta consistentemente que grupos historicamente alvos de estigma social experimentam efeitos deletérios, em diversas esferas da vida. A despeito da sua gravidade e pervasividade, ainda existem lacunas na investigação do tema, tais como aquela voltada para o Estigma de Cortesia, que é vivenciado por pessoas que possuem vínculos afetivos ou profissionais com o indivíduo estigmatizado. O presente artigo teve como objetivo apresentar o estado da arte sobre estigma de cortesia, por meio de uma revisão sistemática de estudos empíricos originais publicados em periódicos revisados por pares e indexados nas principais bases relacionadas ao campo de investigação (PsycNET (APA), Pubmed, Bvs Brasil, Periódicos CAPES, SciELO e Pepsic). Como palavras-chave, para a busca dos resumos, utilizou-se: estigma de cortesia, estigma de afiliação e estigma de associação. Ao todo, 94 textos completos atenderam aos critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Os estudos apontaram que o estigma de cortesia tem sido investigado predominantemente entre familiares de pessoas que possuem algum tipo de problema relacionado com sua saúde mental, além de pais de crianças com algum tipo de deficiência.

RESUMEN La literatura científica señala constantemente que los grupos históricamente afectados por el estigma social experimentan efectos nocivos en diferentes ámbitos de la vida. A pesar de su gravedad y omnipresencia, todavía hay vacíos en la investigación del tema, como el centrado en el estigma de cortesía, que experimentan las personas que tienen vínculos afectivos o profesionales con el individuo estigmatizado. Este artículo tuvo como objetivo presentar el estado del arte sobre el estigma de cortesía a través de una revisión sistemática de estudios empíricos originales publicados en revistas revisadas por pares e indexados en las principales bases de datos relacionadas con el campo de investigación (PsycNET (APA), Pubmed, Bvs Brasil, CAPES, SciELO y revistas Pepsic). Como palabras clave para la búsqueda de resúmenes, utilizamos: estigma de cortesía, estigma de afiliación y estigma de asociación. En total, 94 textos completos cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Los estudios han demostrado que el estigma de cortesía se ha investigado principalmente entre miembros de la familia de personas que tienen algún tipo de problema relacionado con su salud mental, además de los padres de niños con algún tipo de discapacidad.

ABSTRACT The scientific literature consistently points out that groups historically targeted by social stigma experience deleterious effects in different spheres of life. Despite its gravity and pervasiveness, there are still gaps in the investigation of the topic, such as that focused on the Courtesy Stigma, which is experienced by people who have affective or professional ties with the stigmatized individual. This article aimed to present the state of the art on Courtesy Stigma through a systematic review of original empirical studies published in peer-reviewed journals and indexed in the main databases related to the research field (PsycNET (APA), Pubmed, Bvs Brasil, CAPES, SciELO, and Pepsic journals). As keywords for the search for abstracts, we used: courtesy stigma, affiliate stigma and associative stigma. Altogether, 94 complete texts met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Studies have shown that the Courtesy Stigma has been investigated predominantly among family members of people who have some type of problem related to their mental health, in addition to parents of children with some type of disability.

Similar hypothyroid and sepsis circulating mRNA expression could be useful as a biomarker in nonthyroidal illness syndrome: a pilot study

ABSTRACT Objective: Based on hypothetical hypothyroidism and nonthyroidal illness syndrome (NTIS) gene expression similarities, we decided to compare the patterns of expression of both as models of NTIS. The concordant profile between them may enlighten new biomarkers for NTIS challenging scenarios. Materials and methods: We used Ion Proton System next-generation sequencing to build the hypothyroidism transcriptome. We selected two databanks in GEO2 platform datasets to find the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in adults and children with sepsis. The ROC curve was constructed to calculate the area under the curve (AUC). The AUC, chi-square, sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, kappa and likelihood were calculated. We performed Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier analyses for the survival analysis. Results: Concerning hypothyroidism DEGs, 70.42% were shared with sepsis survivors and 61.94% with sepsis nonsurvivors. Some of them were mitochondrial gene types (mitGenes), and 95 and 88 were related to sepsis survivors and nonsurvivors, respectively. BLOC1S1, ROMO1, SLIRP and TIMM8B mitGenes showed the capability to distinguish sepsis survivors and nonsurvivors. Conclusion: We matched our hypothyroidism DEGs with those in adults and children with sepsis. Additionally, we observed different patterns of hypothyroid-related genes among sepsis survivors and nonsurvivors. Finally, we demonstrated that ROMO1, SLIRP and TIMM8B could be predictive biomarkers in children's sepsis.

