Evaluation of the Rennes Universal Measurement Method (RUMM), an artificial intelligence application for hand joint angle assessment.

Although goniometric measurement is considered the gold standard for the measurement of digital range of motion, visual estimation is often employed due to its simplicity despite being inconsistent with recommended guidelines. We evaluated the Rennes Universal Measurement Method, an innovative tool employing artificial intelligence to concurrently analyse hand joint angles based on a single photograph. We found a strong correlation between the goniometric method and the photograph-based approach (Spearman correlation coefficient 0.7). The mean standard error of measurement was -1° (SD 17°). Regarding reproducibility with different photographic angles, an excellent intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.9 was noted. The tool had a processing time of less than 0.1 s per hand, while traditional goniometric methods took 20-30 s per finger. Combining simplicity, high reproducibility and good inter-rater reliability, this is a potentially useful tool that can be used to monitor patient progress in place of traditional goniometry.

The influence of virtual reality simulation on surgical residents' heart rate during an assessment of arthroscopic technical skills: A prospective, paired observational study.

HYPOTHESIS: To demonstrate that a virtual reality (VR) simulation training program reduces heart rate variability during an assessment of surgical trainees' technical skills in arthroscopy. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective observational matched study. MATERIALS & METHODS: Thirty-six orthopaedic surgery residents, new to arthroscopy, received standard training in arthroscopic knee surgery, supplemented by additional monthly training for 6months on a VR simulator for 16 of them. At inclusion, the 2 groups (VR and NON-VR) answered a questionnaire and performed a meniscectomy on a VR simulator. After 6months of training, two independent trainers blinded to the inclusion arms evaluated the technical skills of the two groups during meniscectomies on a model and on an anatomical subject. Heart rate variability (HRV) was measured using a wireless heart rate monitor during baseline, VR training, and assessment. RESULTS: After removing incomplete data, the analysis focused on 10 VR residents matched at inclusion with 10 NON-VR residents. The VR group had a significantly lower heart rate at the final assessment (p=0.02) and lower overall HRV (p=0.05). The low/high frequency ratio (LF/HF) was not significantly different between the groups (1.84 vs 2.05, p=0.66) but the before-after training comparison showed a greater decrease in this ratio in the VR group compared to the NON-VR group -0.76 (-41%) vs -0.08 (-4%). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates a significant difference in heart rate variability between trained residents versus untrained residents during the final assessment of their technical skills at 6months. It appears that improving stress management should be an integral part of training programs in arthroscopic surgery. CLINICAL INTEREST: VR simulators in arthroscopy could improve non-technical skills such as heart rate variability, from the perspective of accountability. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III.

Surgical management of proximal femoral unicameral bone cyst in children.

Aims: The aim of this study is to evaluate the surgical treatment with the best healing rate for patients with proximal femoral unicameral bone cysts (UBCs) after initial surgery, and to determine which procedure has the lowest adverse event burden during follow-up. Methods: This multicentre retrospective study was conducted in 20 tertiary paediatric hospitals in France, Belgium, and Switzerland, and included patients aged < 16 years admitted for UBC treatment in the proximal femur from January 1995 to December 2017. UBCs were divided into seven groups based on the index treatment, which included elastic stable intramedullary nail (ESIN) insertion with or without percutaneous injection or grafting, percutaneous injection alone, curettage and grafting alone, and insertion of other orthopaedic hardware with or without curettage. Results: A total of 201 patients were included in the study. The mean age at diagnosis was 8.7 years (SD 3.9); 77% (n = 156) were male. The mean follow-up was 9.4 years (SD 3.9). ESIN insertion without complementary procedure had a 67% UBC healing rate after the first operation (vs 30% with percutaneous injection alone (p = 0.027), 43% with curettage and grafting (p = 0.064), and 21% with insertion of other hardware combined with curettage (p < 0.001) or 36% alone (p = 0.014)). ESIN insertion with percutaneous injection presented a 79% healing rate, higher than percutaneous injection alone (p = 0.017), curettage and grafting (p = 0.028), and insertion of other hardware combined with curettage (p < 0.001) or alone (p = 0.014). Patients who underwent ESIN insertion with curettage had a 53% healing rate, higher than insertion of other hardware combined with curettage (p = 0.009). The overall rate of postoperative complications was 25% and did not differ between groups (p = 0.228). A total of 32 limb length discrepancies were identified. Conclusion: ESIN insertion, either alone or combined with percutaneous injection or curettage and grafting, may offer higher healing rates than other operative procedures. Limb length discrepancy remains a major concern, and might be partly explained by the cyst's location and the consequence of surgery. Therefore, providing information about this risk is crucial.

Functional and radiographic analysis of a cohort of 48 Tactys® prostheses with an average follow-up of 5 years: A retrospective study.

OBJECTIVES: The Tactys® prosthesis is an anatomical unconstrained sliding implant with 4 modular components, designed for proximal interphalangeal arthroplasty. The main objective of our study was to evaluate medium-term functional outcomes at a minimum follow-up of 1 year. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-eight implants were studied, with a mean follow-up of 4.8 years. The study retrospectively analyzed functional, clinical and radiological results. Complications and re-interventions were also analyzed. RESULTS: Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (QuickDASH) and Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE) scores improved from 40.9 to 17.7 and from 47. 1 to 11 .2, respectively (p < 0.001) at last follow-up. Seventy-seven percent of patients rated their results as good or very good, and 83% were willing to undergo the procedure again. Pain on VAS improved significantly from 7.9 to 0.8/10 (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in range of motion (53° vs 48°), grip strength (14.9 kgF vs 14.6 kgF), or pinch strength (3.4 kgF vs 3.4 kgF). There were no cases of fracture or loosening of implants. Periarticular ossification without functional impairment was observed in 31 patients. Axial deviation was generally corrected. Three surgical re-interventions were required, including 2 implant revisions using a silicone spacer. Five-year implant survival was 94%. CONCLUSION: The Tactys® prosthesis was a reliable and effective option for the management of proximal interphalangeal osteoarthritis. Patient satisfaction was generally good, with improvement in pain and function; however, longer-term follow-up is needed.

