Telemedicine visits in myasthenia gravis: Expert guidance and the Myasthenia Gravis Core Exam (MG-CE).

INTRODUCTION/AIMS: Telemedicine may be particularly well-suited for myasthenia gravis (MG) due to the disorder's need for specialized care, its hallmark fluctuating muscle weakness, and the potential for increased risk of virus exposure among patients with MG during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic during in-person clinical visits. A disease-specific telemedicine physical examination to reflect myasthenic weakness does not currently exist. METHODS: This paper outlines step-by-step guidance on the fundamentals of a telemedicine assessment for MG. The Myasthenia Gravis Core Exam (MG-CE) is introduced as a MG-specific, telemedicine, physical examination, which contains eight components (ptosis, diplopia, facial strength, bulbar strength, dysarthria, single breath count, arm strength, and sit to stand) and takes approximately 10 minutes to complete. RESULTS: Pre-visit preparation, remote ascertainment of patient-reported outcome scales and visit documentation are also addressed. DISCUSSION: Additional knowledge gaps in telemedicine specific to MG care are identified for future investigation.

Secondary tics and tourettism

Tiques motores e fônicos são usualmente sintomas da síndrome de Tourette idiopática; entretanto, existem muitas causas orgânicas conhecidas para os tiques. Analisando os prontuários de 155 pacientes (101 homens/54 mulheres; idade média 40,5 ± 20,2 anos) com tiques e transtornos comórbidos encontramos que: 14 (9,0%) pacientes tinham tiques secundários a lesão dos gânglios da base, decorrentes de trauma craniano (N = 4; 2,5%), acidente vascular cerebral (N = 2; 1,2%), encefalite (N = 3; 1,9%) ou outras causas. Além disso, certas drogas, toxinas e complicações pós-infecciosas puderam ser etiologicamente associadas aos tiques. Raramente, lesões periféricas estiveram associadas a transtornos do movimento, incluindo tiques (N = 1; 0,6%). Transtornos globais do desenvolvimento, incluindo síndrome de Asperger (N = 13; 8,3%), retardo mental (N = 4; 2,5%), autismo (N = 3; 1,9%) e síndrome de Savant (N = 1; 0,6%), também podem estar associados a tiques, como observado em 21 dos 155 pacientes (13,5%). Doenças genéticas e cromossômicas, como a síndrome de Down (N = 5; 3,2%), a neuroacantocitose (N = 2; 1,2%) e a doença de Huntington (N = 1; 0,6%) estavam associadas a tiques em 16 pacientes (10,3%). Também examinamos a comorbidade de tiques com outros transtornos de movimento como distonia (N = 31; 20,0%) e tremor essencial (N = 17; 10,9%). Dezeseis (10,3%) pacientes apresentaram tiques psicogênicos e um (0,6%), tiques psicogênicos e distonia; ao contrário, síndrome de Tourette precedeu o início de distonia psicogênica (N = 1; 0,6%) e tremor psicogênico (N = 1; 0,6%) em dois pacientes. Finalmente, 12 (7,7%) pacientes tinham tiques associados a transtornos neurológicos não relacionados ao movimento, como encefalopatia estática (N = 2; 1,2%) e convulsões (N = 3; 1,9%). Para entender a fisiopatologia dos tiques e da síndrome de Tourette é importante reconhecer que esses podem ser causados por ou associados a outros transtornos.

Attitudes of primary care physicians and specialists about cancer clinical trials: a survey of Texas physicians.

A one-page questionnaire assessing physicians' prior involvement in and attitudes about clinical trials was distributed to primary care physicians (PCPs) and specialists practicing in Texas. The survey form was completed and returned by 57 PCPs and 80 specialists. The two physician groups agreed strongly about the value of what can be learned in clinical trials, and agreed that the greatest barriers to participation were paperwork requirements, time constraints, and concern for patient welfare. Both PCPs and specialists were concerned about enrolling patients if they felt that the patients did not understand what was involved. Because PCPs report only a limited experience with clinical trials, a realistic strategy to increase patient accrual involves developing effective educational outreaches to this group of physicians. In general, PCPs are trusted by their patients and can play an important role in providing information and in encouraging participation in appropriate trials.