Vulnerabilidade ao HIV entre usuários de CAPSad: crenças e comportamentos em saúde / HIV vulnerability among CAPSad users: relationship between beliefs and health behaviors / Vulnerabilidad al VIH entre usuarios de CAPSad: creencias y comportamientos en salud

O abuso de álcool e outras drogas é uma importante questão de saúde mental para a população adulta e adolescente. Entre os eventos associados a esse abuso, encontra-se elevada vulnerabilidade ao HIV. O presente estudo buscou avaliar, em usuários de substâncias, a relação entre: gravidade percebida do HIV, autoeficácia para uso de preservativo e vulnerabilidade ao HIV. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, quanti-qualitativo, com usuários de um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial para Álcool e Outras Drogas (CAPSad) no Brasil. Os resultados indicam não haver associação significativa entre gravidade percebida do HIV e vulnerabilidade ao HIV (ρ de Spearman de -0,109 e valor-p de 0,507). Contudo, foi identifi-cada uma associação negativa marginalmente significativa entre autoeficácia para uso de preservativo e vulnerabilidade ao HIV (ρ de Spearman de -0,302 and valor-p de 0,061). Neste artigo, discutimos o estigma relacionado ao HIV/aids e realizamos uma crítica a intervenções baseadas no medo, recomen-dando contra seu uso. Em contrapartida, são propostas estratégias para o desenvolvimento da autoe-ficácia, de modo a fortalecer a autonomia dos usuários de CAPSad.

The abuse of alcohol and other drugs is an important mental health issue in the adult and adolescent population. Along with other concerns, substance use can be associated with a higher vulnerability to HIV infection. This study aimed to assess the relationship between three variables in substance users: HIV perceived severity, condom use self-efficacy, and HIV vulnerability. This was a cross-sectional, quanti-qualitative study on outpatients from a Psychosocial Care Center for Alcohol and Other Drugs (CAPSad) in Brazil. Our findings indicate no significant association between HIV perceived severity and HIV vulnerability (Spearman's ρ of -0.109 and p-value of 0.507), and a marginally significant negative association between condom use self-efficacy and HIV vulnerability (Spearman's ρ of -0.302 and p-value of 0.061). In this paper, we discuss the stigma related to HIV/aids and criticize fear-based preventive interventions, recommending against them. On the other hand, we propose strategies for self-efficacy development, aiming to strengthen the autonomy of CAPSad users.

El abuso de alcohol y otras drogas es un importante problema de salud mental para la población adulta y adolescente. Entre los eventos de salud a ele asociados, se encuentra elevada vulnerabilidad a infección por VIH. El estudio buscó evaluar la relación entre: gravedad percibida del VIH, autoeficacia para el uso del condón y vulnerabilidad a el VIH. Este es un estudio transversal, cuanti-cualitative, con usuarios de un Centro de Atención Psicosocial para el Alcohol y Otras Drogas (CAPSad) en Brasil. Los hallazgos indican ausencia de asociación entre gravedad percibida del VIH y vulnerabilidad a el VIH (ρ de Spearman de -0,109 y valor-p de 0,507); y una asociación negativa marginalmente significativa entre esta última variable y autoeficacia para el uso de condón (ρ de Spearman de -0,302 y valor-p de 0,061). En este trabajo discutimos el estigma relacionado con el VIH/sida y criticamos las intervenciones basadas en el miedo, recomendando contra su uso. Por otro lado, se proponen estrategias para el desarrollo de la autoeficacia, con el fin de fortalecer la autonomía de los usuarios del CAPSad.

