Human SARS-CoV-2 challenge uncovers local and systemic response dynamics.

The COVID-19 pandemic is an ongoing global health threat, yet our understanding of the dynamics of early cellular responses to this disease remains limited1. Here in our SARS-CoV-2 human challenge study, we used single-cell multi-omics profiling of nasopharyngeal swabs and blood to temporally resolve abortive, transient and sustained infections in seronegative individuals challenged with pre-Alpha SARS-CoV-2. Our analyses revealed rapid changes in cell-type proportions and dozens of highly dynamic cellular response states in epithelial and immune cells associated with specific time points and infection status. We observed that the interferon response in blood preceded the nasopharyngeal response. Moreover, nasopharyngeal immune infiltration occurred early in samples from individuals with only transient infection and later in samples from individuals with sustained infection. High expression of HLA-DQA2 before inoculation was associated with preventing sustained infection. Ciliated cells showed multiple immune responses and were most permissive for viral replication, whereas nasopharyngeal T cells and macrophages were infected non-productively. We resolved 54 T cell states, including acutely activated T cells that clonally expanded while carrying convergent SARS-CoV-2 motifs. Our new computational pipeline Cell2TCR identifies activated antigen-responding T cells based on a gene expression signature and clusters these into clonotype groups and motifs. Overall, our detailed time series data can serve as a Rosetta stone for epithelial and immune cell responses and reveals early dynamic responses associated with protection against infection.

Síndrome de Down versus alteração de linguagem: interação comunicativa entre pais e filhos / Down syndrome versus language disorder: communicative interaction between parents and children

É preciso interagir com outros seres humanos como meio de sobrevivência, proteção e estimulação, sendo que a comunicação nasce desta necessidade. A comunicação pode ser realizada por meio de códigos linguísticos e não-linguísticos e envolvem, no mínimo, duas pessoas (interlocutores), que trocam entre si uma mensagem qualquer. O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar a interação de mães de crianças com síndrome de Down e seus filhos e mães de crianças com alteração de linguagem e seus filhos. Foram participantes da pesquisa cinco díades de crianças com síndrome de Down e suas mães e cinco díades de crianças com atraso de linguagem e suas mães. Foram gravadas três sessões de interação espontânea de mãe e criança em ambiente domiciliar. Os resultados mostraram que mães de crianças com atraso de linguagem apresentaram comportamentos mais adequados na interação com seus filhos, tais como equilíbrio da atividade dialógica durante a interação, estrutura gramatical e complexidade do discurso adequado, mais paciência com a criança e adequada entonação da fala. Por outro lado, mães de crianças com síndrome de Down demonstraram mais interesse durante a interação comunicativa.

Interacting with other human beings is necessary for survival, protection and stimulation - and communication emerges out of necessity. Communication can be accomplished through linguistic and non-linguistic codes involving, at least, two people, classified as interlocutors, who exchange messages between each other. The aim of this study was to investigate interaction between mothers with Down syndrome children and their children and mothers with children with language disorders and their children. Five dyads of Down syndrome children and their mothers, and five dyads of children with language disorders and their mothers participated in the study. Three sessions of spontaneous interaction between mother and child were recorded at home. The results showed that the behaviors of mothers of children with language disorders were more appropriate when interacting with their children. They showed greater balance of dialogic activity during interaction, better grammatical structure and greater complexity of proper speech, more patience with the child and proper speech intonation. For their part, the mothers of children with Down syndrome showed greater interest during communicative interaction.

Dispersion of repolarization and beta-thalassemia major: the prognostic role of QT and JT dispersion for identifying the high-risk patients for sudden death.

BACKGROUND: Patients with beta-thalassemia major (ß-TM) are at increased risk for sudden cardiac death (SCD). Heterogeneity of ventricular repolarization is considered to provide an electrophysiological substrate for malignant arrhythmias. QT dispersion (QTc-D) and JT dispersion (JTc-D) are electrocardiographic parameters indicative of heterogeneity of ventricular repolarization. The aim of our study was to evaluate the heterogeneity of ventricular repolarization in patients with beta-thalassemia and to test the hypothesis that an abnormal QTc and JTc dispersion may predict SCD in this population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study involved 51 patients with ß-TM (age 33.9±8.4; 33M) and 51 healthy subjects used as controls, matched for age, gender, and body mass index (BMI). Among the ß-TM group, 14 patients with ß-TM (age 27±6.64; 11M) died from SCD during follow-up. For each patient, QTD and JTD intervals were calculated. RESULTS: Compared to the healthy control group, ß-TM group presented increased values of the QTc-D (65.36±33.95 vs. 37, 62±17.65; P<0.003) and JTc-D (74.64±33.27 vs. 40.32±12.45; P<0.001). In the ß-TM sudden death group, QTc-D and JTc-D were significantly greater than in survived ß-TM group (92.70±44.24 vs. 56.14±23.80, P=0.0001; 101.54±47.93 vs. 64.47±17.90, P=0.0001). A cutoff value of 70ms for QTc-D had a sensitivity and specificity of 77% in identifying patients at risk for SCD. A cutoff value of 100ms for JTc-D had a sensitivity of 65% and a specificity of 94% in identifying this category of patients. CONCLUSION: ß-TM is associated with significant changes in heterogeneity of ventricular repolarization. QTc and JTc dispersion are useful markers of risk of SCD in patients with ß-TM.

Utilizaçäo de bactérias e fungos como indicadores na avaliaçäo de fatores fisiográficos que interferem nos processos de auto-depuraçäo de um córrego sub-tropical / Utilization of bacteria and fungi as indicators in the evaluation of physiographyc factors that interfere in the self-depuration process in a subtropical stream

O estudo de autodepuraçäo de um córrego sub-tropical, córrego do Agriäo, afluente do Rio Jacaré-Pepira, S. P., que recebe afluentes de resíduos domésticos e pecuários foi efetuado utilizando-se indicadores biológicos: coliformes totais (CT) e fecais (CF), estreptococos fecais (EF), fungos aquáticos e geofungos. O período de estudo abrangeu duas estiagens e um período de chuvas. Foi observada a influência das condiçöes fisiográficas na auto-depuraçäo do curso d'água. A relaçäo CF/EF possibilitou a caracterizaçäo da origem dos despejos e constatou-se que o número de leveduras, (U.F.C./ml), foi bom indicador de poluiçäo de origem fecal, o que näo ocorreu com bolores aquáticos e terrestres

Programa de atencion en un Centro periferico de la ciudad de Resistencia

Del analisis de situacion de la Provincia y de un area programatica de un Centro de Salud de Resistencia, se propone un programa de atencion con los elementos con que se cuenta en este momento para reducir niveles de desnutricion, mejorar controles de menores de una año y de embarazadas adolescentes, buena cobertura de vacunas e incentivar la participacion comunitaria , todo a travez de la APS

Guardia externa del Hospital Pediatrico "Dr. Avelino L. Castelan": analisis y propuestas

Diagnostico de situacion del Hospital Pediatrico Castelan de Resistencia, particularmente de la guardia externa y propuesta de reestructuracion de la misma