Pan-cancer genomic analysis shows hemizygous PTEN loss tumors are associated with immune evasion and poor outcome.

In tumors, somatic mutations of the PTEN suppressor gene are associated with advanced disease, chemotherapy resistance, and poor survival. PTEN loss of function may occur by inactivating mutation, by deletion, either affecting one copy (hemizygous loss) leading to reduced gene expression or loss of both copies (homozygous) with expression absent. Various murine models have shown that minor reductions in PTEN protein levels strongly influence tumorigenesis. Most PTEN biomarker assays dichotomize PTEN (i.e. presence vs. absence) ignoring the role of one copy loss. We performed a PTEN copy number analysis of 9793 TCGA cases from 30 different tumor types. There were 419 (4.28%) homozygous and 2484 (25.37%) hemizygous PTEN losses. Hemizygous deletions led to reduced PTEN gene expression, accompanied by increased levels of instability and aneuploidy across tumor genomes. Outcome analysis of the pan-cancer cohort showed that losing one copy of PTEN reduced survival to comparable levels as complete loss, and was associated with transcriptomic changes controlling immune response and the tumor microenvironment. Immune cell abundances were significantly altered for PTEN loss, with changes in head and neck, cervix, stomach, prostate, brain, and colon more evident in hemizygous loss tumors. These data suggest that reduced expression of PTEN in tumors with hemizygous loss leads to tumor progression and influences anticancer immune response pathways.

Moringa Oleifera: an alternative ingredient to improve the egg quality of Japanese quail / [Moringa oleifera: um ingrediente alternativo na melhora da qualidade de ovos de codornas japonesas]

This study aims to evaluate effects of inclusion of moringa in Japanese quail diets on laying performance, egg quality, blood parameters, serum biochemical profile, and behavior. One hundred and forty-four Japanese quails, approximately 35-d-old, were distributed in a completely randomized design with four treatments and six replications. Treatments were diet inclusion of 0, 2, 4 and 6% of dried and ground moringa leaves. The inclusion of moringa in diets reduces the quadratic feed intake up to the level of 1.20%, increases weight of eggs with a quadratic behavior up to 3.80%, and linearly increases yolk weight. Yolk color changes with higher levels of inclusion of moringa and resulted in more intense colors. The biochemical profile of quails changed slightly but remains within the normal range. The inclusion of 4% of moringa in diets increases alkaline phosphatase. Regarding cholesterol and triglycerides, diet with 6% moringa inclusion was lower when compared to the others. The behavior of laying quails does not change due to inclusion of moringa in diets. Up to 3.83% of Moringa oleifera can be included in Japanese quail diet to improve egg quality without compromising performance, biochemical profile, blood parameters and behavior.(AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a inclusão de Moringa oleifera na dieta de codornas japonesas sobre o desempenho, a qualidade de ovos, os parâmetros sanguíneos, o perfil bioquímico e o comportamento. Foram utilizadas 144 codornas japonesas, com aproximadamente 35 dias de idade, as quais foram distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com quatro tratamentos e seis repetições cada. Foram fornecidas dietas com 0, 2, 4 e 6% de folhas desidratadas e moídas de moringa. A inclusão de moringa nas dietas reduziu quadraticamente o consumo até o nível de 1,2%, aumentou o peso dos ovos com comportamento quadrático até o nível de 3,8% e aumentou linearmente o peso da gema. A coloração da gema se intensificou com maiores inclusões de moringa. O perfil bioquímico sofreu alterações leves, mas não saiu dos padrões normais para codornas. A inclusão de 4% de moringa nas dietas aumentou os níveis de fosfatase alcalina. Já a inclusão de 6% reduziu níveis de colesterol e triglicérides. O comportamento das codornas não se alterou com a inclusão de moringa nas dietas. A inclusão de até 3,83% de Moringa oleifera na dieta de codornas japonesas aumenta a qualidade de ovos sem comprometer o desempenho, o perfil bioquímico, os parâmetros sanguíneos e o comportamento delas.(AU)

Achatina fulica (Gastropoda: Pulmonata): Occurrence, environmental aspects and presence of nematodes in Sergipe, Brazil / Achatina fulica (Gastropoda: Pulmonata): ocorrencia, aspectos ambientais e presença de nematódeos em Sergipe, Brasil