Mensuração do Estigma de Cortesia: Revisão Sistemática de Literatura / Measurement of courtesy stigma: Systematic literature review / MEDICIÓN DEL ESTIGMA DE CORTESÍA: REVISIÓN SISTEMÁTICA DE LA LITERATURA

This article aimed to conduct a literature review regarding the instruments used to measure the stigma of courtesy, in the databases related to the field of investigation (PsychNET, PubMed, Virtual Health Library Brazil ­ Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde [BVS] Brasil, Capes Publications Portal, Scientific Electronic Library Online [SciELO], and Electronic Journals in Psychology ­ Periódicos Eletrônicos em Psicologia [PePSIC]), using the descriptors courtesy stigma, affiliate stigma, and associative stigma. Five hundred and six-ty-four articles were retrieved, and, after the exclusion criteria were evaluated, ten were selected. Positive correlations were noted between courtesy stigma and depression, anxiety, caregiver burden, burnout, awareness of public devaluation, and awareness of stigma. Quality of life, social support, self-esteem, quality of care, and social desirability presented negative correlations with the construct studied.

O presente artigo teve como objetivo realizar uma revisão de literatura a respeito dos instrumentos utili-zados para mensurar estigma de cortesia, nas bases de dados relacionadas ao campo de investigação (PsychNET, PubMed, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde [BVS] Brasil, Periódicos Capes, Scientific Electronic Li-brary Online [SciELO] e Periódicos Eletrônicos em Psicologia [PePSIC]), utilizando-se os descritores cour-tesy stigma, affiliate stigma e associative stigma. Recuperaram-se 564 artigos e, após serem avaliados os critérios de exclusão, dez foram selecionados. Notaram-se correlações positivas entre estigma de cortesia e depressão, ansiedade, carga do cuidador, burnout, consciência da desvalorização pública e consciência do estigma. Qualidade de vida, suporte social, autoestima, qualidade do cuidado e desejabilidade social apre-sentaram correlações negativas com o constructo estudado.

Este artículo tuvo como objetivo realizar una revisión de la literatura sobre los instrumentos utilizados para medir el estigma de cortesía en las bases de datos relacionadas con el campo de investigación (Psy-chNET, PubMed, Biblioteca Virtual en Salud Brasil ­ Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde [BVS] Brasil, Periódicos Capes, Scientific Electronic Library Online [SciELO] y Periódicos Electrónicos en Psicología ­ Periódicos Eletrônicos em Psicologia [PePSIC]), utilizando los descriptores courtesy stigma, affiliate stigma y associative stigma. Se recuperaron 564 artículos y, una vez evaluados los criterios de exclusión, se seleccionaron diez. Se observaron correlaciones positivas entre el estigma de cortesía y la depresión, la ansiedad, la carga del cuidador, el agotamiento, la conciencia de la devaluación pública y la conciencia del estigma. Calidad de vida, apoyo social, autoestima, calidad de la atención y deseabilidad social mostraron correlaciones nega-tivas con el constructo estudiado.

Person-organization fit and turnover intentions: organizational trust as a moderator / Compatibilidade indivíduo-organização e intenção de rotatividade: moderação da confiança na organização / Compatibilidad individuo-organización y la intención de salida: moderación de la confianza en la organización

This study examined the relationship between person-organization fit and turnover intentions, along with the moderating effect of organizational trust. The sample consisted of 381 workers of both genders (61% female) and average age of 39.23, who answered the on-line versions of organizational values, organizational trust and turnover intention measures. The results showed that the higher the person-organization fit related to conservatism and harmony values, the lower the turnover intention. Trust in the organization's ethical standards moderated the relationship between person-organization fit related to dominance and autonomy values and turnover intention. It was concluded that a reduced trust in the organization's ethical standards contributes to accentuate the negative relation between person-organization fit associated with such values and turnover intention. (AU)