Spontaneously regressive multifocal bone pseudomyogenic hemangioendothelioma in a 17-year-old boy: a case report.

Pseudomyogenic hemangioendothelioma (PMH) is a rare vascular tumor that occurs in young mostly male patients. Seventy percent of PMH cases are multifocal and 25% involve bones. PMH is an indolent tumor with mild local aggressiveness and an unclear pathology. Only two cases of spontaneous regressive bone PMH have been reported. Here, we report the case of a 17-year-old boy with a multifocal bone PMH diagnosed from a chronic pain in his left knee. The PMH affected the right scapula, both humeri, the right olecranon, the second metacarpal bone, the second and fourth right ribs, the thoracic and lumbar spine, the pelvic ring, the left and right femoral neck, and the left patella. Every lesion presented with a lobulated, lytic pattern, sometimes with a peripheral sclerotic rim. MRI showed a tissue lesion with a low intensity on T1-weighted sequences and high intensity on T2-weighted sequences. Enhancement of T1 gadolinium fat-saturated sequences was bright. After discussion, a national specialized board decided to actively monitor the patient and start general chemotherapy in the case of progression. The disease was stable at 3 and 6 months and showed signs of regression at 1 year, which was further confirmed at 2 years. CT scan and MRI highlighted a progressive filling of the tumor with cancellous bone and a regression of the tissue contingent. This case report highlights to a new therapeutic approach for indolent PMH that does not prevent further treatment in the case of progression.

Denosumab in the management of Aneurysmal bone cyst.

BACKGROUND: Aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) is a benign, locally aggressive tumour that arises predominantly in long bones and spine. Following the encouraging results of denosumab use in Giant Cell Tumors (GCT) and the histological similarities between ABC and GCT, the interest on the role of denosumab in the therapeutic arsenal of the most advanced ABC is growing. The purpose of this literature review is to investigate the current state of knowledge about the use of denosumab in ABCs. METHODS: A literature research was conducted through PUBMED, COCHRANE and GOOGLE SCHOLAR using the keywords "aneurysmal bone cyst" AND "denosumab". Seventeen articles were included. RESULTS: A total of 43 cases were reported in the literature. There were 23 males, 20 females. The mean age was 15,9±8,1 year. Pain relief and neurological improvement were rapid and sustained. Radiological assessment showed ossification and/or volume reduction in 36/39 patients. Eight patients (18,6%) presented a recurrence after or during denosumab therapy of whom 7 were adults. Adverse events occurred in 11 patients, 5 of them were admitted to the intensive care unit due to hypercalcemia. CONCLUSION: Denosumab use in non-surgical ABCs has shown a positive impact in pain and neurological symptoms. The oncological outcome remains unclear with a recurrence rate of 18,6% during/after denosumab therapy, mostly in adults. However, regarding the potential clinical benefits, its use might be discussed in the most advanced cases. Further research and clinical trials are mandatory to precise its belonging in the therapeutic arsenal.

Techniques and outcomes of hip abductor reconstruction following tumor resection in adults.

The function of the abductor mechanism (AM) of the hip can be disturbed, or even compromised, following tumor resection in the hip area. The consequences are instability (limping, dislocation), pain and altered walking ability. Several reconstruction techniques can be used for the same AM sacrifice. After defining the AM, this lecture will discuss the best technique for a given type of bone and muscle resection. These reconstruction techniques depend on exactly where the AM was sacrificed. For zone 1 resections of the ilium and/or iliac gluteal insertions, reconstruction is often optional. When muscle from the AM is resected, especially when the gluteal tendon is detached from its trochanteric insertion, isolated reconstruction can be done or reconstruction in combination with a tendon allograft or an allograft and/or tendon transfer from the surrounding area. This sacrifice, whether followed by reconstruction or not, in most cases leads to a good functional outcome, except when a complete musculotendinous unit or the superior gluteal nerve is sacrificed. Isolated resection of the greater trochanter is rare; however, this completely disrupts the continuity of the AM and justifies reconstruction, often using a bone-tendon allograft. Proximal femur resection is the most common scenario. The extent of the trochanteric resection and the gluteal tendon attachments drives the type of prosthesis used. The two most used techniques consist in an allograft sleeve over a long cemented femoral stem (allograft prosthesis composite - APC) or a modular proximal femoral endoprosthesis (megaprosthesis) with a specific AM fixation system (small plate or wire cerclage, resorbable or metal wire, synthetic reattachment tube). These two techniques yield nearly identical long-term functional outcomes with complications specific to each: osteolysis and fracture for APC, failure of tendon reattachment for megaprosthesis. Beyond these technical considerations, one must consider the poor availability of massive bone allografts. This is a highly relevant issue in France, and partially explains the shift to reconstruction with a megaprosthesis. Lastly, we will look at the different clinical and diagnostic tests used to evaluate the function of the AM in an oncology context and the outcomes of the various types of reconstruction.