[Development of adaptive reactions when applying drinking mineral water and electromagnetic radiation against the background of a high-calorie diet on the model of experimental metabolic syndrome]. / Razvitie adaptivnykh reaktsii pri primenenii pit'evoi mineral'noi vody i elektromagnitnogo izlucheniya na fone deistviya vysokokaloriinoi diety na modeli eksperimental'nogo metabolicheskogo sindroma.

OBJECTIVE: To identify features of development of adaptive protective reactions when applying drinking sulfate mineral water (MW) and low-intensity electromagnetic radiation of extremely high frequency (EMR EHF) against the background of a high-calorie diet and after its elimination at an early stage of development of experimental metabolic syndrome. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Experiments were conducted on 40 non-linear male rats with 200-220 g. weight. The model of metabolic syndrome was reproduced for 60 days. All animals were divided into 5 groups: 2 study groups, 2 control groups and 1 intact one. Rats of the 1st study group were given sulfate MW in combination with EMR EHF against the background of a high-calorie diet, controlled by rats receiving only a high-energy diet. Rats of the 2nd study group also received sulfate MW in combination with EMR EHF but when the metabolic syndrome simulation was finished and the high-calorie diet was eliminated, control was done by rats that were given standard food after eliminating the high-energy diet. Liver, testes and blood were objects of the study. Light-optical, morphometric methods of examination and electron microscopy were used. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The use of sulfate MW in combination with EMR EHF against the background of the high-calorie diet was the most cause of increased activity of the antioxidant system and the plastic processes were weaker; the activation of natural adaptive reactions was noted after the elimination of the diet that in combination with actions of MW and EMR EHF led to the further intensification of protein synthesis (RNA, DNA, total protein), intensification of cellular and intracellular regeneration processes. The identified adaptive shifts during the action of the studied factors were caused by their antioxidant, membrane stabilizing and detoxifying actions. CONCLUSION: The results of the study can be used to develop the problem of regulating adaptive reactions with the application of therapeutic physical factors and to create new highly effective methods of preventing and treating metabolic syndrome.

[The use of drinking mineral water and low-intensity electromagnetic radiation at an early stage of metabolic syndrome development (experimental study)]. / Primenenie pit'evoi mineral'noi vody i nizkointensivnogo elektromagnitnogo izlucheniya na rannem etape razvitiya metabolicheskogo sindroma (eksperimental'noe issledovanie).

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: To reveal the features of adaptive metabolic development, light-optical and ultrastructural reactions under the combined action of drinking mineral water (MW) and low-intensity electromagnetic radiation (EMR) of ultrahigh frequency (UHF) at an early stage of development of the experimental metabolic syndrome. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was performed on 28 non-linear male rats weighing 180-200 g. Animals of the experimental group on the background of a high-calorie diet received at first (from the 8th day of the experiment) a course of drinking sulfate MW (24 procedures), and after its completion - a course of low-intensity EMR UHF (12 procedures), daily, 2 minutes per lumbar region in the zone projections of the adrenal glands using the Aquaton-2 device (power flux density 1 µW/cm2, frequency 1000 MHz). Animals fed only a high-calorie diet served as controls; intact animals were also used. The objects of study were the liver, blood, thymus. Biochemical, histological, electron microscopic and morphometric research methods were used. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The combined use of drinking MW and low-intensity UHF EMR contributed to the development of adaptive metabolic and regenerative processes: the level of glucose and high-density lipoproteins decreased in the blood, antioxidant activity clearly increased in the liver, the content of RNA, DNA and total protein increased, and the number of dystrophic and necrobiotic cells decreased. Strengthening of the processes of intracellular regeneration was manifested in an increase in the number of mitochondria, peroxisomes, as well as protein-synthesizing organelles - ribosomes and polysomes. Functional activity of the lysosomal system increased. The number of nuclei increased In thymus and specific activity of the thymocyte genome increased as well. The revealed effects were mainly due to the antioxidant, membrane stabilizing, detoxifying, and immunomodulatory effects of MW and UHF EMR. CONCLUSION: Based on the data obtained, it can be concluded that the combined use of drinking MW and low-intensity UHF EMR can be very promising in the light of the development of new approaches to the treatment and prevention of metabolic syndrome in the early stages of its development. To optimize the adaptive-protective and compensatory processes, more adequate modes of combined exposure to MW and UHF EMR should be used.