O estudo investigou a relação da compatibilidade indivíduo-organização com a intenção de rotatividade, e o efeito moderador da confiança do empregado na organização. A amostra compôs-se de 381 trabalhadores de ambos os sexos (61% do sexo feminino), com idade média de 39,23 anos, que responderam às versões on-line de medidas de valores organizacionais, de confiança do empregado na organização e de intenção de rotatividade. Os resultados indicaram que quanto maior a compatibilidade entre o indivíduo e a organização, relacionada aos valores de conservadorismo e harmonia, menor a intenção de rotatividade. A confiança nos padrões éticos da organização moderou a relação da compatibilidade indivíduo-organização associada aos valores de autonomia e de domínio com a intenção de rotatividade. Concluiu-se que a baixa confiança nos padrões éticos da organização contribui para acentuar a relação negativa entre a compatibilidade associada a tais valores e a intenção de rotatividade. (AU)

El estudio examinó la relación entre la compatibilidad individuo-organización e la intención de salida, moderada por la confianza en la organización. La muestra fue compuesta por 381 trabajadores de ambos sexos (61% sexo femenino) con edad media de 39,23 años. Los participantes respondieron a la versión online de los instrumentos de valores organizacionales, confianza del empleado en la organización e intención de salida. Los resultados indicaron que cuanto mayor es la compatibilidad individuo-organización en lo que se refiere a valores de conservadurismo y armonía, menor es la intención de rotatividad. La confianza en los patrones éticos de la organización moderó la relación de la compatibilidad individuo-organización asociada a los valores de autonomía y dominio y la intención de rotatividad. Se concluyó que la baja confianza en los patrones éticos de la organización contribuye a acentuar la relación negativa entre la compatibilidad asociada a tales valores y la intención de rotatividad. (AU)

Expression and characterization of a novel single-chain anti-vascular endothelial growth factor antibody in the goat milk.

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has essential functions in angiogenesis, endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and tumor invasion. Different approaches have been developed to suppress tumor angiogenesis, which is considered a hallmark of cancer. Anti-VEGF monoclonal antibodies constitute an important strategy for cancer immunotherapy, which has been produced on several platforms. In this study, a novel single-chain anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody (scVEGFmAb) was produced in the goat mammary gland by adenoviral transduction. scVEGFmAb was purified by affinity chromatography. N-glycans were analyzed by exoglycosidase digestion and hydrophilic interaction ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The biological activity of scVEGFmAb was assessed by scratch and mouse aortic ring assays. scVEGFmAb was produced at 0.61 g/L in the goat milk, and its purification rendered 95 % purity. N-glycans attached to scVEGFmAb backbone were mainly neutral biantennary core fucosylated with Galß1,4GlcNAc motif, and charged structures were capped with Neu5Ac and Neu5Gc. The chimeric molecule significantly prevented cell migration and suppressed microvessel sprouting. These results demonstrated for the first time the feasibility of producing an anti-VEGF therapeutic antibody in the milk of non-transgenic goats with the potential to counteract tumor angiogenesis.

In-vitro production and pre-validation of lyophilized canine platelet-rich plasma for therapeutic use / Produção e validação de plasma rico em plaquetas canino liofilizado para fins de utilização terapêutica

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been considered a promising therapeutic alternative, since platelets are rich in growth factors that are used in the Regenerative Medicine field. However, fresh PRP cannot be stored for long periods. This study aimed to develop a protocol for obtaining lyophilized canine PRP capable of maintaining viability after its reconstitution. For that purpose, canine PRP extraction and lyophilization protocols were initially tested. Subsequently, assays were carried out to quantify the growth factors VEGF and TGF-β, before and after the lyophilization process, gelation test and the three-dimensional gel structure analysis of the reconstituted lyophilized PRP by electron microscopy, as well as in vitro cell proliferation test in lyophilized PRP gel. Additionally, the immunogenicity test was performed, using allogeneic samples of lyophilized PRP. The results showed that the lyophilized PRP had adequate therapeutic concentrations of growth factors VEGF and TGF-β (9.1pg/mL and 6161.6pg/mL, respectively). The reconstituted PRP gel after lyophilization showed an in vitro durability of 10 days. Its electron microscopy structure was similar to that of fresh PRP. In the cell proliferation test, an intense division process was verified in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) through the three-dimensional mesh structure of the lyophilized PRP gel. The immunogenicity test showed no evidence of an immune reaction. The findings were promising, suggesting the possibility of having a lyophilized canine PRP that can be marketed. New in vivo and in vitro studies must be carried out for therapeutic confirmation.(AU)