Abstract The objective of this study was to identify the occurrence of Achatina fulica in the Great Aracaju-SE Territory. This research was developed during the months of June 2016 to May 2017. The plots methodology was used for the monthly collections, following the collection time of 20 minutes per area. The mollusks were measured and soon afterwards the parasitological analysis of the mucus and faeces was performed. Molecular identification was performed to evaluate the possible presence of Angiostrongylus sp. We observed that the occurrence of A. fulica was more representative in urban areas, especially in vacant lots with the presence of litter and decomposing materials. In the specimens of A. fulica examined were male and female nematodes of the genus Rhabditis, in the research municipalities, except in Barra dos Coqueiros. No parasites of the genus Angiostrongylus were found in the mollusks examined. The influence of the presence of litter on the plots associated with the frequency of A. fulica was statistically significant. There was a correlation between the influence of rainfall and the frequency of A. fulica. A significant relationship between moisture and frequency and nematode positivity was identified. It was also observed that the larger the mollusk, the greater the chances of being infected by nematodes. Scientific knowledge about the biology of the A. fulica species associated with human intervention such as the maintenance of land and adequate sanitary measures may be important factors for a better control of this invasive mollusk.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a ocorrência de A. fulica no território da Grande Aracaju, Sergipe, avaliando a infecção destes moluscos por nematódeos, a influência das condições climáticas e das características do ambiente. Esta pesquisa foi desenvolvida durante os meses de junho de 2016 a maio de 2017. Foi utilizada a metodologia de parcelas para as coletas mensais de 20 min por área, um total de 15 parcelas distribuídas em 5 municípios. Os moluscos foram mensurados e logo em seguida realizada a análise parasitológica do muco e fezes. Foi realizada a identificação molecular para avaliar a possível presença de Angiostrongylus sp. Observamos que a ocorrência de A. fulica foi mais representativa em áreas urbanas, sobretudo em terrenos baldios com a presença de lixo e materiais em decomposição. Nos exemplares de A. fulica examinados foram encontrados nematódeos do gênero Rhabditis, nos municípios da pesquisa, exceto em Barra dos Coqueiros. Não foram encontrados parasitos do gênero Angiostrongylus nos moluscos examinados. A influência da presença de lixo nas parcelas associado à frequência da A. fulica mostrou-se estatisticamente significativa. Houve correlação entre a influência da chuva e a frequência de A. fulica. Foi identificada uma relação significativa entre a umidade e a frequência e a positividade para nematódeos. Foi também observado que quanto maior o molusco, maiores são as chances deste apresentar nematódeos. O conhecimento científico a respeito da biologia da espécie A. fulica associado à intervenção humana como, a manutenção de terrenos e medidas sanitárias adequadas podem ser fatores importantes para um controle malacológico mais adequado para esta espécie invasora.

Anisakidae Skrjabin & Karokhin, 1945 and Raphidascarididae Hartwich, 1954 nematodes in lutjanidae (pisces: perciformes) from the Brazilian Northeast Coast / Nematodas Anisakidae Skrjabin & Karokhin, 1945 e Raphidascarididae Hartwich, 1954 em Lutjanidae (Pisces: Perciformes) do litoral nordeste brasileiro

Abstract The present study aimed at describing and evaluating the fauna of Anisakidae and Raphidacarididae nematodes of lutjanid fish (snappers) from the Brazilian northeastern coast unloaded at the city of Aracaju, capital of the State of Sergipe. A total of 186 lutjanids of 5 different species were analyzed including 69 Lutjanus analis, 51 L. vivanus , 29 Ocyurus chrysurus, 23 L. synagris, and 14 L. jocu. Nematode specimens found in the viscera of these fish were clarified with lactophenol. Illustrations of each of these specimens were prepared to help identify these samples and compose their taxonomic description and classification. At necropsy, 3,183 nematodes belonging to two families were collected from fish viscera which included the following: Anisakidae: Anisakis, Terranova , Contracaecum, and Goezia; Raphidascarididae: Raphidascaris (Ichthyascaris) and Hysterothylacium . A total of six genera of nematodes were found at postmortem examination of which adult worms of only three genera (Goezia, Raphidascaris and Hysterothylacium) were detected in the fish examined. Larvae of Terranova sp. were found only in the musculature of O. chrysurus . Most of the nematode larvae were present in the mesentery and organs of the fish necropsied. Therefore, the zoonotic potential of these nematodes cannot be ruled out. There was a significant negative correlation between the intensity of parasitism by anisakids and the total body length of O. chrysurus; the intensity of parasitism was greater in smaller and shortef fish. There was a significant positive correlation between the abundance of these parasites and the length of L. synagris; the presence of these parasites increased according to the fish's body length. To the authors' knowledge, these are the first records of Raphidascaris (Ichthyascaris ) sp. and Hysterothylacium sp. in L. vivanus , of Terranova sp. in O. chrysurus and L. jocu, and of Goezia sp. in L. analis. These novel findings add the Brazilian northeast coast and the State of Sergipe in the geographic distribution of these parasites in the country.

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho é descrever e avaliar a fauna de Anisakidae e Raphidacarididae de peixes lutjanídeos do litoral nordeste do Brasil desembarcados na cidade de Aracaju, capital do estado de Sergipe. Foram analisados 186 lutjanídeos das espécies Lutjanus analis 69, L. vivanus 51, Ocyurus chrysurus 29, L. synagris 23 e L. jocu 14. Exemplares dos nematodas encontrados nas vísceras foram clarificados em lactofenol e ilustrados para auxiliar na identificação e compor a descrição taxonõmica. Foram coletados 3.183 nematodas das vísceras dos peixes, pertencentes a duas famílias: Anisakidae: Anisakis, Terranova, Contracaecum e Goezia; e Raphidascarididae: Raphidascaris (Ichthyascaris) e Hysterothylacium. Totalizando seis gêneros encontrados, apenas nos três últimos gêneros foram encontrados vermes em estágio adulto. Apenas em O. chrysurus foram encontradas larvas de Terranova sp. na musculatura. A maioria das larvas estava restrita ao mesentério e órgãos dos peixes, e em grande intensidade não podendo se descartar o potencial zoonótico. Observou-se uma correlação significativa negativa entre a intensidade anisakídeos e o comprimento total de O. chrysurus, onde a intensidade dos parasitas é maior em peixes de menor comprimento e uma correlação significativa positiva entre a abundância desses mesmos parasitos com o comprimento de L. synagris, onde a presença dos parasitas aumenta conforme o comprimento do peixe. Esse é o primeiro registro de Raphidascaris ( Ichthyascaris) sp. e Hysterothylacium sp. em L. vivanus ; de Terranova sp. em O. chrysurus e L. jocu e Goezia sp. em L. analis, adicionando o litoral nordeste do Brasil e o estado de Sergipe na distribuição geográfica desses parasitos.

