RESUMO
RESUMEN Los médicos residentes enfrentan cambios en el estilo de vida, adquisición de hábitos alimenticios inadecuados, influencia de modas, publicidad y necesidad de pertenecer a un grupo social, por lo cual se encuentran en riesgo de padecer sobrepeso y obesidad. Nuestro objetivo fue determinar el estado nutricional, los patrones de alimentación y la realización de actividad física de los médicos residentes del Hospital General de Luque del año 2019. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, observacional de corte transversal en el que se evaluaron variables sociodemográficas, antropométricas, estado nutricional, patrón alimentario y actividad física. Se incluyó un total de 58 médicos residentes de los cuales 66% fueron del sexo femenino, y la edad promedio fue de 28,12 años. Según el IMC, la mayoría presentó sobrepeso (34,5%). En cuanto a los patrones de alimentación, la mayoría no cumplía con las recomendaciones de las Guías Alimentarias del Paraguay de consumir 3 frutas por día ni de evitar alimentos ricos en grasas, sodio y altos en calorías como lo son las comidas rápidas. Se observó que 49% no realizaba actividad física. Los médicos residentes del Hospital General de Luque presentaron en su mayoría exceso de peso, tenían un patrón alimentario inadecuado y no realizaban actividad física.
ABSTRACT Resident physicians face changes in lifestyle, acquisition of inappropriate eating habits, influence of fashions, advertising and the need to belong to a social group, which is why they are at risk of being overweight and obese. Our objective was to determine the nutritional status, eating patterns and physical activity of the resident doctors of the General Hospital of Luque in 2019. A descriptive, observational cross-sectional study was carried out in which sociodemographic variables, anthropometric, nutritional status, eating pattern and physical activity were evaluated. A total of 58 resident physicians were included, of which 66% was female, and the average age was 28.12 years. According to the BMI, the majority were overweight (34.5%). Regarding eating patterns, most did not comply with the recommendations of the Paraguayan Dietary Guidelines of consuming 3 fruits per day or avoiding foods rich in fat, sodium and high in calories such as fast foods. It was observed that 49% did not perform physical activity. The resident physicians of the General Hospital of Luque were mostly overweight, had an inadequate eating pattern and did not perform physical activity.
RESUMO
PURPOSE: Previous studies have shown the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of phenolic compounds of virgin olive oil (VOO). However, the effect of bioavailable phenolic compounds on the vascular endothelium is unknown. We aimed to evaluate the effect of the consumption of virgin olive oil rich in phenolic compounds on the vascular endothelium. METHODS: We treated HUVEC with human serum obtained in fasting state and after the intake of a breakfast prepared with VOO with a high or low content of phenolic compounds. RESULTS: Treatment of HUVEC with serum obtained 2 h after the intake of the high-phenol VOO-based breakfast decreased p65 and MCP-1 gene expression (p < 0.001 and p = 0.002, respectively) and increased MT-CYB, SDHA and SOD1 gene expression (p = 0.004, p = 0.012 and p = 0.001, respectively), as compared with the treatment of HUVEC with the serum obtained 2 h after the intake of the low-phenol VOO-based breakfast. The treatment with serum obtained 4 h after the intake of the high-phenol VOO-based breakfast decreased MCP-1 and CAT gene expression (p < 0.001 and p = 0.003, respectively) and increased MT-CYB gene expression (p < 0.001), as compared to the treatment with serum obtained 4 h after the intake of the low-phenol VOO-based breakfast. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that the consumption of virgin olive oil rich in phenolic compounds may reduce the risk of atherosclerosis development by decreasing inflammation and improving the antioxidant profile in the vascular endothelium.