[Action features of the of low-intensity electromagnetic radiation at an early stage of the experimental metabolic syndrome development induced by a diet high in carbohydrates and fats]. / Osobennosti deistviya nizkointensivnogo elektromagnitnogo izlucheniya na rannem etape razvitiya eksperimental'nogo metabolicheskogo sindroma, indutsirovannogo dietoi s vysokim soderzhaniem uglevodov i zhirov.

Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a complex of interrelated metabolic disorders leading to the development of abdominal obesity, hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia. To develop new methods for the prevention and treatment of MS, it seems appropriate to simulate this disease using a high-calorie diet that induces many of its symptoms. As a therapeutic and prophylactic agent, it is promising to use low-intensity electromagnetic radiation (EMR) of ultra-high frequency (UHF), which can have a stimulating effect on metabolic and regenerative processes and strengthen the mechanisms of their regulation.Purpose of the study. To reveal the features of the effect of low-intensity microwave EMR/UHF on the development of adaptive metabolic and ultrastructural changes in the liver and blood of rats at an early stage of MS development. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The work was carried out on 40 nonlinear male rats weighing 180-220 g. In the experimental group, the rats were kept on a high-calorie diet for 2 months; in the control group, only the model was reproduced without the action of EMR/UHF; in the intact group, the animals were not exposed to any influences. The course of EMR/UHF (10 procedures) was carried out daily for 2 minutes on the lumbar region in the adrenal gland projection area using the Aquaton-2 device (power flux density less than 1 µW / cm2, frequency about 1000 MHz). The objects of the study were the liver and blood. Biochemical methods were used (RNA, DNA, total protein content, liver antioxidant activity, insulin and glucose levels in the blood), transmission electron microscopy, morphometric analysis of mitochondria (number, average and total area). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The use of low-intensity EMR/UHF at the background of the MS development caused an increase in a number of adaptive changes: the level of insulin in the blood increased; the content of total protein in the liver increased, and the severity of fatty degeneration decreased. The ultrastructural reorganization of hepatocytes was manifested in the activation of the protein synthesis apparatus (the phenomenon of hyperplasia of the granular endoplasmic reticulum, as well as ribosomes and polysomes). At the same time, the total area of mitochondria decreased, although their bioenergetic potential increased due to the condensation of the matrix. The revealed adaptive shifts were due to the antioxidant and membrane-stabilizing effects of EMR/UHF on general neuroendocrine and local mechanisms. CONCLUSION: Low-intensity EMR/UHF microwave can be a promising factor in the development of new methods of treatment and prevention of MS. In order to optimize the adaptive-protective and compensatory processes, as well as taking into account the decrease in the number of mitochondria, it is advisable to use EMR/UHF in more adequate modes.

[Metabolic and ultrastructural adaptation mechanisms during the primary prophylactic action of low-intensity electromagnetic radiation under normal and radiation conditions]. / Metabolicheskie i ul'trastrukturnye mekhanizmy adaptatsii pri pervichno-profilakticheskom deistvii nizkointensivnogo élektromagnitnogo izlucheniia v usloviiakh normy i radiatsii.

