RESUMO
PURPOSE: Postoperative pulmonary complications may be better reduced by reversal of neuromuscular block with sugammadex than by reversal with neostigmine because the incidence of residual block after sugammadex application is lower and diaphragm function is less impaired than after neostigmine administration. The aim of the study was to compare the effect of reversal of neuromuscular block with sugammadex or neostigmine on lung function after major abdominal surgery. METHODS: One hundred and thirty adults scheduled for major abdominal surgery under combined general and epidural anesthesia were randomly allocated to receive 40 µg of neostigmine or 4 mg·kg-1 of sugammadex to reverse neuromuscular block. Two blinded researchers performed spirometry and lung ultrasound before the surgery, as well as 1 hr and 24 hr postoperatively. Differences in mean changes from baseline were analyzed with repeated measures analysis of variance. Forced vital capacity (FVC) loss one hour after surgery was the main outcome. Secondary outcomes were differences in rate and size of atelectasis one hour and 24 hr after surgery. RESULTS: One hundred twenty-six patients were included in the main analysis. In the neostigmine group (n = 64), mean (95% confidence interval [95% CI]) reduction in FVC after one hour was 0.5 (0.4 to 0.6) L. In the sugammadex group (n = 62), the mean (95% CI) reduction in FVC during the first hour was 0.5 (95% CI, 0.3 to 0.6) L. Thirty-nine percent of patients in the neostigmine group and 29% in the sugammadex group had visible atelectasis. Median [interquartile range (IQR)] atelectasis area was 9.7 [4.7-13.1] cm2 and 6.8 [3.6-12.5] cm2, respectively. CONCLUSION: We found no differences in pulmonary function in patients reversed with sugammadex or neostigmine in a high-risk population. TRIAL REGISTRATION: EudraCT 2014-005156-26; registered 27 May, 2015.