O plasma rico em plaquetas (PRP) é uma alternativa terapêutica promissora, pois as plaquetas são ricas em fatores de crescimento com ação na regeneração de tecidos. No entanto, o PRP fresco não pode ser armazenado por longos períodos. Esse trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver um protocolo de obtenção de PRP liofilizado canino capaz de manter a viabilidade pós reconstituição. Portanto, foram testados diversos protocolos de extração e liofilização. Para validação do PRP canino liofilizado foi analisada a concentração dos fatores de crescimento VEGF e TGF-β antes e após o processo de liofilização, a estrutura tridimensional do PRP liofilizado reconstituído em forma de gel por microscopia eletrônica e seu efeito in vitro na proliferação de células-tronco mesenquimais. Os resultados demonstraram que o PRP liofilizado apresentou concentrações terapêuticas adequadas dos fatores de crescimento VEGF e TGF- β (9,1pg/ml e 6161,6pg/ml, respectivamente). O gel de PRP reconstituído após liofilização apresentou uma durabilidade in vitro de 10 dias, sua estrutura tridimensional mostrou-se semelhante ao PRP fresco e proporcionou intensa proliferação de células-tronco mesenquimais durante o cultivo. O teste de imunogenicidade não demonstrou evidências de reação imune. Os achados foram promissores, sugerindo a possibilidade de uso de PRP canino liofilizado para o mercado. Novos estudos in vivo e in vitro deverão ser conduzidos para comprovação terapêutica.(AU)

In-vitro production and pre-validation of lyophilized canine platelet-rich plasma for therapeutic use

ABSTRACT: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been considered a promising therapeutic alternative, since platelets are rich in growth factors that are used in the Regenerative Medicine field. However, fresh PRP cannot be stored for long periods. This study aimed to develop a protocol for obtaining lyophilized canine PRP capable of maintaining viability after its reconstitution. For that purpose, canine PRP extraction and lyophilization protocols were initially tested. Subsequently, assays were carried out to quantify the growth factors VEGF and TGF-, before and after the lyophilization process, gelation test and the three-dimensional gel structure analysis of the reconstituted lyophilized PRP by electron microscopy, as well as in vitro cell proliferation test in lyophilized PRP gel. Additionally, the immunogenicity test was performed, using allogeneic samples of lyophilized PRP. The results showed that the lyophilized PRP had adequate therapeutic concentrations of growth factors VEGF and TGF- (9.1pg/mL and 6161.6pg/mL, respectively). The reconstituted PRP gel after lyophilization showed an in vitro durability of 10 days. Its electron microscopy structure was similar to that of fresh PRP. In the cell proliferation test, an intense division process was verified in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) through the three-dimensional mesh structure of the lyophilized PRP gel. The immunogenicity test showed no evidence of an immune reaction. The findings were promising, suggesting the possibility of having a lyophilized canine PRP that can be marketed. New in vivo and in vitro studies must be carried out for therapeutic confirmation.