BACKGROUND: Experimental studies have established that that low-intensity ultrahigh frequency (UHF) electromagnetic radiation (EMR) has a preventive effect under the action of radiation and other pathogenic factors, which manifests itself in the accelerated development of adaptation, in the predominance of anabolic reactions over catabolic ones, and in the strengthening of the body' structural reserves. At the same time, from the standpoint of studying the mechanisms of primary prevention, it is very important not only to identify the overall adaptation effect, but also to have an idea on the specific contribution of a physical factor used in the development of adaptation. AIM: To identify metabolic and ultrastructural adaption parameters under the action of low-intensity UHF EMR on healthy animals and to determine their stability (safety), by using a model of radiation exposure. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The experiments were carried on 42 mature male rats weighing 180-200g. All the rats were divided into 5 groups: 2 experimental groups of 8 animals each for the comparative study of the specific features of adaptation developed under the preliminary action of UHF EMR in healthy animals and under radiation; 2 control groups of 8 animals each, and one intact group of 10 animals. The lumbar region (the area of the projection of the adrenal glands) was exposed to UHF EMP for 2 min daily (a cycle of 10 sessions). The animals were once irradiated at 2 Gy 60Co gamma ray doses, by using an Agat-R apparatus. The investigation objects were the liver, adrenal glands, testes, and thymus. The investigators used biochemical assays (the levels of RNA and DNA, antioxidant activity, specific activity in the thymocyte genome), transmission electron microscopy of adrenocorticocytes in the adrenal bundle zone and Sertoli cells in the testis. Mitochondria (number, average and total area, number of cristae) were morphometrically analyzed. RESULTS: The metabolic and ultrastructural adaption changes induced by UHF EMR in healthy animals were ascertained to be able to withstand the pathogenic effect of radiation and at the same time showed both stability (safety) and certain variability (plasticity) in their reactions. In this case, there were increases in the synthesis of nucleic acids and in the activity of the antioxidant system; there was also mitochondrial structural stability that was more manifested in the adrenocorticocytes in the adrenal bundle zone. At the same time, there was also a decrease in the intensity (magnitude) of a number of adaptive indicators, although by and large they were significantly higher than the level of control (the effect of radiation). DISCUSSION: Thus, the effect of UHF EMR on healthy animals contributed to the development of adaptive rearrangements in the organs studied. The essence of these changes was mainly the enhancement of synthetic reactions, as indicated by a larger amount of RNA and DNA, the activation of cellular and intracellular regeneration with the increased processes of hyperplasia of the mitochondrial cristae and the higher levels of ribosomes and polysomes. In addition, it can be assumed that the use of UHF EMR has laid the physicochemical foundations of its antioxidant action as conformational rearrangements in the membranes, which increased their structural stability. The findings are indicative of the increased level of morphofunctional reserves in the studied cells and tissues due to their increased bioenergetic and plastic potential. CONCLUSION: This study has provided new data that expand our understanding of the features of the development of adaptive mechanisms and the formation of the body's structural and functional reserves under the primary prophylactic action of low-intensity UHF EMR, by using the model of radiation exposure.

[Intracellular regeneration of adrenocorticocytes in response to the prophylactic application of low-intensity electromagnetic radiation under the conditions of radiation (an experimental study)]. / Vnutrikletochnaia regeneratsiia adrenokortikotsitov pri profilakticheskom primenenii nizkointensivnykh élektromagnitnykh izluchenii v usloviiakh radiatsii (éksperimental'noe issledovanie).

BACKGROUND: Adaptation of the organism to the action of certain damaging factors, including radiation, is closely related to the state of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system. The important role in its activities is played by adrenocorticocytes (ACC) - the cells of the fascicular zone of the adrenal cortex. The disturbance of the structure and function of these cells can significantly impair and limit the development of the adaptive reactions in the body. One of the most promising ways to prevent the post-radiation changes in adrenocorticocytes consists of the application of the non-pharmacological therapeutic factors, such as low-intensity electromagnetic radiation (EMR) of ultra high frequency ( UHF) and the low-frequency (LF) magnetic field (MF) of low intensity (LI) after the exposition of the cells to the action of radiation. AIM: The objective of the present study was to identify the ultrastructural regenerative - adaptive changes in ACC of the fascicular zone of the adrenal gland in response to the primary preventive action of ultra high frequency EMR, microwave oven, and low-intensity MF after the exposition of the cells to the action of radiation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The investigations were carried using the outbred male rats (180-200 gr body weight). The experimental animals were allocated to four groups two of which had been preliminarily treated by the application of ultra high frequency EMR and low-intensity MF and were thereafter exposed to radiation. The animals of the third group were exposed to radiation alone without the treatment with the therapeutic physical factors and served as controls whereas the animals of the fourth group underwent no treatment whatever and were regarded as intact. Transmission electron microscopy was used to count light and dark adrenocorticocytes of the fascicular zone. The morphometric analysis of mitochondria included the determination of their number, the average and the total area per standard cell area, and the number of cristae per average area of mitochondria). In addition, the analysis of the lipid content and protein-synthesizing organelles was performed. RESULTS: The study has demonstrated that the primary prophylactic application of ultra high frequency EMR and the low-frequency MF caused stimulation of the cellular and intracellular regenerative-adaptive reactions and increased the resistance of the ultrastructure of ACC in the fascicular zone of the adrenal glands to the action of radiation. These changes were most pronounced in response to the application of ultra high frequency EMR. The resulting structural-adaptive rearrangements of the organelles (the enlargement of mitochondria with the simultaneous increase in the number of cristae, hyperplasia of ribosomes and smooth endoplasmic reticulum, preservation of membranes) were largely due to antioxidative and membrane-stabilizing effects of low-intensity electromagnetic radiation of ultra high frequency and were directly related to the formation of the mechanisms of ACC radioprotection. The Increased regenerative-adaptive potential of these cells prevented the development of the dystrophic processes and protected the adrenocorticocytes from aggressive radiation. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study suggests the necessity of the further studies on the action of the non-pharmacological therapeutic factors, especially low-intensity electromagnetic radiation (EMR) of ultra high frequency and the low-frequency magnetic field of low intensity as the tools for the prevention of post-radiation changes in the adrenocorticocytes of the fascicular zone of the adrenal cortex exposed to the action of radiation.