Influência de diferentes sistemas e curvas de congelamento na congelabilidade e fertilidade do sêmen equino / Influence of systems and freezing curve in equine semen freezability and fertility

Avaliou-se o efeito de curvas de congelação nos parâmetros espermáticos e na fertilidade, usando sêmen de alta e baixa congelabilidade. Experimento 1 - utilizou-se sêmen de quatro garanhões resistentes à congelação: grupo 1, palhetas refrigeradas até 5°C e congeladas com curva de -8°C/min; grupos 2 e 3, palhetas refrigeradas até 5°C (0,5°C/min.) e congeladas com curvas de -20°C/min e -10°C/min, respectivamente. Experimentos 2 e 3 - utilizaram-se cinco garanhões (Mangalarga Marchador), respectivamente, de alta e baixa congelabilidade: grupo 4, a mesma metodologia descrita no grupo 1; grupos 5 e 6, palhetas refrigeradas até 5°C (0,5°C/min) e congeladas com curva de -20°C/min, entre 5°C e -60°C, e -10°C/min, entre -60°C e -100ºC (grupo 5), e -25°C/min, de 5°C até -100°C (grupo 6). O sêmen foi avaliado após descongelamento pelo método computadorizado. No experimento 1, não houve diferença nos parâmetros avaliados. No experimento 2, os parâmetros motilidade total (MT) e motilidade progressiva foram superiores aos do grupo 6 em relação ao grupo 4. No experimento 3, a MT foi superior no grupo 6 em relação ao grupo 4. As curvas de congelação mais rápidas apresentaram melhores parâmetros de cinética espermática, após a descongelação, para o sêmen de garanhões da raça Mangalarga Marchador.(AU)

The effect of freezing curves on sperm parameters and fertility, using resistant and sensitive semen to cryopreservation, was evaluated. In experiment 1, Semen from 4 stallions resistant to freezing was used: Group 1, straws were cooled to 5°C and frozen with a curve of - 8°C/min; Groups 2 and 3, straws were cooled to 5°C (0.5°C/min) and frozen with curves of - 20°C / min and - 10°C/min, respectively. In experiments 2 and 3, 5 stallions (Mangalarga Marchador) presenting respectively resistant and sensitive sperm to cryopreservation were used: Group 4, same methodology described for Group 1 was performed; Groups 5 and 6, straws were cooled to 5°C (0.5°C/min) and frozen with a curve of - 20°C/min. between 5°C and - 60°C and -10°C/min. between - 60°C and - 100°C (Group 5) and - 25°C/min. 5°C to - 100°C (Group 6). Thawed-semen was evaluated by the computerized method CASA. In Experiment 1, there was no difference in the evaluated parameters. In Experiment 2, total motility (MT) and progressive motility (PM) were higher in Group 6 compared to Group 4. In Experiment 3, TM was higher in Group 6 than Group 4. The faster freezing curves showed better parameters of sperm kinetics after thawing, for the Mangalarga Marchador stallion semen.(AU)

Preemptive analgesia-related gene and protein expression in third molar surgeries under non steroidal anti-inflammatory drug protocols: A PROSPERO-registered systematic review of clinical studies.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to review trans lational studies focusing on third molar removal surgeries through a systematic analytical approach. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A PROSPERO-registered systematic review (CRD42017060455) was conducted following the PRISMA statement to summarize current knowledge on gene expression in third molar surgeries. A search was performed in PubMed's Medline and Scopus databases, without date or language restrictions, using the logical expression {[(Third molar) OR (preemptive) OR (cyclooxygenase inhibitors) OR (acute inflammation) AND (gene expression)]}. RESULTS: All studies included in the analysis evaluated gene expression in a third molar extraction model, using the preemptive analgesia methodology in seven investigations. The sample analyzed was obtained from gingival tissue biopsy (n=4), blood (n=1), transudate (n=1) and gingival tissue biopsy/transudate (n=1). There were differences with respect to evaluated genes, drug protocol, sample studied, and method for evaluating gene expression. CONCLUSIONS: Third molar surgeries were found to be associated with different COX-related gene expression patterns. Although inflammatory events following the surgical procedure are associated with COX isoforms, data from preemptive analgesia studies are scarce, especially from studies correlating gene expression and clinical parameters. In the future, from a clinical perspective, identifying the molecular targets of a drug based on individual gene expression may be helpful to delineate specific third molar, surgery-related, preemptive analgesia protocols.