RESUMO: O plasma rico em plaquetas (PRP) é uma alternativa terapêutica promissora, pois as plaquetas são ricas em fatores de crescimento com ação na regeneração de tecidos. No entanto, o PRP fresco não pode ser armazenado por longos períodos. Esse trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver um protocolo de obtenção de PRP liofilizado canino capaz de manter a viabilidade pós reconstituição. Portanto, foram testados diversos protocolos de extração e liofilização. Para validação do PRP canino liofilizado foi analisada a concentração dos fatores de crescimento VEGF e TGF- antes e após o processo de liofilização, a estrutura tridimensional do PRP liofilizado reconstituído em forma de gel por microscopia eletrônica e seu efeito in vitro na proliferação de células-tronco mesenquimais. Os resultados demonstraram que o PRP liofilizado apresentou concentrações terapêuticas adequadas dos fatores de crescimento VEGF e TGF- (9,1pg/ml e 6161,6pg/ml, respectivamente). O gel de PRP reconstituído após liofilização apresentou uma durabilidade in vitro de 10 dias, sua estrutura tridimensional mostrou-se semelhante ao PRP fresco e proporcionou intensa proliferação de células-tronco mesenquimais durante o cultivo. O teste de imunogenicidade não demonstrou evidências de reação imune. Os achados foram promissores, sugerindo a possibilidade de uso de PRP canino liofilizado para o mercado. Novos estudos in vivo e in vitro deverão ser conduzidos para comprovação terapêutica.

Skeletal muscle healing by M1-like macrophages produced by transient expression of exogenous GM-CSF.

BACKGROUND: After traumatic skeletal muscle injury, muscle healing is often incomplete and produces extensive fibrosis. The sequence of M1 and M2 macrophage accumulation and the duration of each subtype in the injured area may help to direct the relative extent of fibrogenesis and myogenesis during healing. We hypothesized that increasing the number of M1 macrophages early after traumatic muscle injury would produce more cellular and molecular substrates for myogenesis and fewer substrates for fibrosis, leading to better muscle healing. METHODS: To test this hypothesis, we transfected skeletal muscle with a plasmid vector to transiently express GM-CSF shortly after injury to drive the polarization of macrophages towards the M1 subset. C57BL/6 mouse tibialis anterior (TA) muscles were injured by contusion and electroporated with uP-mGM, which is a plasmid vector that transiently expresses GM-CSF. Myogenesis, angiogenesis, and fibrosis were evaluated by histology, immunohistochemistry, and RT-qPCR; subpopulations of macrophages by flow cytometry; and muscle functioning by the maximum running speed on the treadmill and the recovery of muscle mass. RESULTS: Muscle injury increased the number of local M1-like macrophages and decreased the number of M2-like macrophages on day 4, and uP-mGM treatment enhanced this variation. uP-mGM treatment decreased TGF-ß1 protein expression on day 4, and the Sirius Red-positive area decreased from 35.93 ± 15.45% (no treatment) to 2.9% ± 6.5% (p < 0.01) on day 30. uP-mGM electroporation also increased Hgf, Hif1α, and Mtor gene expression; arteriole density; and muscle fiber number during regeneration. The improvement in the quality of the muscle tissue after treatment with uP-mGM affected the increase in the TA muscle mass and the maximum running speed on a treadmill. CONCLUSION: Collectively, our data show that increasing the number of M1-like macrophages immediately after traumatic muscle injury promotes muscle recovery with less fibrosis, and this can be achieved by the transient expression of GM-CSF.

Fatores biopsicossociais na história de vida de mulheres profissionais do sexo / Biopsychosocial factors in the life history of female professional sex workers / Factores biopsicosociales en la historia de vida de las trabajadoras sexuales

Esta pesquisa, de natureza qualitativa, teve como objetivo compreender os fatores biopsicossociais no contexto de vida de seis profissionais do sexo que atuam em cidades de médio e pequeno porte, baseando-se no Modelo Biopsicossocial para compreender o processo de vida e suas influências em mulheres que exercem a profissão do sexo. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de questionário sociodemográfico e por método história de vida, utilizando a análise temática de conteúdo para o tratamento dos dados. Os resultados obtidos se relacionaram aos fatores que envolvem o campo biológico, psicológico e social. A pesquisa permitiu a compreensão da história de vida dessas mulheres, com destaque para ocorrência de dificuldades e sofrimentos.