[The ultrastructure of Sertoli cells and spermatogonia in the rats exposed to radiation under conditions of therapeutic and prophylactic application of low-intensity electromagnetic emission].

BACKGROUND: it has been demonstrated in various experimental studies that radiation exposure produces a negative impact on the processes of spermatogenesis associated with the disturbances of the microcirculation processes in the testes and the development of cellular and intracellular disintegration expressed as destructive changes in the cells leading to their death. AIM: The objective of the present study was to detect the ultrastructural abnormalities in the cells of Sertoli and spermatogonia under conditions of their exposure to radiation and to identify the peculiarities of their regeneration under the influence of the therapeutic and prophylactic application of low-intensity ultra-high frequency (UHF) electromagnetic radiation (EMR) and low-intensity low-frequency magnetic field (MF). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The experiments were carried out on 28 non-pedigree mature male rats with the body weight 180-220 g that were divided into four groups. The first study group was comprised of the animals exposed to radiation followed by the application of low-intensity ultra-high frequency UHF electromagnetic radiation EMR. The rats in the second study group experienced effects of radiation and low-intensity low-frequency MF. The animals of the third (control) group were exposed to radiation alone, and those comprising the fourth group 1 (only radiation exposure) were considered to be intact. RESULTS: The studies with the use of electron microscopy showed that the therapeutic and prophylactic application of low-intensity ultra-high frequency (UHF) electromagnetic radiation and low-intensity low-frequency magnetic field caused the decrease in the number and the severity of post-radiation defects in the treated cells together with the increase of the number and size of mitochondria as well as hyperplasia of ribosomes; moreover, it promoted cellular and intracellular regeneration. UHF electromagnetic radiation had a more pronounced stimulating effect on the regeneration processes as compared with low-frequency MF. Particularly active processes of intracellular regeneration evolved in Sertoli cells; they were manifested as the increase in the number and size of mitochondria, enhanced hyperplasia of ribosomes, and formation of polysomes and new membranes of the granular endoplasmic reticulum. In spermatogonia, intracellular regeneration was less pronounced than in the Sertoli cells but was accompanied by enhanced cell regeneration and a greater number of reserve stem/progenitor cells. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study provide a rationale for the possibility of the application of a low-frequency magnetic field and especially UHF electromagnetic radiation for the further development of the promising therapeutic and preventive technologies with a view to their introduction into routine clinical practice dealing with radiation-induced pathology.

[The ultrastructural manifestations of the regenerative processes in the Sertoli cells under the action of low-intensity electromagnetic radiation in the rats subjected to stress].

The experiments on the outbred female rats using the electron microscopic technique have demonstrated that the application of ultrahigh frequency low-intensity electromagnetic radiation (LIEMR) with a flux density below 1 mCW/Cm2 and a frequency of approximately 1,000 MHz in the regime of primary prophylaxis and therapeutic-preventive action suppressed the development of the post-stress pathological ultrastructural changes and increased the activity of the regenerative processes in the Sertoli cells. It was shown that the developing adaptive and compensatory changes in the Sertoli cells most frequently involve the energy-producing structures (mitochondria) that undergo the enlargement of their average and total dimensions. Simultaneously, the amount of granular endoplasmic reticulum and the number of ribosomes increased while the intracellular links between the organelles strengthened and the reserve potential of the cells improved. It is concluded that the observed effects may be due to the action of both local and systemic regulation mechanisms.