L-asparaginase isolated from Streptomyces ansochromogenes promotes Th1 profile and activates CD8+ T cells in human PBMC: an in vitro investigation.

AIMS: A new L-asparaginase produced by Streptomyces ansochromogenes UFPEDA 3420 actinobacteria was used in this study against human lymphocyte cultures to evaluate the immunological profile induced by this enzyme. METHODS AND RESULTS: Cultures of lymphocytes were stimulated with S. ansochromogenes L-asparaginase, and cytotoxicity, cell viability, cell stimulation and cytokine production were analysed. This new S. ansochromogenes L-asparaginase induced activation and proliferation of the TCD8+ lymphocyte subset and produced higher TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-2 and IL-10 levels in a 24-h assay. CONCLUSION: Streptomyces ansochromogenes L-asparaginase is a promising molecule to be used in in vivo models and to deepen preclinical tests against acute lymphoblast leukaemia. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF STUDY: L-asparaginase is an indispensable component of the chemotherapeutic treatment of acute lymphoblast leukaemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Currently, drugs such as Asparaginase® , Kidrolase® , and Elspar® and Erwinase® are efficient against leukemic disease, but promote immunosuppression and other side effects in human organisms. Our purified S. ansochromogenes L-asparaginase showed promissory results inducing, in vitro, higher immunostimulation in human PBMC, especially in T CD8+ lymphocyte subsets.

Safe therapeutics of murine melanoma model using a novel antineoplasic, the partially methylated mannogalactan from Pleurotus eryngii.

A heteropolysaccharide was isolated by cold aqueous extraction from edible mushroom Pleurotus eryngii ("King Oyster") basidiocarps and its biological properties were evaluated. Structural assignments were carried out using mono- and bidimensional NMR spectroscopy, monosaccharide composition, and methylation analyses. A mannogalactan having a main chain of (1→6)-linked α-d-galactopyranosyl and 3-O-methyl-α-d-galactopyranosyl residues, both partially substituted at OH-2 by ß-d-Manp (MG-Pe) single-unit was found. Biological effects of mannogalactan from P. eryngii (MG-Pe) were tested against murine melanoma cells. MG-Pe was non-cytotoxic, but reduced in vitro melanoma cells invasion. Also, 50mg/kg MG-Pe administration to melanoma-bearing C57BL/6 mice up to 10days decreased in 60% the tumor volume compared to control. Additionally, no changes were observed when biochemical profile, complete blood cells count (CBC), organs, and body weight were analyzed. Mg-Pe was shown to be a promising anti-melanoma molecule capable of switching melanoma cells to a non-invasive phenotype with no toxicity to melanoma-bearing mice.

Anisakidae Skrjabin & Karokhin, 1945 and Raphidascarididae Hartwich, 1954 nematodes in lutjanidae (pisces: perciformes) from the Brazilian Northeast Coast

Abstract The present study aimed at describing and evaluating the fauna of Anisakidae and Raphidacarididae nematodes of lutjanid fish (snappers) from the Brazilian northeastern coast unloaded at the city of Aracaju, capital of the State of Sergipe. A total of 186 lutjanids of 5 different species were analyzed including 69 Lutjanus analis, 51 L. vivanus , 29 Ocyurus chrysurus, 23 L. synagris, and 14 L. jocu. Nematode specimens found in the viscera of these fish were clarified with lactophenol. Illustrations of each of these specimens were prepared to help identify these samples and compose their taxonomic description and classification. At necropsy, 3,183 nematodes belonging to two families were collected from fish viscera which included the following: Anisakidae: Anisakis, Terranova , Contracaecum, and Goezia; Raphidascarididae: Raphidascaris (Ichthyascaris) and Hysterothylacium . A total of six genera of nematodes were found at postmortem examination of which adult worms of only three genera (Goezia, Raphidascaris and Hysterothylacium) were detected in the fish examined. Larvae of Terranova sp. were found only in the musculature of O. chrysurus . Most of the nematode larvae were present in the mesentery and organs of the fish necropsied. Therefore, the zoonotic potential of these nematodes cannot be ruled out. There was a significant negative correlation between the intensity of parasitism by anisakids and the total body length of O. chrysurus; the intensity of parasitism was greater in smaller and shortef fish. There was a significant positive correlation between the abundance of these parasites and the length of L. synagris; the presence of these parasites increased according to the fishs body length. To the authors knowledge, these are the first records of Raphidascaris (Ichthyascaris ) sp. and Hysterothylacium sp. in L. vivanus , of Terranova sp. in O. chrysurus and L. jocu, and of Goezia sp. in L. analis. These novel findings add the Brazilian northeast coast and the State of Sergipe in the geographic distribution of these parasites in the country.