This qualitative research aimed to understand the biopsychosocial factors in the life context of six sex workers who work in medium and small cities, based on the Biopsychosocial Model to understand the life process and its influences on women who practice the sex profession. Data collection was performed using the sociodemographic questionnaire and the life history method, adopting thematic content analysis for data treatment. The results obtained were related to factors involving the biological, psychological and social fields. The research allowed the understanding of the life history of these women, highlighting the occurrence of difficulties and suffering.

Esta investigación cualitativa tuvo como objetivo comprender los factores biopsicosociales en el contexto de la vida de seis trabajadoras sexuales que trabajan en ciudades medianas y pequeñas, con base en el Modelo Biopsicosocial, para comprender el proceso de vida y sus influencias en las mujeres que practican la profesión sexual. La recolección de datos se realizó utilizando el cuestionario sociodemográfico y el método de historia de vida, utilizando análisis de contenido temático para el tratamiento de datos. Los resultados obtenidos se relacionaron con factores del campo biológico, psicológico y social. La investigación permitió la comprensión de la historia de vida de estas mujeres, destacando la aparición de dificultades y sufrimientos.

How context influences the tactical-technical behavior of learners: the case of volleyball / Como o contexto influencia o comportamento técnico e tático de aprendizes: o caso do voleibol

Abstract This study compared the tactical-technical behavior between two distinct situations of reduced volleyball games. The sample consisted of 12 games played by doubles, 6 of which were played in 3.0m x 3.0m (SIT1) and 6 of 2.0m x 4.5m (SIT2) courts. Thus, the behavior of 12 participants, with mean age of 16.7 ± 1.5 years and 3.2 ± 1.2 years of practice, was compared. The results showed that at reception, better results were obtained in adjustment and decision making in SIT2, whereas in SIT1, efficiency was higher; in setting, it was observed that SIT2 presented better results in technical performance, adjustment and efficiency, whereas in SIT1, efficiency was higher; in SIT2, attack, better results were observed in adjustment and decision-making. It was concluded that environmental restrictions influence the behaviors of learners, showing that different ecological contexts provide actions inherent to the specific game environment.

Resumo O estudo comparou o comportamento tático-técnico entre duas situações distintas de jogos reduzidos no voleibol. A amostra constituiu-se de 12 jogos disputados por duplas, sendo 6 praticados em quadras de 3,0m x 3,0m (SIT1) e 6 de 2,0m x 4,5m (SIT2). Assim, comparou-se o comportamento de 12 participantes, com idade média de 16,7 ±1,5 anos e com 3,2 ±1,2 anos de prática. Os resultados mostraram que na recepção houve melhores resultados no ajustamento e na tomada de decisão na SIT2, enquanto que na SIT1 a eficácia foi mais elevada; no levantamento observou-se que a SIT2 apresentou melhores resultados no desempenho técnico, ajustamento e eficiência, enquanto que na SIT1 a eficácia foi mais elevada; no ataque, na SIT2, observou-se melhores resultados no ajustamento e na tomada de decisão. Conclui-se que as restrições ambientais influenciam nos comportamentos dos aprendizes, evidenciando que contextos ecológicos diferentes oportunizam ações inerentes ao ambiente específico de jogo.

Expression of a recombinant bacterial L-asparaginase in human cells.

OBJECTIVE: L-Asparaginase (ASNase) is an enzyme used in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). As the therapeutic ASNases has bacterial origin, severe side effects are associated with its use, among them hypersensitivity and inactivation of the enzyme. In this context, the objective of this work was to produce a recombinant ASNase of bacterial origin in human cells in order to determine the presence and consequences of potential post-translational modifications on the enzyme. RESULTS: Recombinant ASNase was expressed in human cells with a molecular weight of 60 kDa, larger than in Escherichia coli, which is 35 kDa. N-glycosylation analysis demonstrated that the increased molecular weight resulted from the addition of glycans to the protein by mammalian cells. The glycosylated ASNase presented in vitro activity at physiological pH and temperature. Given that glycosylation can act to reduce antigenicity by masking protein epitopes, our data may contribute to the development of an alternative ASNase in the treatment of ALL in patients who demonstrate side effects to currently marketed enzymes.