[The combined action of drinking mineral water and low-intensity electromagnetic radiation under the immobilization stress conditions (an experimental study)].

The present study carried out on white male rats in experiments with the use of biochemical, radioimmunological, and electron- microscopic methods. It was shown that the combined treatment with potable mineral water (MV) and low-intensity electromagnetic radiation (LIEMR) of ultrahigh frequency (power density less than 1 pW/cm2, the frequency about 1000 MHz) facilitated the activation of metabolic and intracellular regenerative processes in the liver and testes. One of the advantages of the combined application of MV and LIEMR over the single-factor treatment manifested itself as the weakening of stress reactions, the increase in the frequency of the plastic processes, and the more harmonious development of different forms of intracellular regeneration. The results of the study provide a deeper insight ino the mechanisms underlying the combined actions of drinking mineral water and low-intensity electromagnetic radiation; also, they justify the application of these factors for the protection of the reproductive system and the entire body from stress-induced disorders.

[The application of low-intensity electromagnetic radiation under immobilization stress conditions (an experimental study)].

The experiments carried out on outbred male white rats with the use of optical, electron-microscopic, biochemical, and radioimmunological methods have demonstrated that the application of low-intensity electromagnetic radiation (LI-EMR) with a flow density of 1 mcW/cm2 and a frequency of around 1,000 MHz both in the primary prophylaxis regime and as the therapeuticpreventive modality arrested the development of post-stress disorders in the rat testicles, liver, and thymus; moreover, it promoted activation of the adaptive, preventive, and compensatory processes. The data obtained provide a rationale for the application of low-intensity electromagnetic radiation to protect the organism from negative effects of stressful factors.

[The use of drinking sulfate mineral water in combination with laser and magnetic-laser irradiation for primary prophylaxis of post-radiation disorders(experimental study)].

Experiments on laboratory rats have demonstrated that prophylactic use of drinkable sulfate mineral water in combination with laser and magnetolaser irradiation of adrenal glands produces a radioprotecive effect that was especially well apparent in the liver and less so in the testes. Simultaneously, the functional activity of the thymus decreased. Protection of the liver by the combination of the above factors was more pronounced than the effect of each of them applied separately.

[Histogenetic, metabolic, and immunologic aspects of the effect of infrared laser radiation on injured skeletal muscles from irradiated and nonirradiated rats]. / Gistogeneticheskie, metabolicheskie i immunologicheskie aspekty deistviia infrakrasnogo lazernogo izlucheniia na travmirovannuiu obluchennuiu skeletnuiu myshtsu krys.

Using biochemical, histological, morphometric and cytogenetic methods, it was shown that low-intensive infrared laser radiation (total dose 3.6 J/cm2), applied to the injured rat skeletal muscles, stimulated metabolism and regeneration more efficiently in the muscles locally exposed to 20 Gy X-rays compared to the unexposed muscles. The laser irradiation promoted postradiative recovery in bone marrow cells, but did not provide normalization in thymus lymphocyte activity.

[Experimental study of the role of essential trace elements of mineral waters in prevention of atherosclerosis risk factors]. / Uchastie éssentsial'nykh mikroélementov mineral'nykh vod v ustranenii faktorov riska ateroskleroza v éksperimente.

Hormonal and lipid spectra of the blood serum; antioxidant, biosynthetic, microcirculatory and elastic-inhibitory activity in the myocardium and liver; proliferative and genetic activity in the thymus; microcirculation and destruction in rats with atherosclerosis drinking Khadyzhenskaya mineral water and solution of natural macro- and trace elements in the spring water (temarox) in two dilutions. It was found that elimination of atherosclerosis risk factors in rats was most complete in a course temarox drinking in dilution 1/8000.