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho é descrever e avaliar a fauna de Anisakidae e Raphidacarididae de peixes lutjanídeos do litoral nordeste do Brasil desembarcados na cidade de Aracaju, capital do estado de Sergipe. Foram analisados 186 lutjanídeos das espécies Lutjanus analis 69, L. vivanus 51, Ocyurus chrysurus 29, L. synagris 23 e L. jocu 14. Exemplares dos nematodas encontrados nas vísceras foram clarificados em lactofenol e ilustrados para auxiliar na identificação e compor a descrição taxonõmica. Foram coletados 3.183 nematodas das vísceras dos peixes, pertencentes a duas famílias: Anisakidae: Anisakis, Terranova, Contracaecum e Goezia; e Raphidascarididae: Raphidascaris (Ichthyascaris) e Hysterothylacium. Totalizando seis gêneros encontrados, apenas nos três últimos gêneros foram encontrados vermes em estágio adulto. Apenas em O. chrysurus foram encontradas larvas de Terranova sp. na musculatura. A maioria das larvas estava restrita ao mesentério e órgãos dos peixes, e em grande intensidade não podendo se descartar o potencial zoonótico. Observou-se uma correlação significativa negativa entre a intensidade anisakídeos e o comprimento total de O. chrysurus, onde a intensidade dos parasitas é maior em peixes de menor comprimento e uma correlação significativa positiva entre a abundância desses mesmos parasitos com o comprimento de L. synagris, onde a presença dos parasitas aumenta conforme o comprimento do peixe. Esse é o primeiro registro de Raphidascaris ( Ichthyascaris) sp. e Hysterothylacium sp. em L. vivanus ; de Terranova sp. em O. chrysurus e L. jocu e Goezia sp. em L. analis, adicionando o litoral nordeste do Brasil e o estado de Sergipe na distribuição geográfica desses parasitos.

Achatina fulica (Gastropoda: Pulmonata): Occurrence, environmental aspects and presence of nematodes in Sergipe, Brazil

Abstract The objective of this study was to identify the occurrence of Achatina fulica in the Great Aracaju-SE Territory. This research was developed during the months of June 2016 to May 2017. The plots methodology was used for the monthly collections, following the collection time of 20 minutes per area. The mollusks were measured and soon afterwards the parasitological analysis of the mucus and faeces was performed. Molecular identification was performed to evaluate the possible presence of Angiostrongylus sp. We observed that the occurrence of A. fulica was more representative in urban areas, especially in vacant lots with the presence of litter and decomposing materials. In the specimens of A. fulica examined were male and female nematodes of the genus Rhabditis, in the research municipalities, except in Barra dos Coqueiros. No parasites of the genus Angiostrongylus were found in the mollusks examined. The influence of the presence of litter on the plots associated with the frequency of A. fulica was statistically significant. There was a correlation between the influence of rainfall and the frequency of A. fulica. A significant relationship between moisture and frequency and nematode positivity was identified. It was also observed that the larger the mollusk, the greater the chances of being infected by nematodes. Scientific knowledge about the biology of the A. fulica species associated with human intervention such as the maintenance of land and adequate sanitary measures may be important factors for a better control of this invasive mollusk.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a ocorrência de A. fulica no território da Grande Aracaju, Sergipe, avaliando a infecção destes moluscos por nematódeos, a influência das condições climáticas e das características do ambiente. Esta pesquisa foi desenvolvida durante os meses de junho de 2016 a maio de 2017. Foi utilizada a metodologia de parcelas para as coletas mensais de 20 min por área, um total de 15 parcelas distribuídas em 5 municípios. Os moluscos foram mensurados e logo em seguida realizada a análise parasitológica do muco e fezes. Foi realizada a identificação molecular para avaliar a possível presença de Angiostrongylus sp. Observamos que a ocorrência de A. fulica foi mais representativa em áreas urbanas, sobretudo em terrenos baldios com a presença de lixo e materiais em decomposição. Nos exemplares de A. fulica examinados foram encontrados nematódeos do gênero Rhabditis, nos municípios da pesquisa, exceto em Barra dos Coqueiros. Não foram encontrados parasitos do gênero Angiostrongylus nos moluscos examinados. A influência da presença de lixo nas parcelas associado à frequência da A. fulica mostrou-se estatisticamente significativa. Houve correlação entre a influência da chuva e a frequência de A. fulica. Foi identificada uma relação significativa entre a umidade e a frequência e a positividade para nematódeos. Foi também observado que quanto maior o molusco, maiores são as chances deste apresentar nematódeos. O conhecimento científico a respeito da biologia da espécie A. fulica associado à intervenção humana como, a manutenção de terrenos e medidas sanitárias adequadas podem ser fatores importantes para um controle malacológico mais adequado para esta espécie invasora.

Structure of the parasite infracommunity of Sciades proops from the Japaratuba River Estuary, Sergipe, Brazil / Estrutura da infracomunidade parasitária de Sciades proops (Valenciennes, 1840) (Siluriformes, Ariidae) do Estuário do Rio Japaratuba, Sergipe, Brasil

