Validating the Antismoking AIDA Model-Based Questionnaire for Malaysian Population.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to validate the AIDA (Attention, Interest, Desire, and Action) Model-Based Antismoking Campaign Questionnaire to be used in Malaysian population. METHOD: This study consists of mainly translation, validation, and pilot testing. The translation phase using forward and backward translation, involved three panels and three translators. The validation was a cross-sectional study conducted from May to July 2023 with a purposive sampling technique. The data was collected through e-mails among eight experts. These experts answered an online questionnaire on a four-option Likert scale, based on the four concepts of relevancy, clarity, comprehensiveness, and representativeness. The content validity index (CVI) was measured on the scale of the content validity index (S-CVI/Ave) and Universal Agreement (UA). For pilot testing, the final version was tested among 25 non-smokers and six smokers to determine its reliability using the Cronbach's alpha. RESULTS: The content validity study for relevancy, clarity, comprehension, and representative S-CVI/Ave is 0.85, 0.79, 0.79, and 0.84, respectively. The CVI score of above 0.83 indicates all items are relevant and representable. The pilot testing shows high internal consistency for both samples, more than 0.85. CONCLUSION: In summary, the adapted translated version's content validity index was satisfactory, and it can be further pilot tested among the other target population.

Development and validation of the information-motivation-behavioural skills model-based human immunodeficiency virus education kit for adolescents in Malaysia.

The growing Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) incidences and insufficient HIV knowledge among Malaysian late adolescents necessitate immediate attention to HIV prevention via education. This study aims to develop and validate an Information-Motivation-Behavioural skills (IMB) model-based education kit for adolescents, PREM-Kit, to educate on HIV prevention among Malaysian late adolescents. Utilizing the Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation model, we conducted the study in three phases: needs assessment, development of PREM-Kit, and validation of PREM-Kit by applying the IMB model to map the PREM-Kit's contents. PREM-Kit, developed in Malay language, consisted of an infographic flip chart and videos. Five multi-disciplinary experts validated the PREM-Kit using the content validity index (CVI), and 13 end-users validated the PREM-Kit using the Malay version of the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool for Printable and Audiovisual Materials. The infographic flip chart comprised three modules covering 15 topics, and an animated video accompanied each module. PREM-Kit achieved CVI scores of 1.0 and median scores of over 80% for understandability and actionability. Overall, the newly developed IMB model-based HIV education kit has good content validity, is simple to comprehend and apply, and is ready for testing its effectiveness in improving adolescents' knowledge, attitudes, and practices for HIV prevention.

Support for a Campus Tobacco-Free Policy among Non- Smokers: Findings from a Developing Country.

BACKGROUND: A tobacco-free workplace policy is identified as an effective means to reduce tobacco use and protect people from second-hand smoke; however, the number of tobacco-free policies (TFP) remains very low in workplaces in Malaysia. This study explored the factors affecting support for a tobacco-free policy on two healthcare campuses in Malaysia, prior to the implementation of TFP. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross- sectional study was conducted among 286 non-smokers from two healthcare training centres and two nearby colleges in Malaysia from January 2015 to April 2015. A standardized questionnaire was administered via staff and student emails. The questionnaire collected information on sociodemographic characteristics, support for a tobacco-free policy and perceived respiratory and sensory symptoms due to tobacco exposure. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to estimate the independent effects of supporting a tobacco-free campus. RESULTS: The percentage of individuals supporting completely tobacco-free facilities was 83.2% (N=238), as opposed to 16.7% (N=48) in support of partially tobacco-free facilities. Compared to the supporters of partially tobacco-free facilities, non-smokers who supported completely tobacco-free health facilities were more likely to be female, have higher education levels, to be very concerned about the effects of other people smoking on their health and to perceive a tobacco-free policy as very important. In addition, they perceived that tobacco smoke bothered them at work by causing headaches and coughs and, in the past 4 weeks, had experienced difficulty breathing. In the multivariate model, after adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics and other factors, only experiencing coughs and headaches increased the odds of supporting a completely tobacco-free campus, up to 2.5- and 1.9-fold, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Coughs and headaches due to other people smoking at work enhances support for a completely tobacco-free campus among non-smokers.