[Recovery processes in the cerebral cortex, myocardium and thymus of rats with experimental atherosclerosis exposed to low-frequency electromagnetic fields on the head]. / Vosstanovitel'nye protsessy v kore golovnogo mozga, miokarde i timuse krys s éksperimental'nym aterosklerozom pri vozdeistviiakh nizkochastotnymi élektromagnitnymi poliami na golovu.

Studies of animals with experimental sclerosis has shown that a course of 10 procedures of alternative magnetic field (AMF) (50 Hz, 30 mT, 3 min daily) promotes partial recovery of the lipid spectrum and corrects vasomotor-metabolic disturbances in the cerebral cortex, myocardium and thymus caused by atherosclerosis. Combination of AMF with constant magnetic field in the same regime and location does not produce a hypolipidemic effect in atherosclerotic animals and this, in combination with increased vascular permeability may aggravate the condition. Activated microcirculation, antioxidant and antiproteinase effects in activation of biosynthetic processes in the cerebral cortex reflect inhibition in the CNS in this combined effect and create conditions for a hypotensive effect.

[Activity of the genome of cardiomyocytes as an indicator of the development of adaptive changes in the myocardium following exposure of the central nervous system to electromagnetic fields]. / Aktivnost' genoma kardiomiotsitov kak pokazatel' razvitiia adaptivnykh izmenenii v miokarde pri vliianii élektromagnitnykh polei na tsentral'nuiu nervnuiu sistemu.

Methods of cardiomyocyte nuclei isolation from the myocard homogeneous mixture, and of cardiomyocyte genome activity estimation were elaborated. In the experiments with hyperlipoproteidemic rats, cardiomyocyte genome activity was shown to reflect the primary adaptive changes in the myocard, and to serve a reliable index of their influence on the CNS regulatory centres exposed to electromagnetic field, which is used for hyperlipoproteidemia treatment. The cardiomyocyte genome activity was used to distinguish between three types of development of adaptive reactions in the myocard.

[Effect of infrared radiation and combination of it with constant and alternating magnetic fields on the recuperative processes in the thymus, liver, and blood of stressed rats]. / Vliianie infrakrasnogo izlucheniia i ego sochetaniia s postoiannymi i peremennymi magnitnymi poliami na vosstanovitel'nye protsessy v timuse, pecheni i krovi stressirovannykh krys.

Changes in thymic cells activity in stressed animals were compared to the level of 11-oxycorticosteroids in the blood and antioxidant hepatic activity in exposure of the hepatic projection region and solar plexus to varying doses of infrared radiation and its combination with constant or alternating magnetic fields. It was shown that combined action of constant or variable (pulsed with negative semiperiods) magnetic fields and infrared radiation in the above exposure promotes optimal conditions for regeneration in stressed rats.

[Experimental study of the effect of pulsed infrared laser radiation on skeletal muscle regeneration after mechanical trauma]. / Eksperimental'noe izuchenie vliianiia impul'snogo infrakrasnogo lazernogo izlucheniia na regeneratsiiu skeletnoi myshtsy posle mekhanicheskoi travmy.

Impulse infrared laser radiation (0.89 microm) was examined for effect on regeneration of cross-cut musculus gastrocnemius in adult rats (ten 3-min exposures, 2-3 procedures weekly for one month after the operation, modulating frequency 10 Hz, total course dose 3.6 J/cm2). Histological, morphometric and biochemical parameters of muscular regenerates as well as biochemical serum indices show enhanced regeneration of the skeletal muscle. Formation of the muscular organ ends earlier vs untreated muscles. This was accompanied with more active sclerotization of the muscular regenerate.

[The combined action of infrared radiation and permanent and alternating magnetic fields in experimental atherosclerosis]. / Kombinirovannoe deistvie infrakrasnogo izlucheniia, postoiannogo i peremennogo magnitnykh polei pri éksperimental'nom ateroskleroze.

Paravertebral exposure to infrared radiation (0.87 micron, 5 mW) and permanent magnetic field in combination with one- and two-semiperiodic alternative magnetic fields (50 Hz, 15-30 mT) was studied in respect to the action on adaptive reactions in animals with experimental atherosclerosis. Complex consisting of infrared radiation, permanent magnetic field and one-semiperiodic pulse alternative magnetic field was most effective in restoration of vasomotor-metabolic and immune disturbances accompanying development of atherosclerosis.