Abstract The catfish species Sciades proops inhabits muddy estuaries and shallow brackish lagoons, as well as freshwater. For these reasons, it is believed that this species may act as an intermediate, definitive and paratenic host in the life cycle of many parasites. From November 2010 to November 2011 and from August 2012 to July 2013, a total of 126 specimens of Sciades proops from the estuarine region of the Japaratuba River in the state of Sergipe, Brazil, were examined for parasites, of which 84.13% were infected by at least one species: Ergasilus sp. (Copepoda) (Prevalence P = 77.78%, Mean of Intensity MI = 10.08 ± 15.48, Mean Abundance MA = 14.27 ± 7.48) in the gills, Contracaecum sp. (P = 23.02%, MI = 20.59 ± 80.58, MA =39.12 ± 4.47) in the general cavity, Procamallanus sp. (P = 0.79%, MI = 1, MA = 0.01 ± 0.09), Raphidascaroides sp. (P = 2.31%, MI = 1.33 ± 0.58, MA = 0.33 ± 0.22) and Cuccullanus sp. (Nematoda) (P = 0.79%, MI = 1, MA = 0.01 ± 0.09) in the intestine, Ancyrocephalinae (Monogenea) (P = 0.79%, MI = 1, MA = 0.01 ± 0.09) in the gills, Pseudoacanthostomumpanamense (P = 1.59%, MI = 9.00 ± 8.49, MA = 0.14 ± 1.36) in the intestine, Clinostomum sp. (P = 1.59%, MI = 17.50 ± 23.33, MA = 0.29 ± 3.03) on the body surface and two unidentified metacercariae, referred to as Metacercaria 1 (P = 0.79%; IM = 1, MA = 0.01 ± 0.09) and Metacercaria 2 (Digenea) (P = 0.79%, MI = 7, MA = 0.06 ± 0.62) in the swim bladder. Ergasilus sp. was the dominant species and thus classified as core, with Contracaecum sp. as the satellite and other species as secondary species. The spatial distribution of infection with Ergasilus sp. and Contracaecum sp. showed a typical pattern of aggregate distribution. The sex of the host did not influence parasitic infections, but infection with Ergasilus sp. showed a positive and significant correlation with biometric and epidemiologic parameters, whereas infection with Contracaecum sp. was correlated only with prevalence and abundance.

Resumo A espécie de bagre Sciades proops habita principalmente estuários de águas rasas enlameada e lagoas salobras, ocorrendo também em águas doces. Por esses motivos acredita-se que essa espécie pode atuar como hospedeiro intermediário, definitivo e paratênico no ciclo de vida de vários parasitas. Entre novembro de 2010 a novembro de 2011 e de agosto de 2012 a julho de 2013, Um total de 126 espécimes de Sciades proops originários da região estuarina do rio Japaratuba, município de Pirambu, SE, foram examinados em busca de parasitas, dos quais 84,13% estavam parasitados por pelo menos uma espécie de parasita encontrada: Ergasilus sp. (Copepoda) (Prevalência (P)=77,78%; Intensidade Média (IM) =10,08±15,48, AbundÂncia Média (AM) =7,48±14,27) nas brânquias, Contracaecum sp. (P=23,02%; IM=20,59±80,58, AM=4,47±39,12) na cavidade geral, Procamallanus sp. (P=0,79%; IM=1, AM=0,01±0,09), Raphidascaroides sp. (P=2,31%; IM=1,33±0,58, AM=0,33±0,22) e Cuccullanus sp. (P=0,79%; IM=1, AM=0,01±0,09) (Nematoda) no intestino, Ancyrocephalinae (Monogenea) (P=0,79%; IM=1, AM=0,01±0,09) nas brânquias, Pseudoacanthostomumpanamense (P=1,59%; IM=9,00±8,49, AM=0,14±1,36) no intestino, Clinostomum sp. (P=1,59%; IM=17,50±23,33, AM=0,29±3,03) na superfície do corpo e duas metacercárias não identificadas, denominadas como Metacercária 1 (P=0,79%; IM=1, AM=0,01±0,09) e Metacercária 2 (P=0,79%; IM=7, AM=0,06±0,62) (Digenea) ambas na bexiga natatória. Ergasilus sp. foi a espécie dominante sendo classificada como central, Contracaecum sp. como a satélite e as demais como espécies secundárias. A distribuição espacial da infecção por Ergasilus sp. e Contracaecum sp. apresentaram um padrão típico de distribuição agregada. O sexo dos hospedeiros não influenciou nas infecções parasitárias, porém a infecção por Ergasilus sp. apresentou correlação positiva e significativa entre os parâmetros biométricos e os parâmetros epidemiológicos enquanto que na infecção por Contracaecum sp. a correlação ocorreu apenas com a prevalência e a abundância.

Rachycentron canadum (cobia) lectin promoted mitogenic response in mice BALB/c splenocytes.

The mitogenic lectins are invaluable tools to study the biochemical changes associated with lymphocyte activation and proliferation of various immune cells. Rachycentron canadum lectin (RcaL) was detected and purified from serum of cobia fish. The aim of this study was to evaluate the proliferative response and cytokine production in splenocytes of mice in vitro stimulated with RcaL lectin; Canavalia ensiformis lectin (Con A) was used as positive control. A high proliferation index was induced by RcaL in relation to control cells. Furthermore, RcaL induced higher IL-2 and IL-6 production in relation to control. The cell viability was 90% in splenocytes treated with RcaL lectin, but RcaL promoted significant late apoptosis after 24 and 48 h in relation to control. RcaL induced proliferative responses suggesting that this lectin can be used as a mitogenic agent in immunostimulatory assays.