Basilar invagination associated with chiari malformation type I: A literature review.

Basilar invagination (BI) and Chiari malformation type I (CM-I) are very important anomalies that introduce instability and compression in the occipitocervical transition region and have complex clinical characteristics. These anomalies vary according to the affected structures. The present study revises current knowledge regarding the anatomy, anatomo-physiology, clinical manifestations, and radiological findings of these entities and the associated surgical treatment approaches. A bibliographic survey was performed through a search in the Medline, PubMed, SciELO, Science and LILACS databases. When associated, these craniovertebral malformations result in neurological deficits due to neural parenchyma compression; however, the presence of microtraumas due to repetitive lesions caused by the bulb and cervical marrow instability has been highlighted as a determinant dysfunction. Surgical treatment is controversial and has many technical variations. Surgery is also challenging due to the complex anatomical characteristics and biomechanics of this region. Nevertheless, advances have been achieved in our understanding of related mechanisms, and compression and atlantoaxial instability are considered key elements when selecting the surgical approach.

Predictive factors of the attack efficacy: the case of the Brazilian women's Volleyball League champion team / Fatores preditivos da eficácia do ataque: o caso da equipe campeã da superliga feminina

Abstract The aim was to identify the predictive factors of the attack efficacy of the Brazilian women's League Champion team according to the level of performance of the opposing team.The sample was composed of the observation of 1137 attacks in 21 games of the 2015-2016 Brazilian women's Volleyball League champion team. The results were significant to identify the predictive factors of the attack efficacy against high (.2=110.562; .<0.00001), intermediate (.2=64.134; .<0.00001) and low (.2=62.137; .<0.00001) performance opponents. Thus, it is concluded that when playing against high- performance teams, powerful attack for position 6 and second attack tempo increase the chances of attack point; powerful attacks for position 1 and 5 reduce the chances of game continuation; and powerful attack for position 6 increases the chances of blocking. In addition, in games against intermediate-performance teams, reception that allows organized attack without all attack options reduces the chances of attack point and game continuation, while the reception effect did not seem to be a predictive factor of the attack efficacy in games against high- and low-performance opponents and, finally, in games against low-performance teams, powerful attack for position 1 reduces the chances of game continuation and attack blocking.

Resumo Objetivou-se identificar os fatores preditivos da eficácia do ataque da equipe campeã da superliga feminina conforme o nível de desempenho das equipes adversárias. A amostra compôs-se pela observação de 1137 ataques ocorridos em 21 jogos da equipe campeã da Superliga Feminina 2015-2016. Os resultados mostraram-se significativos na identificação dos fatores preditivos da eficácia do ataque em confrontos contra adversários de desempenho elevado (x.=110,562; p<0,00001), intermediário (x.=64,134; p<0,00001) e baixo (x.=62,137; p<0,00001). Assim, conclui-se que ao enfrentar equipes de elevado desempenho o ataque potente para a posição 6 e o 2º tempo de ataque aumentaram as chances de pontuar no ataque; os ataques potentes para a posição 1 e 5 reduziram as chances de ocorrer a continuidade do jogo e o ataque potente para a posição 6 aumentaram as chances de ocorrer o bloqueio. Além disso, em jogos contra equipes de desempenho intermediário a recepção que permitiu o ataque organizado sem todas as opções de ataque reduziu as chances de pontuar no ataque e de continuidade do jogo, enquanto que a eficácia da recepção não mostrou-se como fator preditivo da eficácia do ataque em jogos contra adversários de elevado e baixo desempenho; e, finalmente, em jogos contra equipes de baixo desempenho o ataque potente para a posição 1 reduziu as chances de ocorrer a continuidade do jogo e o bloqueio do ataque.