Improvement of dermal burn healing by combining sodium alginate/chitosan-based films and low level laser therapy.

This paper aimed to evaluate the improvement of burn wounds healing by sodium alginate/chitosan-based films and laser therapy. Natural polymers with different biological activities are widely used as film dressings to improve wound healing. Lasers arrays accelerate the healing repair of soft tissue injuries. Burn procedures were performed on the backs of 60 male rats assigned into six groups: untreated (CTR), dressed with cellulose films (CL), dressed with sodium alginate/chitosan-based films (SC), laser-irradiated undressed wounds (LT), laser-irradiated wounds with cellulose (CLLT) and sodium alginate/chitosan-based films (SCLT). Laser therapy was applied for 7 days. Animals of each group were euthanised 8 and 14 days after the burn procedures. The inflammatory reaction was significantly more intense in the CTR group than in the irradiated groups after 8 and 14 days. Laser therapy stimulated myofibroblastic differentiation in 8 days, with or without dressing films. Combined laser therapy and both dressings improved epithelisation, blood vessels formation and collagenization, promoted rapid replacement of type III for type I collagen and favored the better arrangement of the newly formed collagen fibres. The combination of laser therapy and sodium alginate/chitosan-based dressing improves burn healing, apparently by modulating the epithelisation, blood vessels formation and collagenization processes.

Larval settlement and spat recovery rates of the oyster Crassostrea brasiliana (Lamarck, 1819) using different systems to induce metamorphosis.

This study aimed at the assessment, in the laboratory, of the larval settlement and spat recovery rates of oysters of the species Crassostrea brasiliana using plastic collectors, epinephrine (C9H13NO3 C4H6O6) and shell powder in settlement tanks. Polypropylene was used attached to bamboo frames. The material was chosen due to its pliability--that favours the spat detachment. Two experiments were carried out; the first between February and April 2008, and the second between November and December 2008 at the Marine Mussel Laboratory of Santa Catarina Federal University (Laboratório de Moluscos Marinhos da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina). In the first experiment, the scratched plastic collectors were tested consorting them with shell powder; on the second, the plastic collectors were tested consorted with shell powder, only shell powder and epinephrine as the metamorphosis stimulator. The quantification was carried out of the larvae settled in the plastic collectors, and of the recovery and integrity of the spats after their detachment. The first experiment has shown a recovery rate of 48.83% of the spats in comparison with the D larvae used. From this percentage, 4.9% settled in the plastic collectors and 43.93% in shell powder. The second experiment revealed 55.78% regarding the settled spats in comparison with the total of larvae used (using epinephrine), 78.62% in the treatment with the collector plus shell powder and 58.33% in the treatment only with shell powder. Thus, the use of the collector plus shell powder resulted in a greater spat recovery when compared to the other treatments.

Infecção por cestóides proteocefalídeos em tucunaré Cichla sp. (Osteichthyes: Cichlidae), no Rio Paraná, São Paulo / Proteocephalid cestode infection in tucunaré Cichla sp. (Osteichthyes: Cichlidae) from Paraná River, São Paulo

The occurrence of proteocephalid cestodes in tucunaré Cichla sp., captured monthly, between August 2000 and August 2001, in Paraná River, Presidente Epitácio, SP, was evaluated. From 128 specimens, 71 (55.6 percent) were parasitized by Proteocephalus macrophallus (Diesing, 1850) and/or P. microscopicus (Woodland, 1935). Total mean abundance and intensity were 157.08 and 223.41, respectively. The highest prevalence (90 percent) mean abundance (1,122.4) and intensity indexes (1,247.11) occurred in February 2001, while in September 2000 there were no observed animals infected by cestodes. No relationship between the sex of the host and parasitological indexes was found.

Avaliou-se a ocorrência de cestóides proteocefalídeos em tucunaré Cichla sp., capturados mensalmente, entre agosto de 2000 e agosto de 2001, no rio Paraná, em Presidente Epitácio, SP. Um total de 128 espécimes foram analisados, dos quais 71 (55,6 por cento) estavam parasitados por Proteocephalus macrophallus (Diesing, 1850) e/ou P. microscopicus (Woodland, 1935). A abundância e intensidade média total foram de 157,08 e 223,41, respectivamente. A maior prevalência (90 por cento), juntamente com os maiores índices de abundância (1122,4) e intensidade média (1247,11) ocorreram no mês de fevereiro 2001, enquanto no mês de setembro 2000 não foram observados animais parasitados por cestóides. Não houve relação entre o sexo do hospedeiro e os índices parasitológicos.

Mitogenic response and cytokine production induced by cramoll 1,4 lectin in splenocytes of inoculated mice.

Cramoll 1,4 is a lectin with specific glucose/mannose binding, which is extracted from seeds of Cratylia mollis Mart. Many assays have shown the cytokine expression activity and anti-inflammatory profile of this lectin. The aim of this study was to evaluate the immunostimulatory response, in vitro, of splenocytes in mice previously inoculated, in vivo, with C. mollis (Cramoll 1,4) and Canavalia ensiformis (Con A) lectins. Results demonstrated higher proliferation indexes induced by Cramoll 1,4 than Con A lectin in relation to all experimental groups. Cramoll 1,4 and Con A also induced high levels of IL-2, IL-6, IFN-γ and nitric oxide production. Moreover, Cramoll 1,4 did not induce apoptosis and stimulated a significant number of cells in the S phase of the cell cycle. Results showed that Cramoll 1,4 lectin induces proliferative response and suggested that this lectin can be used as a mitogenic agent in immunostimulatory assays.

Immunological studies and in vitro schistosomicide action of new imidazolidine derivatives

Schistosomiasis is a major public health problem with 207 million people infected and more than 779 million at risk. The drug of choice for treating schistosomiasis is praziquantel (PZQ); however, it is inefficient against immature forms of schistosomes. The aim of this study was to test new imidazolidine derivatives LPSF/PT09 and LPSF/PT10 against adult Schistosoma mansoni worms. IC50, cytotoxicity, immune response and cell viability assays were also available for these imidazolidines. Different concentrations of imidazolidine, from 32 to 320 »M, promoted motor abnormalities in breeding and unpaired worms, and death in 24 hours at higher concentrations. Although LPSF/PT09 and LPSF/PT10 did not affect IFN-³ and IL-10 production, they induced nitric oxide production and showed a similar behavior to praziquantel on cell death test. Thus, these new imidazolidine derivatives should undergo further study to develop schistosomiasis drugs.

Effect of progesterone and ionomycin on domestic cat sperm motility patterns and acrosome reaction.

This study was aimed at assessing the changes in sperm motion patterns and the percentage of acrosome reaction (AR) in domestic cat semen after treatment with either ionomycin or progesterone (P(4)). Ten ejaculates were collected from five tomcats using an artificial vagina, and were diluted, centrifuged and resuspended in a capacitation medium. Samples were evaluated and divided into seven equal aliquots and, after 2 h at 25 degrees C, were incubated for 30 min at 38 degrees C in 5% CO(2) and then analyzed. Computer-assisted sperm analysis and a combination of three fluorescent probes were used to assess sperm plasma, acrosomal membrane integrity and mitochondrial transmembrane potential. Thirty minutes after the start of incubation, P(4) was added (10 microg/ml) to the P1 group. Groups P2 and P3 were supplemented with P(4) (10 and 20 microg/ml, respectively) only after 2 h of incubation, and groups I1 and I2 were supplemented with ionomycin (4 and 8 mum, respectively) 2 h after incubation. Group E was supplemented with ethanol (0.6%) at 2 h after incubation and group C received no supplementation. Ionomycin and P(4) treatments led to a hyperactivation-like sperm motion and an increase (p < 0.05) in the percentage of AR. Although a higher (p < 0.05) percentage of AR was obtained in group I2 when compared with all P(4) groups, a decrease (p < 0.05) in total and progressive motility was observed in I2 group. As I1 group was similar to I2 to induce AR without diminishing sperm motility, we can conclude that ionomycin at 4 microm seems to be more suitable to trigger AR in domestic cat sperm.

The significance of cortisol on acclimation to salinity in pejerrey Odontesthes bonariensis

The role of cortisol on the osmoregulation of pejerrey Odontesthes bonariensis at different salinities was investigated in adult fish injected with 0.7mg hydrocortisone per 100g body weight of fish, and transferred to 0, 5 and 20ppt of NaCl. Blood cortisol was 566ng/ml at the beginning of the experiment (0h) but surged to 1250ng/ml within 3h in cortisol-injected fish. Cortisol levels were influenced not only by treatment but also by time, being higher at 3h compared to 24h. Salinity level, time of exposure and their interaction, but not cortisol treatment, significantly affected plasma osmolality and the concentration of ions Cl- and Na+. This study showed that exogenous cortisol does not seem to play a significant role on the regulation of plasma osmolality and concentration of individual ions in pejerrey

Investigou-se a participação do cortisol na osmoregulação de peixe-rei Odontesthes bonariensis, em diferentes salinidades, em peixes adultos injetados com 0,7mg hidrocortisona por 100g de peso corporal, e transferidos para 0, 5 e 20ppt de NaCl. No inicio do experimento (0h), o cortisol encontrado no plasma foi de 566ng/ml, aumentando para 1250ng/ml em 3h em peixes injetados com cortisol. A concentração de cortisol foi influenciada não somente pelo tratamento, mas também pelo tempo, sendo maior 3h após a inoculação, comparada à 24h. A salinidade, o tempo de exposição e a interação desses dois fatores, mas não o tratamento com o cortisol, afetaram significativamente a osmolaridade e a concentração dos íons Cl- e Na+ do plasma. Este estudo mostrou que, o cortisol exógeno não influi significativamente na regulação da osmolaridade e da concentração de íons Na+ e Cl- no plasma em peixe-rei

[Gastric liposarcoma: report of a case]. / Lipossarcoma gástrico: relato de um caso.

The authors present a case of a well differentiated gastric liposarcoma. The tumor was situated in the submucosa of the antrum, had a diameter of 9 cm, and showed well defined borders. A subtotal gastrectomy with BI reconstruction was performed. No abdominal metastases were observed. The patient is in good condition, without recurrence of the tumor 19 months after its removal.